Unit 3 知识点讲解 （新教材）人教版（2020新）必修第一册讲义.docx

1、Unit3 一重点词汇 1.event (1) n. 发生的事情;(尤指)重要事情大事 A daughters marriage is quite an event for a father.女儿的婚姻对父亲而言确实是一 件大事。 (2)n. 比赛项且公开活动 The 800-meter race is the fourth event of this afternoon. 800 米赛跑是今天下午的第四个比赛项目。 The fund-raising event is very successful.筹款活动非常成功。 辨析：event/accident/matter/affair 易混词 含

2、义 例句 event 重要事情;比赛项目 The foundation of the PRC was a great event of 1949.中华人民共和国的成立是 1949 年的重大 事件 accident 强调偶然或意外发 生的 不幸事情 One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers. 每七起交通事故就有一起是驾驶员困倦造成 的。 matter 着重指需要考虑的 或需 要处理的事情 They have important matters to talk about 他们有 重要的事情要谈。 affair 公共事务,政治事务 (多用

3、复数形式);个 人的事 The minister is busy with state affairs. 部长忙于处理国务。 练习： （1）The teacher told us to list_(最重要的事件) of 2016. （2）This week, were preparing for one ofthe newest traditional_in our country: Black Friday. 答案： （1）the most important events （2）events 2. host (1)主办，主持，做东，作为主人组织(聚会) Tonight she hosts

4、a ball for 300 guests 今晚她做东举办一场有 300 名客人参加的舞 会。 (2) 主人；东道主(电视或广播的)节目主持人 a host country/city 主办国/城市 play host to 主办;款待 host“主人;主持人”,指男性;表示“女主人;女主持人”用 hostess Ian, our host, introduced us to the other guests.主人伊恩把我们介绍给了其他客人。 The college is playing host to a group of visiting Russian scientists. 学院正在接待

5、一批来访的俄罗斯科学家 I am the host of a live radio programme.我是一个电台直播节目的主持人。 练习： （1） This is the first time for a developing country to play host _the World Expo. （2）The separation of the fish bone from the lower half of the flesh is usually done by the host or_(host). This is especially true in South China.

6、 答案： （1）to （2）hostess 3. relate v.联系 Relate. to.把与联系起来 relate to.涉及,与相关 Can you relate what happened in your childhood to your present state of mind? 你能将你童年的经历与现在的心情联系起来吗? Does this matter relate to what he did last year?这件事和他去年做的事有联系吗? 拓展： (1) related adj 有联系的,相关的 be related to 与有关;与有亲属关系 (2) relat

7、ion n.联系,关系;亲属 in relation to 关于;与相比 have relation with 与有联系 (3) relative adj.相对的(常与 to 连用) n.亲戚 用法： (be) related to 相当于(be) connected with。(be) related to 中的 to 为介词,后面接名 词、 代词或 v.- ing, related 前常用 strongly, closely 等词修饰,意为“与密切相关”。 related to 和 connected with 也常用作过去分词短语,在句中做后置定语,相当于 which/that 引导的定

8、语从句。 Pay increases are strongly related to productivity.工资的增加和生产效率有很大关 系。 练习： 用 relate 的造当形式填空 (1) Each of these are expenses_to your job. (2)I have some comments to make in _to this matter. 答案： （1）related （2）relation 4. honour (1)vt.尊敬,尊重(某人)。常见搭配: honour sb. with stb.某事使某人感到荣幸 be/ feel honoured th

9、at 因而感到荣幸 be/ feel honoured to do sth.因做某事而感到荣幸 (2)n.U尊敬,敬重;sing.光荣,荣幸;sing引起尊敬的人或事物。常见搭配 do sb. the honour of doing sth.做某事给某人带来荣誉 have the honour of doing sth.有幸做某事 in honour of sb.(=in sb. s honour)为向某人表示敬意,为纪念某人 It is an honour( for sb.)to do.(对某人来说)做是种荣幸。 Would you do me the honour of dining wi

10、th me?你能赏光和我一起吃饭吗? May I have the honour of dancing with you?你能赏光和我跳舞吗? 拓展： honourable adj.可敬的,品格高尚的 an honourable deed 高尚的行为 die an honourable death 光荣牺牲 练习： 用 honour 的相关短语完成句子 (1)总统亲临,使我们感到荣幸。 The president_us _a personal visit. (2)我们举行聚会是为了纪念这位有名的艺术家。 We held the party _ _ _ the famous artist. 答案

11、： （1）honoured,with （2）in honour of 5. determination n.决心;果断;确定。 常见搭配: with determination 顽强地。 You must carry out your plan with determination.你必须有决心实行你的计划。 拓展： (1) determined adj.坚决的,坚定的。 a determined person 一个果断的/坚定的人 be deternined to do sth 决心做某事(表状态,可与表时间段的状语连用) (2) determine vt.决定;确定。 determine

