英语六级复习资料(必过版).doc

1、 1 英语六级复习资料（完整版）英语六级复习资料（完整版） 英语六级复习专题一完形填空英语六级复习专题一完形填空- -固定搭配固定搭配 1. account for 说明的原因，是的原 因 2. acuseof 控告；谴责 3. allow for 考虑到，顾及，为留出预 地 4. appeal to 诉诸，诉请裁决(或证实等) 5. bring about 导致，引起 6. call off 取消 7. care for 照顾，照料；喜欢 8. check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记，报 到 9. check out 结帐后离开，办妥手续离去 10. come up with 提出，提供，

2、想出 11. count onupon 依靠，指望 12. count up 共计，算出的总数 13. draw up 起草，拟订；(使)停住 14. fall back on 借助于，依靠 15. get at 够得着，触及；意思是，意指； 查明，发现；指责 16. go in for 从事，参加；爱好 17. hang on to 紧紧抓住；保留(某物) 18. turn out 制造，生产；结果是；驱逐； 关掉，旋熄 19. take over 接受，接管；借用，承袭 20. take in 接受，吸收，接纳；理解，领 会；欺骗；包括 21. stick out (把)坚持到底；突出，显

3、 眼 22. stick to 坚持，忠于，信守；紧跟， 紧随；粘贴在上 23. set out 陈述，阐明；动身，起程；开 始；摆放 24. set forth 阐明，陈述 25. set about 开始，着手 26. put in for 正式申请 27. refer toas 把称作，把当作 28. pay off 还清(债)；付清工资解雇(某 人)；向行贿；得到好结果，取得成 功 29. make up for 补偿，弥补 30. look over 把看一遍，把过目；察 看，参观 31. look through 详尽核查；(从头至尾) 浏览 32. live on 靠生活，以为食

4、物 lie in (问题、事情等)在于 33. lie in (问题、事情等)在于 34. let go(of) 放开，松手 35. hold out 维持，保持；坚持(要求)， 不屈服 36. hold back 踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制； 隐瞒，保守(秘密等) 37. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于处于有利条 件 have the advantage of sb。知道 某人所不知道的事 38. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, prof

5、it from, harness)利用。 39. attributeto(=to believe sth. to be the result of)把。 .归因于., 认 为。.是。.的结果 40. begin with 以开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先， 第一(经常用 于开始语) 41. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以名义 42. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb. to be true) 相信， 依赖，信仰。 43. get

6、the better of (=defeat sb。) 打 败， 胜过。 44. by birth 在出生上， 论出身， 按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生、 45. blame sb. for sth. 因责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把推在某人身上 46. in blossom 开 花 ( 指 树 木 ) be in blossom 开花(强调状态) come into blossom 开花(强调动作) 47. take the floor 起立发言 48. be capable of 能够， 有能力 be capable of be

7、ing +过去分词是能够 被的 49. comparewith 把与比较 50. compareto 把比作 51. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控 告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情; complain to sb. about sth. (or sb。) 向某人抱怨; complain (抱怨); complement (补充); compliment (恭 维) 52. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth。)喜欢， 取乐 53. take (a) delight in 喜欢干, 以 为乐 54

8、. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物 质的)东西 55. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物 56. deviate from 偏离， 不按办 57. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食， 节食 2 58. differ fromin 与的区别在于 59. dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away) 处理掉 60. beyond dispute 不容争议的， 无可争议 61. in dispute 在争议中 62. (be) distinct from ( = be different from) 与截然不同 63. di

9、stinguish between (=make or recognize differences) 辨别 64. distinguishfrom 把与区别开 65. do away with(=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate) 除去，废除，取 消; do away with (=kill) 杀掉， 镇 压 66. come off duty 下班 67. at large(=at liberty, free) 在逃， 逍遥法外 at large(=in general) 一 般来说， 大体上 at large(=at full length; w

10、ith details)详细地 68. accuseof(=chargewith; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控，控告 69. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到， 估计 到 。 70. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计， 等于。 71. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对负责。

11、72. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠 于;遵守 73. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc。) 遵守， 依从 74. apply to sb. for sth. 为向申请 ; apply for 申请; apply to 适用。 75. apply to 与有关;适用 76. arise from(=be caused by) 由引起。 77. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地 (小地方);得出，作出; arrive in 到 达某地(大地方)

