Unit 4 知识点讲解与练习 （新教材）人教版（2020新版）高一英语必修第一册.docx

1、新必修一 unit4 课文 The Night the Earth didnt Sleep Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming ou

2、t of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 am on July 28 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises

3、 were heard. But the citys one million people were asleep as usual that night. 河北省东北部的农村发生了一些奇怪的事情。几天来，村里水井里的水涨了又跌，涨又跌。 井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。 至少有一口井里冒出了一些难闻的气体。 鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢 吃东西，狗也不肯进楼里。老鼠从田野里跑出来寻找藏身之处，鱼儿从水里跳出来。1976 年 7 月 28 日凌晨 3 点左右， 唐山市外的天空出现了明亮的灯光和巨大的噪音。 但那天晚上， 这座城市的一百万居民像往常一样睡着了。 At 3:42 am, everything be

4、gan to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquake of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the nation felt it. A huge crack eig

5、ht kilometers long and thirty meters wide, cut across houses, roads and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number

6、of people who were killed or badly injured in the earthquake was more than 400,000. 凌晨 3 点 42 分，一切开始摇晃。好像世界末日到了!就在城市正下方 11 公里处，20 世纪最 致命的地震之一已经开始了， 甚至在 150 公里以外的北京也造成了破坏。 全国近三分之一的 人有这种感觉。一条 8 公里长、30 米宽的巨大裂缝横贯房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的岩石山 丘变成了泥泞的河流。不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了一片废墟。居住在那里的人有三分之 二死亡或受伤。成千上万的儿童失去了父母。在地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数超

7、过 40 万。 Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the citys factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of the hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow

8、them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shockand then, later that aftern

9、oon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 幸存者放眼望去，到处都是废墟。这座城市几乎所有的东西都被摧毁了。大约 75%的城市 工厂和建筑，90%的家庭，以及所有的医院都消失了。地面上覆盖着砖块，像红色的秋叶， 但是没有风可以把它们吹走。大多数桥梁已经倒塌，或者过桥不安全。铁轨现在都

10、成了无用 的金属片。成千上万的牛，成千上万的猪，数百万的鸡都死了。现在井里填满的是沙子而不 是水。人们都被震住了，然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一场大地震。更多的建筑 物倒塌了。水、食物和电都很难得到。人们开始怀疑这场灾难会持续多久。 But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurse

11、s came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 但希望并没有破灭。地震发生后不久，军队就派了 15 万士兵到唐山去挖出被困的人，埋葬 死

12、者。1 万多名医生和护士前来提供医疗服务。工人们为家园被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。 成千上万的人得到了帮助。水和食物由火车、卡车和飞机运到城市。慢慢地，这座城市又开 始呼吸了。 Tangshan started to revive itself and get up on its feet again. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new ci

13、ty has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter futur

14、e. 唐山开始复苏，重新站起来了。在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下，一个新的唐山 在地震废墟上建成了。这座新城已成为 700 多万人口的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了极 大改善。唐山市已经向中国和世界证明，在灾难时刻，人们必须团结起来，展现出智慧，保 持积极向上，重建一个更美好的未来。 ruin 【原句回放】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的十五秒钟内,一座大城 市变成了废墟。 【点拨】ruin n. 毁灭；废墟。表示“废墟、遗迹”时常用 ruins： the ruins of ancient Rome

15、古罗马遗迹； in ruins 荒芜的； be/lie in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪； fall into/go to ruin 衰落；败落 The castle now lies in ruins. 这座古堡已成废墟。 bring sth. / sb. to ruin 使某物毁灭；使某人破产 The war brought ruin to the country. 战争毁了这个国家。 v. 毁坏；毁掉；使破产 I was ruined by the law case. 我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。 ruin oneself 毁掉自己 ruin ones hopes 使某人希望破灭 【拓

16、展】destroy, ruin, damage 的区别 damage 指部分“损坏”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作 名词,用作名词时常与 to something 连用。 Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百 计的房屋。 destroy 只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希 望、计划等打破。 His hope of being a writer was destroyed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。 ruin 则表

17、示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像 destroy 那样毁灭某物,而是强调 致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作“使毁灭”、“使崩溃”解；用作名词时,它 表示“毁灭”、“瓦解”、“废墟”等抽象概念。 The company is facing ruin. 这家公司面临破产。 【随堂练习】用 damage, destroy, ruin 的适当形式填空： 1. The earthquake _ the whole town. 2. The accident did a lot of _ to his car. 3. The house has fallen into _. Keys

