高考英语虚拟语气讲解.doc

1、第 1 页 共 6 页 高考英语名师手记高考英语名师手记- -虚拟语气篇虚拟语气篇 一、考纲要求 根据考纲的要求，虚拟语气部分主要考查情态动词的选择、虚拟语气在条件句中、在名词性 从句中、在简单句中或在日常交际中的使用等基本用法。 二、命题导向 依据语境来判断虚拟语气的不同形式是高考试题的主要设题方法之一。在近年的高考试题 中， 出现了对陈述语气与虚拟语气辨析的考查。 虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用是该部分的重 点掌握内容。 三、复习要点 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，说话人陈述的并不是事实，而是表达一种愿望、假设和猜 测等。只有在非真实的条件句中才使用虚拟语气，如果假设的条件有可能实现，用真实条

2、件 句。如果假设的条件无法实现或实现的可能性很小，则用虚拟语气。使用虚拟语气的情况主 要有下列几种： 1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 (1) if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 非真实条件句表示不可能实现的或实现的可能性很小假设。条件句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。 其虚拟语气的时态形式有三种： 表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“动词过去式(be 一般用 were)” ，主句的 谓语动词用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形” 。例如： If you were the UN Secretary General, could you stop the wars

3、 on the earth? If he had a chance, he would/should/ might/could choose to study abroad。 表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词” ，主句的谓语动词用 “should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词” 。 【记忆小窍门】可提到句首的词有三个：had, should 和 were。谐音记忆：一马当先“还属 我” 。 含蓄虚拟条件句 有时， 可不用条件句表示一个非真实的条件， 而用一些介词短语或通过上下文中暗含某种非 真实的条件，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句” 。

4、例如： 通过 with, without, but for 和动词不定式短语等表示虚拟的条件 Shed look better with shorter hair. =if she had her hair cut shorter Without your help, we could not have completed the task ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help But for the heavy snow, I could have gone on holiday. =If there had not been th

5、e heavy snow She would be shocked to hear the news. =If she heard the news It would be easier to do it in this way. =If you did it in this way 句中含有 or, or else, otherwise, but 等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语 气。 He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us。 Luckily Mary tel

6、ephoned to inform me of the meeting, or would have been I absent。 I should have attended my friends wedding ceremony, but I couldnt afford the time。 第 2 页 共 6 页 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 在主语从句中， 在下面的几种情况下，谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形” It is+形容词+that句型。常见的形容词有 important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising

7、, astonishing(令人惊讶的)等。 It is +名词+that句型。常见的名词有 pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议，建 议)， requirement, request, desire, order 等。 It is+动词的过去分词+ that句型。常见的动词有 advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require 等。 在以上三种句型中，主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形” ， should 可省略。例如： It is important that w

8、e (should) have a good knowledge of computer in modern times。 It is necessary that these useful expressions (should) be learnt by heart。 It is a shame that children (should) be forced to beg in the streets in the capital city。 Its suggested that the school (should) organize an outing when spring com

9、es。 It is required that middle-schools students (should) take at least one-hour exercise every day。 在下列动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形” ，should 可省略。这类动词 有：insist(坚持)， urge (催促)， order(命令)， command(命令)， request(请求，要求)， demand(要求)， require(要求， 需要)suggest(建议)， advise(建议)， propose(建议) , recommend(建 议， 推荐) 等

10、。 The captain insisted that the wounded soldier (should) be sent to hospital at once。 The policeman demanded the thief (should) tell his name and address。 Doctors strongly recommend that fathers (should) be present at their babys birth。 If Li Ming had spent more time on her studies, she might/would/

11、could/should have been admitted to Tsinghua University last year。 【记忆小窍门】一个“坚持”和”催促” 、二个“命令” ， 三个“要求” ， 四个“建议” 。 在含有 advice, order, demand, proposal(提议) requirement, suggestion 等名词的表语从句、 同 位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形” ，should 可省略。 The governor gave order that the flood (should) be controlled before dark

12、。 My suggestion is that the project (should) be completed by the end of the year。 在一些名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should +have done” ，表示惊讶、 意志等感情色彩，译为“竟然，居然” 。 I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way。 I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum。 It is strange /surpri