12、sth 确定某事 determine sb. to do sth.使某人决定做某事 determine sb. against doing sth.使某人决定不做某事 determine on/upon sth 决定/下定决心做某事 determine to do sth 决定/下定决心做某事 determine that 从句 决定,确定 Her encouragement determined me to carry on with the work. 她的鼓励使我决定把这项工作继续下去。 They determined to start early.他们决定早点出发。 练习： 单句语法填

13、空 (1)Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the_(determine) to push further and keep on going. (2)_( determine ) never to come back before he could make a big fortune(发大财), Mike left home without saying a word. (3)The_(determine ) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himse

14、lf. 答案： （1）determination （2）Determined （3）determined 6. injure vt.(尤指在事故中)伤害,使受伤;损害,伤害(名誉、自尊等) Jack injured his leg when he was playing basketball yesterday. 昨天杰克打篮球时把腿弄伤了 This could seriously injure the companys reputation.这会严重损害公司的声誉。 拓展： injury n.伤害,损伤 injured adj.受伤的;受到伤害的,委屈的 the injured 受伤的人;伤

15、员(做主语时,谓语动词常用复数) 练习： 单句语法填空 (1) Her left leg_(injure) in the accident. She couldnt move at all. (2)He also raised a lot of money to promote(促进) medical research into back _(injure). (3)Taking this drug too much can result in _(injure) to the liver. 答案： （1）was injured （2）injury （3）injury 7.strength n

16、.C优点,长处,优势;U力量,力气 Sometimes your weakness can become your strength.有时你的短处能成为你的长处。 Everyone has strengths and weaknesses. We should learn to forgive and apologia 人人都有优点和缺点,我们应该学会原谅和道歉。 She doesnt have enough strength to walk upstairs.她没有足够的力气走上楼去。 辨析： 易混词 区别 例句 strength 表示“力量,体力,精神力量”,含有“忍耐, 抵抗”的意思 H

17、e was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his strength.他在做大量的体 育锻炼以增强体力。 energy 指人的精力,工作、活动的能力,自然界 的能量等 He had so much energy that he did the work of three men. 他精力旺盛,一个人能做三 个人的工作。 force 指物理意义上的力;也指为做某事而使 用的力量, 还常指武力 In the end he had to be thrown out of the6rehouse by force.到最后,人们不得不强 行把他从

18、房子里赶了出去。 power 指人或机器的功能、职位、权力或政权 等 I did everything in my power to help her. 我尽我所能帮她。 拓展： (1) strengthen v.加强,增强;巩固 The wind strengthened during the nigh.夜里风刮得更大了。 (2) strong adj.强壮的;强劲的 Hes strong enough to lift a car.他力气大得能抬起一辆汽车! 练习： 单句语法填空 (1) Happiness and success often come to those who are go

19、od at recognizing their own _(strong). (2) The days are gone when physical_(strong) was all you needed to make a living. 答案： （1）strengths （2）strength 8.function (1)nC作用,功能,职能。 perform/ fulfill a. function 发挥功能,履行职责 The teacher explained the words grammatical function in detail. 这个老师详细地解释了这个单词的语法功能。

20、In your new job you will perform a variety of functions. 在你的新工作岗位上,你将会履行多种职资。 (2)vi.起作用,运转。常见搭配: function well/ normally 运转良好/正常 function as 起作用,具有功能 The machine seems to be functioning normally.这台机器看来运转正常。 The sofa functions as a bed at night.这沙发在夜里可以当床用。 练习： 单句语法填空 (1) -Im really amazed at the_(fu

21、nction) of smartphones. (2) This big room used to function _a meeting room and nowbecomes our library. 答案： （1）functions （2）as 9.join 意为“参加”,表示加入一个组织或团体。He joined the army last year.他去年参军了。 知识链接： join in 参加,加入 join in doing sth.加入做某事,一起做某事 join sb. in doing sth.跟某人一起做某事加入某人做某事 Will you join us in pla

22、ying now?现在你要和我们一起踢足球吗? 特别提醒: join in 中的 in 既可用作介词,其后跟名词、代词或-ing;又可用作副词,其后不跟任 何成分,此时 Join In 为不及物动词短语。 I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun. 我希望每个人都能够加入进来,玩得开心。 He laughed loudly, and Mary joined in.他大声笑了起来,玛丽也跟着笑了。 辨析： 易混词(组) 用法 例句 join in 常用于口语,表示参加别人已经在进行 的小型活动,其宾语一般是谈话、娱乐、 游戏等表示活