12、; 78. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以 为羞耻 79. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth。) 向保 证， 使确信。 80. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚， 系 ,结 81. attend to (=give ones attention, care and thought)注意，照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, lo

13、ok after) 侍候，照料 82. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据 83. on ones own account 1) 为了某人 的缘故， 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at ones own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account 不 论 什 么 原 因 也 不 ;of account 有。.重要性。 84. takeinto account(=consider)把.。 . 考虑进去 85. account f

14、or (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释， 说明。 86. on account of (=because of) 由于， 因为。 87. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于。 88. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉 89. act on 奉行，按照行动; act as 扮 演; act for 代理 adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself

15、 to) 使自己适应于 90. adapt(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编， 改写(以适应 新的需要) 91. in addition (=besides) 此外， 又， 加之 92. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除外 93. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持， 遵循 94.

16、adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻 的， 临近的 95. adjust。.(to) (=change slightly)调 节; 适应; 英语六级复习专题二翻译英语六级复习专题二翻译- -语法精要语法精要 动词动词( (时态时态, ,语态语态, ,用法用法, ,省略省略, ,一致性等一致性等) ) 时态时态 1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继 续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. Ive been writing letters for an hour. Ive been sitting

17、in the garden. - 3 - 2)过去完成进行时(由 had been + ing 分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 Id been working for some time when he called. We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. In another months time s

18、hell have been studying here for three years. 4)将来完成时(由 shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. I shall have finished this one before lunch. Theyll have hit the years target by the end of October. 语态语态 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her

19、success. 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的 有 assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand 等. It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk. 担当 be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如: Why are you driving so fast in this area?

20、 You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主 语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语. He was asked a number of questions at the press conference. Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

21、宾补结构的被动语态: She was called Big Sister by everybody. Then he was made a squad leader. He was considered quite qualified for the job. The room was always kept clean and tidy. 短语动词短语动词 Vi + adv The plane took off two hours late. Vi + prep They looked round the Cathedral. Vi + prep (有被动语态) Shes looking a

22、fter her sisters children. The children were always well looked after. Vi + adv + prep I began to look forward to their visits. Vt + O + adv Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children. The children were brought up by their mother. - 4 - They took him on. Vt + adv + O (无被动语态) I am

23、trying to give up smoking. Vt + O + prep We talked Donald into agreement. 省略省略 在以 as, than, when, if, unless 等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包 含有动词 be,主语又和主句的主语一致 a),或者主语是 it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和 谓语的一部分(特别是动词 be)省略掉. Look out for cars when crossing the street. When taken according to the directions, the drug h

24、as no side effects. While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project. Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support. If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful. Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity. This viewpoint, however understandable, is w

25、rong. Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out. She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry. She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health. Fill in the application as instructed. Whenever known, such facts should be reported. The documents will be r

26、eturned as soon as signed. He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young. Once having made a promise, you should keep it. If necessary Ill have the letter duplicated. Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary. If possible, I should like to have t

27、wo copies of it. As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy. 在以 than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略. He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary. We should think more of the collective than of ourselves. They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did). He is no

28、w a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before. Their training is free, as is all education. We will, as always, stand on your side. 错误的省略错误的省略 His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know. While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her. 一

29、致一致 如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有 with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than 等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式. Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. - 5 - The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed

30、in the team. 代词作主语时的一致代词作主语时的一致 each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词,都作单数看待. Each of us has something to say. Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. Neither of us has gone through regular training. Has either of them told you? some, few, both, many some, few, both, many 等作

31、复数等作复数 some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一. none 作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单 数概念, 但 none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数: None of the books are easy enough for us None of us seem to have thought of it. None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera. None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did. None of this

32、 worries me. all 和 most 可后接复数,也可接不可数名词 (all of the, most of the ), 动词用单 数. 由 and 或 both and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数; 由 not onlybut (also), eitheror, neithernor 或 or 连接的并列主语, 谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致. Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed. My sister or my brother is likely to be at home. Either

33、you or Mr Yang is to do the work. Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 如果一个句子是由there 或here引导, 而主语又不止一个, 谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主 语一致. There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix. Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. people, police, cattle,

34、poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作复数. Cattle are grazing on the pasture. The police are looking for him. 有些集体名词有时作单数看待, 有时作复数看待, 主要根据意思来决定. His family isnt very large. His family are all music lovers. The committee meets twice a month. The committee are divided in opinion. The audience was enormous.