13、sing that she should not have been invited。 I am glad that your story should have won the first prize。 在 wish 后的宾语从句中 表 示 将 来 的 愿 望 实 现 的 可 能 性 非 常 小 ， wish 后 的 宾 语 从 句 的 谓 语 动 词 用 should/would/could/ might+动词原形。 We wish the friendship between the two countries would last forever。 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，宾语从句的

14、谓语动词用一般过去时(be 动词用 were)。 He always wishes he were a millionaire and owned a big house and a sports car. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。 How he wished he hadnt wasted too much time on playing computer games while at school. 在 would rather/would prefer 后的宾语从句中 在 would rather/would prefer 后的宾语从句中，常用过去时表示

15、与现在或将来事实相反的愿 第 3 页 共 6 页 望，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 在 would rather/would prefer 从句中 Frankly speaking, I would rather you came tomorrow. The manager isnt available today。 I would rather you had gone to the party with me last night. It was really wonderful。 Could I smoke here? Id prefer it if you didnt smo

16、ke in front of the children。 3. 在 as if/though 后的方式状语从句中，表示某种情况与现在的事实相反， 谓语动词用过 去式;表示即将发生的情况 “用情态动词+动词原形” ;表示某种的情况有过去的事实相反， 谓 语动词用过去完成时。 The coach always treats the players as if they were his own children. She was suffering from a bad cold. Her head felt as if it would burst。 Gary was behaving as t

17、hough nothing had happened。 4.在 in case, in order that 目的状语从句中 在 in case 引导的目的状语从句中， 谓语动词用 “should+动词原形” ;在 so that, in order that 等 引导的目的状语从句中， 谓语动词除了用 “should+动词原形” 外， 还可用 “might/could/would+ 动词原形” 。 In case you should need any help, heres my number。 In order that training should be effective it m

18、ust be planned systematically。 I took a taxi so that I would/could/might be in time for the appointment。 表示一种假设在将来实现的可能性很小或者根本无法实现，从句谓语动词可用三种形式： 动词过去式 were to +动词原形 should+动词原形，主句谓语动词用：should (would, could, might)+动词原形。 省略连词 if 的虚拟条件句中 如果把连接条件从句的连词 if 省略，必须将从句的谓语部分的助动词 had, 情态动词 should 或系动词 were 等移至

19、主语之前，构成倒装语序。例如： Had he known my address(=If he had known my address)， he would have visited me earlier。 Should I meet Jay Zhou some day(=If I should meet Jay Zhou some day)， I might tell him that I like him. Were I you(=If you were I)， I would get on well with my teachers and classmates。 5. 在 It is

20、(high) time(that)定语从句中，谓语用过去时或用 should+动词原形。should 不可 省略。 Its high time that we devoted/should devote our time to preparing for the coming exam。 6. 在 if only 感叹句中 if only 表示“但愿” ， “要是就好了” ，句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。其构成的方 法与 wish 后的宾语从句基本相同。 If only Xiao Huas mother were still alive! If only I had known the answ

21、er when my teacher questioned me。 If only I could fly to the moon in Shenzhou spaceship。 7. 在简单句中 第 4 页 共 6 页 情态动词 Would/could/might，表示说话人的礼貌或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 您能否指点我去邮局的路? Could you let me have your passport? 看看你的护照好吗? Might I speak to y

22、ou for a moment? 我能和你谈一下吗?(使用 might 比 may 更客气) 表示祝愿 “may+动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把 may 置于句首，构成倒装语序。 May you succeed in the future! May the friendship between us last long! 四. 注意事项 1. 错综时间虚拟条件句中 如果 if 条件句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，从句和主句的谓语动词的 形式要根据各自的时间来调整， 这种情况被称作 “错综时间虚拟语气” 或 “混合虚拟语气” 。 If America had not made wars

23、 on Iraq, the Iraqi people would be living a peaceful life now。 If I were you, I would have visited the museum yesterday. If we didnt have an exam tomorrow, my friends and I could be playing football now。 2. 有时，只在条件句或主句中使用虚拟语气，而另一分句用陈述语气。 If you should change your mind, do let me know。 Should anyone

