Unit 3　Section A　Starting out & Understanding ideas （新教材）外研版（2020）选择性必修第二册课后练习.docx

1、Unit 3Times change! Section A Starting out for good;grow up;come back to;pop up;take over;comment on;in recent decades;drop in;look up at 1.My daughter wants to be a teacher when she . 答案 grows up 2.After the retirement of his father,Tom the company and became CEO. 答案 took over 3.Scientists in China

2、 led a hard life ,but they have made great contributions to the development of China. 答案 in recent decades 4.The consequence of people cutting down lots of trees is that land is easy to wash away when it rains and more land will desert. 答案 turn into 5.But if you lose strength,your life will be gone

3、. 答案 for good 6.I dont feel I can their decision. 答案 comment on 7.She to see a great friend of hers. 答案 dropped in 8.I love to the stars in the sky at night. 答案 look up at 9.I was anxious for the children when they didnt their home from school on time. 答案 come back to 10.As soon as we solved the pro

4、blem,another immediately . 答案 popped up .完成句子 1.他惊讶地看见家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 He the great changes have taken place in his hometown. 答案 was surprised to see 2.由于他受到了很差的治疗,医生很难使他复活。 Because of the bad treatment he had received,it was difficult for the doctor to him . 答案 bring;back to life 3.这是个非正式的聚会,我们不必为此盛装打

5、扮。其实我们就聚在一起吃吃喝喝,开心地玩乐。 Its quite an informal party so we neednt dress up for it.In fact,we can to eat,drink and have fun with each other. 答案 get together 4.他英语讲得非常完美,好像在英国居住了很多年似的。 He speaks English perfectly he had lived in England for many years. 答案 as if/as though 素养提升 .阅读理解 A 主题语境:信息时代 In many a

6、spects,nowadays business environment has changed greatly since the late 1980s.The end of the cold war completely altered the very nature of the worlds politics and economics.In just a few short years,globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences:the opening of markets,true

7、 global competition,widespread deregulation (解除政府对的控制) of industry,and an abundance of accessible capital.We have experienced both the benefits and risks of a truly global economy,with both wall street and main street (平民百姓) feeling the pains of economic disorder half a world away. At the same time,

8、we have fully entered the information age,starting breakthroughs in information technology,which have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space.Today,its almost impossible to imagine a world without intranets(内联网),e- mail,and p

9、ortable computers.With amazing speed,the Internet is profoundly changing the way we work,shop,do business,and communicate. As a consequence,we have truly entered the post-industrial economy.We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest

10、 value on information,services,support,and distribution.That shift,in turn,attaches great importance to “knowledge workers”,a new class of wealthy,educated,and mobile people who view themselves as free agents in a sellers market. Beyond the field of information technology,the increasing pace of tech

11、nological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new business,wiped out others,and produced a great demand for continuous innovation (创新).New product,process,and distribution technologies provide powerful levers for creating competitive value.More companies are learning the importan

12、ce of destructive technologies innovations that hold the potential to make a product line,or even an entire business segment,virtually outdated. Another major trend has been the consumer and business markets.Theres a growing appreciation that superficially similar groups of customers may have very d

13、ifferent preferences in terms of what they want to buy and how they want to buy it.Now,new technology makes it easier,faster,and cheaper to identify and serve targeted micro-markets in ways that were physically impossible or prohibitively expensive in the past.Moreover,the trend feeds on itselfa bus

14、inesss ability to serve sub-markets fuels customers appetites for more and more specialized offerings. 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了如今商业环境发生了很大的变化,我们已经完全进入了 信息时代。同时我们正在经历迅速地经济转变,除了信息技术领域外,几乎每个行业的技术变革步伐 都在不断加快,这创造了全新的业务,并产生了对持续创新的巨大需求。 1.According to the first paragraph,the changes in the business environment

15、in the past decades can be due to . A.technological advances B.worldwide economic disorder C.the fierce competition in industry D.the globalization of economy 答案 D 解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In just a few short years,globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences:the opening of market

16、s,true global competition,widespread deregulation of industry,and an abundance of accessible capital.”(在短短的几年时间里,全球化引发了各种各样的趋势, 并产生了深远的影响:市场的开放、真正的全球竞争、对工业的普遍放松管制,以及大量可获得的资 本)可知在过去几十年的商业环境中的变化可能是由于经济全球化。故选 D 项。 2.What idea does the author want to convey in the second paragraph? A.The rapid developme

17、nt of information technology has taken businessmen by surprise. B.The internet,intranets,e-mail,and portable computers have entered every corner of the world. C.Information technology has removed the restrictions of time and space in business transactions. D.The way we do business today has brought

18、about startling breakthroughs in information technology. 答案 C 解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“At the same time,we have fully entered the information age,starting breakthroughs in information technology,which have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of t

19、ime or space.”(与此同时,我们已经完全进入了信 息时代,开始了信息技术的突破,这些技术已经不可逆转地改变了人们不受时间和空间的传统限制进 行商业活动的能力)可知作者在第二段想要表达的是信息技术已经消除了商业交易中时间和空间的 限制。故选 C 项。 3.If a business wants to boom in the post-industrial economy, . A.it has to invest more capital in the training of free agents to operate in a sellers market B.it should

20、 try its best to satisfy the increasing demands of mobile knowledgeable people C.it should not overlook the importance of information,services,support,and distribution D.it has to provide each of its employees with the latest information about the changing market 答案 C 解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We are rapidly