23、动的名词。 如果表示“与某 人一起做某事”则用 join sb. in doing sth Will you join in the game? 你想参加这个游戏吗？ join 通常指参加某个组织、党派、团体、军 队等,并成为其中一员,宾语往往是 army,party,team,club 或 sb.等乐部。 Ill persuade him to join our club.我将劝他加入我 们的俱乐部。 take part in 常指参与群体性的活动、运动,并在其中 发挥作用。part 前有修饰语时,要加不定 冠词 a/an We should take an active part in s

24、chool activities.我 们应该积极参加学校的 活动。 attend 正式用语,常指参加会议、集会、仪式、 典礼等,还可以表示“上学,上课,听报告” 等 He didnt attend the meeting yesterday.昨天他 没有出席会议 练习： 选择填空: join in/ join/attend/take part in (1)He will never forget the day when he_the Communist Party of China. (2)Would you like to _the sports meeting to be held ne

25、xt week? (3)That year,I_ a seminar(研讨会) where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. (4)Come and_our heated discussion. 答案： （1）joined （2）take part in （3）attended （4）join in 10.match (1)般配,相配；配；与.相匹敌 match sb./sth.in.在方面和某人/某物相匹敌 match .to/with.把.和.配对 The blue sweater matches t

26、he color of her( blue)eyes. 那件蓝色毛衣和她的(蓝)眼睛颜色非常相衬。 (2)n.火柴;比赛;相配的人(或物) strike a match 划火柴 win/lose a match 赢得/输掉比赛 He struck a match and lit the candle.他划了根火柴,点燃了蜡烛。 Even if you lose the match, you shouldnt lose your confidence. 即使你输了比赛,你也不该失去信心。 练习： (1) -Yesterday, I read Journey Under the Midnight

27、Sun written by Higashino Keigo. Such a good book! -You said it(你说得对). No one can match Higashino Keigo_artistic talent. (2) She created a website page,matching survivors in need_donors who wanted to help. 答案： （1）in （2）with/to 11.pretend v.假装,佯装 pretend to be+n./adj.假装是 pretend(not) to do sth.假装(不)做某

28、事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth 假装已经做了某事 pretend +that.假装 Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying nothing about the argument. 萨拉假装高兴,没有提及争吵的事。 He pretended to be reading an important document when the boss entered. 老板进来时他假装正在看一份重要的文件。 When his mother entered his room, he pr

29、etended to have fallen asleep. 当妈妈走进他的房间时,他假装已经睡着了。 特别提醒： (1) pretend 接不定式和从句做宾语,不接 v.-ing 做宾语; (2) pretend 后接动词不定式做宾语时,根据语境的不同,不定式可以采用一般式、 进行式、完成式来表达不同的时间概念。 练习： (1) He pretends_( be) familiar with me, but I really dont know him. (2)The police are setting a trap(圈套)for the drug dealers. One pretend

30、s_(be) an ice cream seller standing at the corner.One pretends_(finish) shopping and _(wait) for the bus. One pretends_(read)a newspaper. 答案： （1）to be （2）to be；to have finished；be waiting；be reading 12.diet n.按规定进食 No sugar in my coffee, please. Im dieting.请别在我的咖啡中加糖,我正在节食。 It is obvious that she is

31、 dieting.很显然,她在节食。 练习： 单句语法填空 (1) Jane has lost weight by going on_diet and taking exercise every day. (2)-Wow! Jane, youre slim again. -Yes, I have been_a special diet these days. 答案： （1）a （2）on 13. Stress (1) n.精神压力;重音;强调;(物理)压力。 常见搭配: under stress 在压力下 under the stress of 在的压力下 put place stress o

32、n强调/重视 The amount of stress a person can bear depends very much on the individual. 能承受多大的压力因人而异。 Inmother the stress falls on the first syllable. “mother”一词的重音在第一个音节。 (2)强调,着重;(使)焦虑不安。常见搭配: stress the importance of 强调的重要性 stress out/stress sb.(out) (使)焦虑不安,疲惫不堪 Driving in cities really stresses me(o

33、ut).在城市里开车让我真的很紧张 Our teachers stressed the importance of cooperation. 我们的老师们强调了合作的重要性。 相关词语积累: stressful adj.产生压力的,紧张的(常用来修饰事物) stressed adj.焦虑不安的(常用来修饰人) 练习： (1) Everyday life can be filled with _situations and this _gets released at night when you are sleeping.( stress) (2)My experience has taugh

34、t me that only if we place great stress _cooperation can we win the match. 答案： （1）stressful；stress （2）on 14.survey (1)n.C(复数为 surveys)调查。 常见搭配: make/ conduct/carry out a survey 进行一项调查 L A recent survey shows/showed that.一项最近的调查显示 The reporter made a survey of river pollution. 这名记者对河流污染情况进行了调查。 A rec