18、：考查单词意义。1.destroyed; 2. damage; 3. ruin. 句意分别是 1.地震摧毁了整个城镇。2.事故对他的车造成了很大的损害。3.房子倒塌成了一 片废墟。 brick n.砖 The Great Wall is made of stones and bricks. 长城是由石头和砖头砌成的。 metal n.金属 Metals expand when they are heated. Oil preserves metal from rust. 油保护金属免于生锈。 These tables are made of metal, which made them ver

19、y heavy. shock 【例句】People were shocked. 人们感到震惊。 【点拨】shock v. “使震惊”,语气强烈。以人做主语时,用被动形式。后接介词 at/by 时表示 “对吃惊”；后接不定式时表示“因做某事而吃惊”。 be shocked at/by 对感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 很吃惊地 It shocked sb. to see/hear 看到/听到使某人震惊 They were shocked by her rudeness. 他们被她的粗鲁震惊了。 It shocked me to think how close we had

20、come to being killed. 想到我们差点丧命,我心惊肉跳。 n. 冲击,震惊, 表示“一件令人吃惊的事”时一般为可数名词。 with/from shock 由于震惊 suffer from shock 休克 be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是一个打击 It was a great shock for him when his wife died. 他妻子的死对他来说是一个重大的打击。 【拓展】shocking 令人震惊的,骇人听闻的；shocked 受震惊的,惊愕的 The result of the game is shocking. 游戏结果令人震惊。 Im

21、shocked at his change. 我对他的改变十分吃惊。 【随堂练习】汉译英： 1. 看到邻居们如何对待孩子,我感到震惊。 _ 2. 他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。 _ Keys：考查单词及词组掌握。 1. The news of his wifes death was a terrible shock to him. 2. It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children. electricity n.电 【例句】 We cannot fancy a life without electricity. 我们

22、无法想象没有电的生活。 The electricity/gas(supply) was cut off for the time being because of repairs 由于检修，暂时切断电源/煤气供应。 【拓展 2】对比：electric，electrical，electronic 这三个词都是形容词： electric 多指用电作为动力的。 electrical 表示与电力生产或使用相关的。 electronic 电子的，电子器件的 如：an electrical fault 电力故障 an electrical engineer 电力工程师 This heavy freight

23、er is driven by two electric motors. 这艘沉重的货船由两个电动发动机驱动。 The electric cooker isnt working because of an electrical fault. 由于电力故障电炉不能使用了。 The boys are crazy about electronic music. 这些男孩酷爱电子音乐。 trap 【例句】 Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和 医生被困在废墟中。 【点拨】trap v.

24、困住；关住；使陷入危险之中 be trapped in 困住中,陷在中 trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事 n. 陷阱；圈套 Look! A mouse was caught in the trap. 看,一只老鼠掉进陷阱。 She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it. 她为他设下了一个圈套,他径直走进去了。 【随堂练习】汉译英：那辆车深陷在雪中。 _ Keys：考察 trap 的含义和词组搭配。 The car was trapped in the deep snow. bury 【

25、例句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 军 队组成小分队,将受困的人们挖出来,将死者掩埋。 【点拨】bury v. 埋葬；埋藏；隐藏 Where is she buried? 她被葬在哪里？ The dog buried a bone in the ground. 狗埋了一块骨头在地下。 bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面 She buried her face in her hands and cried. 她双手掩面,哭了。 短语扩

26、展： bury oneself in sth. /doing sth. =be buried in 专心致志于 bury oneself in study 埋头研究 be buried in thoughts 沉思 【随堂练习】The miners _ (bury) alive when the tunnel collapsed. Keys： ：考察 bury 的词义和被动语态。 were buried be buried alive 意思为被活埋。 effort effort n. 努力 make an effect(s) to do sth. affect = have an effect

27、 on “影响” 【例句】 Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success. 父母为孩子安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺平道路。 With all his efforts, no wonder he is able to digest whatever he is taught. 由于他的所有努力，难怪他能消化他所学到的任何东西。 wisdom n.智慧 lack sth.(wisdomcommon sensemoney 缺乏智慧常识/金钱