35、The audience were greatly moved at the words. 有些名词单复数同形, 可根据意思决定谓语动词的数: This new series is beginning next month. These new series are beginning next month. This species is now extinct. These species are now extinct. - 6 - 表示时间, 重量, 长度, 价值等的名词, 尽管仍是复数形式, 如果作整体看待, 动词也可 用单数形式 (当然用复数动词也是可以的): Three week

36、s was allowed for making the necessary preparations. One hundred li was covered in a single night. 其他问题 书名, 国家名用单数: Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb. 学科名, 如 mathematics, economics 用单数. many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数形式: Many a person has had that kind of experience. More t

37、han one person has involved in the case. a number of 后接复数, the number of 后接单数: A number of books have been published on the subject. The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing. one of those 后用单数. 在“one of + 复数名词 +关系分句”结构中，关系分句中谓语动 词的单复数形式在一般情况下有两形式，一是根据先行词采用复数形式： Joan is one of t

38、hose people who go out of their way to be helpful. 当 one 之前友 the only 等限定词和修饰语时，关系分句谓语动词根据 one 而定，即采用 单数形式： He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment. 非谓语动词非谓语动词 不定式 形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have

39、 been doing 完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎 同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之 前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式. I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother). (比较: I am glad to see you.) He is said to have written a new book about workers. He pretended not to have se

40、en me. 进行式: 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用 不定式的进行式. - 7 - You are not supposed to be working. You havent quite recovered yet. We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here. He pretended to be listening attentively. 完成进行式: 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式. The struggle was known to have been

41、going for twenty years. We are happy to have been working with you. 被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被 动形式. It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. She hated to be flattered. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. This is bound to be found out. There are a lot of things to be don

42、e. She was too young to be assigned such work. 功用: 不定式可以作主语 (a), 宾语 (b), 表语 (c), 定语 (d) 或是状语 (e). a. To scold her would not be just. b. We are planning to build a reservoir here. c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture. d. Do you have anything to declare? e. We have come to learn fr

43、om you. 不带 to 的不定式: 在“动词+ 宾语+不定式”结构中, 如果动词是表示感觉意义的 see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice 等, 或是表示“致使”意义的 have, make, let 等, 其后的不定式结构不带 to. John made her tell him everything. 这类结构转换为被动语态时, 后面的不带 to 的不定式一般还原为带 to 的不定式. She was made to tell him everything. 在 had better, had best, would rather, would soo

44、ner, would just as soon, might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 动词不定式也不带 to. Id rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast. They cannot but accept his term. 在 make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of 等固定搭配中,

45、 用不带 to 的动词 不定式. John let fly a torrent of abuse at me. Ive heard tell of him. - 8 - 在动词 help(或 help +宾语)之后可用不带 to 的不定式, 也可用带 to 的不定式. Can I help (to) lift this heavy box? 在介词 except, but 之后, 如果其前有动词 do 的某种形式, 不定式一般不带 to, 反之带 to. There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining. Smith will d

46、o anything but work on a farm. Theres no choice but to wait till it stops raining. 连词 rather than, sooner than 置于句首时, 其后的不定式不带 to. Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up. 出现在句中其他位置时, 其后的不定式有时带 to, 有时不带 to. He decided to write rather than telephone. The man

47、ager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages. 用作补语的动词不定式, 如果主语是由“all + 关系分句” ， “thing +关系分句” ， “what 分 句”或“thing +不定式结构”等构成，并带有 do 的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定 式可以省 to，也可以不省. What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing. All you do now is complete the form The only t

48、hing I can do now is go on by myself. The thing to do now is clear up this mess. The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue. 不定式的其他用法 tooto 结构通常表示否定意义: She was too young to understand all that. enoughto 结构则表示肯定意义: She was not old enough to understand all that. not too, but too, a

49、ll too, only too 等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义: Hes only too pleased to help her. soas (to)这种结构也可用不定式作状语: Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free. 如果要说明不定是表示的动作是谁做的, 可以在不定式前加一个 for 引起的短语: It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally. - 9 - 在以某些形容词(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite 等)作表语时, 不 定式前可加一个 of 引起的短语, 来说明不定式指的是谁的情况: Its kind of you to t