35、ent survey shows that success is not simply the result of a high IQ. 一项最近的调查显示,成功并不仅仅是因为高智商。 (2) vt.( surveyed; surveyed; surveying)调查(一般用于被动语态)。 常见搭配:It is surveyed that.据调查 It is surveyed that 50 percent of the patients do not take medicine as directed. 据调查,50%的病人没有遵照指示服药。 特别提醒： 过去分词 surveyed 常做后置

36、定语,修饰前面的名词或代词。 Only18 percent of those surveyed were against the plan. 那些被调查者中只有 18%的人反对该计划。 练习： Half of those_(survey )in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friends to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. 答案：surveyed 二重点短语 1. come along 快点，一道去 2. work out 锻炼身体，做运动；设法弄懂，思考，想出；计

37、算出，解决；成功 的发展 3. make it 成功，做到，赶上 4. be up to 由.决定，取决于；达到（某数量，程度等） ；从事着（尤指坏事） ， 在捣鬼 5. lead.to 领着.去. 6. lose heart 丧失信心，泄气 7. make sense 讲的通，有道理；是明智的，合乎情理 8. make a difference 有影响，起作用 9. rather than 而不是 10. compare .with/to.把.和.作比较 11. make sure 确保，设法保证 12. deal with 处理，应付；涉及，关于；与.做生意 三重点语法 反义疑问句 (1)

38、构成 反意疑问句提出情况或看法,问对方同不同意,这种问句都由两部分组成,前一部 分用陈述句的形式,后一部分是附着在前一部分上的简短问句,如前一部分为肯定 形式,后一部分通常用否定形式;前一部分为否定形式,后部分就用肯定形式, 两部分的时态要一致。 Youre to go home via Hongkong, arent you?你准备经由香港回国,对吧? You have already got our invitation, havent you?我们的请帖你们已经收到了,是吧? (2)语调 陈述部分总是用降调附加疑问部分用升调时较多果说话的人坚信陈述部分说的 是事实,也可以用降调:Beij

39、ing is a very beautiful city, isnt it?北京是一座很美丽的 城市,对不对? (3)答语 在回答反意疑问句时,如果答案是肯定的,前面要用yes,否则用no,在第一部分为否 定句时要特别注意,这时英语回答和汉语回答是不一致的 You are not going out today, are you?你今天不出去，是吧 No,Im not./Yes,I am.是的,我今天不出去。/不，今天要出去。 (4)在反意疑问句中,如果陈述部分包含有 no, never,hardly, scarcely 等否定词,这部 分就算否定: You have no classes t

40、omorrow, have you? 你明天没有课,是吧? You have nothing against it, have you? 你没有什么反对意见,对吧? (5)另外,祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些,如: Have a little more coffee, will you?再喝点咖啡,好不好? Lets meet at the station, shall we?我们在车站见面,行不行？ 这时陈述部分和附加疑问部分就没有反意关系(即不遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”的 规律)。 另外,在一些其他情况下也间或不遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”的规律,有时带 有讥讽、轻蔑或是威吓

41、的口吻 -I wont let you do it! -You won t, wont you? 我不会让你做这种事。你不会,是吗? (6)指代情况 反意疑问句中附加疑问部分的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、 数上保持一致的几 种情况: 陈述部分的主语 附加疑问部分的主 语 例句 one(指人) one 或 he One cant be careful enough,can one/he? this,that,these，those it 或 they This isnt a fast train, is it? These are not your books，are they？ anythin

42、g everything nothing something it Nothing happened to him, did it? Something has gone wrong with this machine, hasnt it? everybody everyone someone somebody no one nobody anyone anybody he 或 they Everybody agreed to the plan,didnt they? Nobody likes to be laughed at, doesn t he/dont they? 不定式、动名词、其他

43、 短语 it Learning English well takes a lot of time, doesnt it? There be 结构 be/情态动词/助动 词+ there There is no doubt about it，is there？ There should be no problem， should there? 语法知识专练： 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.你更愿意坐飞机走,是吧? 是的,我讨厌坐船走 -You prefer going by plane，_? -Yes, I hate going by boat. 2. 他们在记者招待会上没提很多问题,是吧? -不,

44、他们提了很多问题。 They didn t raise many questions at the press conference,_? Yes, they did. 3.这些书我们不能拿出去,对吧? 是的,我们不能拿出去。 We cant take the books out,_? No. we cant. 4.我们必须吸取群众的智慧,对不对? We must draw on the wisdom of the masses,_? 5.你们之前从来没见过对方,对不对 You have never met each other before,_? 答案： 1. dont you 2. did they 3. can we 4. mustnt we5. have you