24、 call (= If anyone calls)， please tell them that Im busy。 Can you read that form carefully, if you wouldnt mind, and then sign it? I would appreciate it if you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment. What would you do if it rains tomorrow? We have to carry it on, since weve got everyth

25、ing ready。 3. 在一些日常会话中，一些简单句通常暗含虚拟的意味。句中的谓语动词用 would/could/ should be 等形式或 should/would/could/might have been 等形式。 It couldnt be better. 那太好了。 That would be very nice. 太好了。 I couldnt agree with you more. 我非常同意你的意见。 I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 我做梦也没有想到啊! How careless I was! I could have done better

26、 in the exam. 我太粗心了，我本来可以考得很好 的。 Tom hasnt arrived yet. I should have written down the address for him. 我本应该把地址写下来 的。 How was you interview? It couldnt have been better. Luckily, I found all the answers to questions。 Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away? 4. 若 insist 表示“坚持说” ，suggest 表示“暗示

27、，表明” ，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。 The smile on the boys face suggested that he was happy to die for his country。 The man insisted that he had not stolen anything and (should) be set free immediately。 5. 如果 as if/though 从句描述的是真实的情况，谓语动词则用陈述语气，而不用虚拟语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain。 It sounds as though she has

28、 been really ill。 6. 在“had better/would rather, would like/love to, was/were to+ have done sth ”表示过去希望 做某事，但事实上未做。例如： 第 5 页 共 6 页 Do you mind if I open the window? Id rather you didnt. I feel a bit cold。 7. had thought/hoped/meant/intended/expected/wanted/planned that + 从句 表示主语过去未曾 实现的愿望。 We were to

29、 have arrived at 9:00 this morning, but I missed the first bus. I had hoped that I would be of some help to you, but you didnt ask me。 Lucy is crying in the corner now. Did you scold her for her carelessness in her homework? Yes, but Id rather not have done it. 我要是不批评她就好了。 五. 精典名题导解 1. Thank you for

30、 all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you。 A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 考点解析：句中的介词短语 without you 表示一个假设的条件，而时间状语 last week 表明句 子陈述的内容与过去的事实相反，因此最佳答案为 B。 2. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better。 A. need have

31、done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done 考点解析： “What a pity!”暗示他的表现令人遗憾。鉴于他的能力和经验，他本来可能发挥 得更好，因此用 might have done，最佳答案为 D。 3. I wish I _ the meeting。 But you didnt。 考点解析：答语 But you didnt 暗示对方没有参加会议。因此说话人说“我真希望我参加了 那个会议。 ”在 wish 后带的宾语从句中 ，如果表示与过去事实相反的愿望应用过去完成时， 因此最佳答案为 D。 4. Why did

32、nt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday? Well, I_, but I forgot it。 A. should have B. must C. should D. must have 考点解析：答语意为“我本来应该去的，但是我忘记了” 。should have done 表示“本来应该 做某事，而未做” 。作为简略，done 被省略，只保留 should have，最佳答案为 A。 5. I _ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldnt get way。 A. was plann

33、ing B. had planned C. planned D. would plan 考点解析：句意为：我原计划去散步，但是有人来访，我无法走开。had planned to do sth 表 示过去未能实现的打算。最佳答案为 B。 6. I would like _ you to my birthday party, but I was busy and forgot to call you。 A. to invite B. inviting C. to have invited D. having invited 考点解析：句意为：我本来想让你参加我的生日宴会，可是因为忙，我忘记了“。w

34、ould like to have done sth。表示“本来想做某事(而未做)” 。最佳答案为 C。 7.Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month? No, we _ visited it, but we spent too much time shopping。 A. could have B. must have C. can have D. ought to have 考点解析：句意为： “我们本来有时间参观(文化古迹)的，可是我们在购物上花费了太多 的时间” 。 could have done 表示“过去本来可以做某事(而未做) ” 。最佳答案为 A。 第 6 页 共 6 页