21、shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information,services,support,and distribution.”(我 们正在迅速地从以制造业和商品为基础的经济向以信息、服务、支持和分销为最大价值的经济转 变)可推知如果一个企业想在后工业经济中蓬勃发展,就不应该忽视信息、服务、支持和分销的重要 性。故选 C项。 4.In the authors view,destructive technologies a

22、re innovations which . A.demand a radical change in providing services B.can eliminate an entire business C.may destroy the potential of a company to make any profit D.call for continuous improvement in ways of doing business 答案 B 解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“More companies are learning the importance of destr

23、uctive technologiesinnovations that hold the potential to make a product line,or even an entire business segment,virtually outdated.”(越来越多的公司开始认识到破坏性技术的重要性这些创新有可能使 一条产品线、甚至整个业务部门无形中过时)可知在作者看来,破坏性技术可以消灭整个企业的创新 的。故选 B项。 B 主题语境:人工智能 Computers have become so smart during the past 20 years that people do

24、nt think twice about chatting with digital assistants like Alexa and Siri.But that required hard work from computer scientists like Yoshua Bengio,Geoffrey Hinton,and Yann LeCun.They tapped into their own brainpower to make it possible for machines to learn like humans,a breakthrough now commonly kno

25、wn as “artificial intelligence”,or AI. Their insights and persistence were rewarded with the Turing Award,an honour that has become known as technology industrys version of the Nobel Prize.The award marks the latest recognition of the instrumental role that artificial intelligence will likely play i

26、n redefining the relationship between humanity and technology in the decades ahead. Over the past 30 years,Mr.Bengio,Mr.Hinton,and Mr.LeCun have mostly worked separately on technology known as neural (神经的) networks.These are the electronic engines that power tasks such as facial and speech recogniti

27、on,areas where computers have made huge improvements over the past decade.Such neural networks also are a key part of robotic systems that are automating a wide range of other human activities,including driving. Their belief in the power of neural networks was once looked down upon.“For a long time,

28、people thought what we were doing was nonsense,” Mr.Hinton said in an interview with The Associated Press.“They thought we were very misguided and what we were doing was a very surprising thing for apparently intelligent people to waste their time on.My message to young researchers is,dont be put of

29、f if everyone tells you what you are doing is silly.” While the AI revolution is raising hopes that computers will make most peoples lives more convenient and enjoyable,its also arousing fears that humanity eventually will be living at the mercy of machines.Mr.Bengio,Mr.Hinton,and Mr.LeCun are also

30、concerned that AI technology might be developed into weapon systems that wipe out humanity. But they are far more optimistic about the other prospects of AIempowering computers to deliver more accurate warnings about floods and earthquakes,or detecting health risks,such as cancer and heart attacks,f

31、ar earlier than human doctors. 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了计算机科学家对于人工智能所做出的贡献,尽管有些 时候他们的工作被人质疑,并且他们也担心过人工智能可能会给人类带来灾难,但是他们对人工智能 仍然很乐观。 5.Why does the author mention Alexa and Siri in the first paragraph? A.To introduce the topic of AI. B.To stress the significance of computers. C.To distinguish between type

32、s of AI. D.To encourage the use of digital assistants. 答案 A 解析推理判断题。由第一段可知,在过去的 20 年里,电脑变得如此智能,以至于人们在与 Alexa 和 Siri 这样的数字助理聊天时都会三思而后行,他们利用自己的脑力使机器能够像人类一样学习,这是一个 突破,现在被称为“人工智能”或者 AI。Alexa和 Siri是人工智能最典型的事例,所以提到 Alexa和 Siri 就是为了介绍人工智能这个主题。故选 A项。 6.What role do neural networks play in AI? A.They make el

33、ectronic engines work. B.They match up peoples faces with voices. C.They contribute to robotic automation. D.They enable humans to learn like machines. 答案 C 解析细节理解题。由第三段中的“ Such neural networks also are a key part of robotic systems that are automating a wide range of other human activities,includin

34、g driving.”可知,这种神经网络也是机器人系 统的一个关键部分,机器人系统正在实现包括驾驶在内的各种人类活动的自动化。所以神经网络为 机器人自动化做出了贡献。故选 C 项。 7.Why are people concerned about AI? A.It is a total waste of money. B.It is likely to bring disasters to human beings. C.It is a real risk to public health. D.It is ineffective in forecasting natural disaster

35、s. 答案 B 解析细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“AI technology might be developed into weapon systems that wipe out humanity”可知,人工智能技术可能会发展成消灭人类的武器系统。所以人们担忧人工智能可能 会给人类带来灾难。故选 B项。 8.What is the best title for the passage? A.What Is AI? B.AI Scientists Rescuing Human Beings C.Why Is AI Popular? D.AI Pioneers Awarded Techs “N

36、obel Prize” 答案 D 解析主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段中的“Their insights and persistence were rewarded with the Turing Award,an honour that has become known as technology industrys version of the Nobel Prize”可 知,他们的洞察力和毅力被授予图灵奖,这一荣誉被称为是技术产业版的诺贝尔奖。计算机科学家对 于人工智能做出了巨大的贡献,尽管有些时候他们的工作被人质疑,并且他们也担心过人工智能可能 会给人类带来灾难,但是他们对人工智能仍然很乐观。所以短文的最佳标题为 D项“人工智能先驱荣 获科技诺贝尔奖”。