28、) 课文 TSUNAMI tsuna:miHITS ASIA: OVER 6,500 DEAD By Robert Woodhouse Monday, 27 December 2004 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least fou

29、r other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people

30、 were killed. In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead

31、in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to safety,” said Chandra Theeravit, a loca

32、l Thai woman. Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 亚洲海

33、啸来袭: 超过 6500 人死亡 2004 年 12 月 27 日，星期一 昨天，过去 40 年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲各地的海岸线，在印度尼西亚、印 度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家造成超过 6500 人死亡。渔民、游客、旅馆、房屋 和汽车都被 9.0 级的强烈地震引起的巨浪卷走。海底地震发生在早上 7 点左右。这是星期天 在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸附近发生的。仅在这个地区，就有至少 1870 人丧生。 在斯里兰卡，大约 1。政府官员说，死亡人数为 2498 人，另有 100 万人受到海啸的影响。 印度官员说，南部海岸有多达 1.900 人丧生。另有 254 人在泰国死亡，另

34、外三个国家有 54 人死亡。当地官员说，泰国南部有 1900 人受伤，更多人失踪。 “当时我正和三个孩子吃早饭， 家里开始灌满了水。 我们不得不放下一切， 逃到安全的地方。 ” 目前仍有数千人失踪， 预计未来几天死亡人数还会进一步增加。 外国援助正在为遭受海啸袭 击的国家组织。然而，危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送食品和供应品变得困难。 crash n. 吹走; 大量清除 sweep out 扫掉; 清除 sweep over 将.一扫而光 练习选择短语并用恰当的形式填空。 1) After the party, the house needed _. 2) The leaves were _

35、into the air by the strong wind. A. swept off B. swept over C. swept up D. swept out Keys: 1.sweeping up 2. swept up wave v.挥手 【例句】 He waved until the train was out of sight. 他一直挥手直至火车消失在视线中。 He shouted and waved in order to be noticed. 为了吸引注意，他又嚷嚷又挥手。 strike (struck, struck) 作“打”时， 为常用词， 而 beat 指连续

36、不断地敲打， 还可用于有规律， 有节奏的跳动， 拍打； hit 指“一次性打中” 作“打动，感动”时，be struck by 作“钟敲响几点”时，the clock has just struck six. 作“罢工”， there is a big struck in London. strike a match 擦火柴 sth. occur to sb. = sth come to sb. = sth. flash to sb. = sth strike sb. = sth. hit sb. 某人突 然想到 其他单词 disaster / dz:st(r) / n.灾难；灾害 natur

37、al disasters 自然灾害 （P47） an air disaster 空难 Thousands of people died in the disaster. 数千人在这场灾难中丧生。 on hand 现有（尤指帮助） We would suggest always having on hand enough water and food for three days. 我们建议在三天内保持有足够的水和食物。 （P53） He has too much work on hand. 他手头的工作太多了 I always like to keep some money on hand.

38、我总喜欢在手头备好一些钱。 deliver / dlv(r) / vt. be delivered of a baby 分娩；生孩子 She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。 巧学妙记图记 deliver 一词多义: 接生 递送 演讲 slide / slad / vi. 溜进 The thief slid into the room. 小偷悄悄溜进房间。 aid / ed / n.援助；帮助；救援物资 first aid 急救 economic /emergency aid 经济 / 紧急援助 with the aid of 在的帮助下

39、 He succeeded with the aid of a new method he discovered. 借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。 vi. shelter from sth 躲避（风、雨或危险） We sheltered from the rain in a doorway. 我们在一处门廊里避雨。 crack /krk/ n.裂纹 ；裂缝 There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。 （P50） This cup has a crack in it. 这杯子有一道裂痕。

40、vi. & vt. (使 ）破裂 The ice cracked as I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。 as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！世界似乎要到末日！ （P50） She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。 【拓展】 as if 的用法：(同 as though) as if 后面即可以接陈述语气也可以接虚拟语气,如果后面接的并非真实情况,则要用虚拟语 气，时态变化形式如下： 和现

41、在事实相反，从句用一般过去时（be 动词用 were） 。 和过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 和将来事实相反，从句用 would/ could+ do。 Some people like to talk about film stars personal life as if they were close friends. 一些人喜欢谈论影星的私生活，好像他们是亲密朋友。 She loves the boy as if she were his mother她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。 It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? 打破窗子的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的。