Unit 5 预习·新知早知道1 同步讲解 （新教材）外研版（2020）选择性必修第二册.doc

1、 .匹配词义 a单词匹配 ( )1.habitat Av.倒坍，塌下 ( )2.appetite Bn.生态，生态学 ( )3.chaos Cn.栖息地 ( )4.collapse Dn.胃口，食欲 ( )5.ecology En.大混乱；紊乱 答案 15 CDEAB b短语匹配 ( )1.in consequence A与协调一致/和谐共处 ( )2.lead to B反过来 ( )3.on behalf of C导致 ( )4.in harmony with D代表 ( )5.in turn E结果 答案 15 ECDAB .默写单词 1dramatically adv. 显著地；戏剧性地

2、 2subsequently adv. 后来，随后 3multiply v. (使)大大增加，(使)倍增 4conservation n. 保护 5virus n. 病毒 6decrease v. (使)减少；(使)变小 7trap n. 夹子，陷阱 8departure n. 离开 9explode v. 突然增加；爆炸 10substantial adj. 大量的，多的 .语境填词 collapse；conservation；multiply；substantial；owe； incident；trap；habitat；appetite；decrease 1The party has ju

3、st lost office and with it a substantial number of seats. 2Cigarette smoking multiplies the risk of cancer. 3The pandas natural habitat is the bamboo forest. 4He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite 5My fathers life work was devoted to the conservation of the Longleat estate. 6Do not fall in

4、to this trap 7The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year. 8The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 9There was a shooting incident near here last night. 10The company owes money to more than 60 banks. .语法填空之派生词 1But since then the nonelites have improved dramatically(dramatic

5、al) 2 Subsequently(subsequent), they heard that he had obtained Canadian citizenship. 3Multiplication(multiply) of cells leads to rapid growth of the organism. 4 There was a loud explosion(explode) and then the building burst into flames. 5Global ecological(ecology) efforts can easily be at odds wit

6、h local ecologies. 1The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty. 青草和光秃秃的岩石形成了鲜明的对比，使它具有一种野性和自然的美。 2Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect

7、harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他们也会去想象岛上的栖息动物，包括皇家企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹，是如何 与自然栖息地和谐共存数千年的。 3Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do bestthey multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. 在岛上自由自在，它们尽其所能迅速繁殖，开始吃当地的植被并挖洞，

8、 造成水土流失。 4 The cats in consequence turned their attentionand their stomachsback to the native birds, killing up to 60，000 each year. 结果， 这些猫把注意力又转移到了当地的鸟类身上它们又吃起鸟来 每年捕杀的鸟多达 6 万只。 名师圈点 Macquarie Island 麦夸里岛，是澳大利亚的一个岛，位于太平洋西南边陲， 距塔斯马尼亚州东南部 1 500 公里，大约相当于从澳洲到南极洲的一半路程。 stormy adj.有暴风雨的 sculpt v塑造 landsc

9、ape n风景 contrast v对比；对照 dramatically adv.显著地；戏剧性地 heritage n遗产；传统 inhabitant n居民 in harmony with 与一致/和谐相处 habitat n栖息地 tragic adj.悲惨的；可悲的 unknowingly adv.不知道地 take over 占据，占领 attack vt.进攻，攻击 subsequently adv.后来，随后 appetite n胃口，食欲 meanwhile adv.与此同时 multiply v(使)大大增加，(使)倍增 vegetation n植物，草木(总称) erosi

10、on n侵蚀；逐步破坏 21plentiful adj.充足的；丰富的 22in turn 反过来；轮流 23lead to 导致 24parakeet n长尾(小)鹦鹉 25die out 灭绝 26reserve n保护区 27out of control 失去控制 28come up with 想出；提出 29virus n病毒 30release vt.释放 31decrease v(使)减少；(使)变小 32in consequence 结果 33in the 1980s 二十世纪八十年代 34departure n离开 35or so 大约；大概 36turn out 结果是；证明

11、是 37immunity n免疫力 38explode v突然增加 39collapse v倒坍，塌下 40substantial adj.大量的；许多的 41participate in 参加；参与 42helicopter n直升飞机 43intervention n干预；介入 原文呈现 MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos to Conservation I am standing on Macquarie Island ， in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica.

12、Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long, thin shape.The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically， giving it a wild and natural beauty.1 No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.2 Nor would they fail to imagine how i

13、ts native inhabitants ， including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.3 1句中 giving it a wild and natural beauty 作结果状语。 2it 作形式宾语；真正的宾语是 that 引导的从句。 3本句是倒装句，nor 置于句首，would 提前。 But the islands more recent history

14、 tells a different story.Its a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice.These small animals quickly took over the island, eating the birds eggs and attacking baby birds.Cats were brought to the island to control the rats

15、and mice.Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too. Meanwhile， rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do bestthey multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes,

16、which caused soil erosion.4 The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful 21 food for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased.This in turn 22 led to 23 more cats hunting the birds.The end result was that parakeets 24 , once large in number and native to the island, died out 25

17、in 1891. 4which 引导非限定性定语从句。 Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve 26 in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control 27 .Experts felt it necessary to come up with 28 a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.5 With this goal in mind, a virus 29 was released 30 onto t

18、he island.But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease 31 from 130， 000 to around 10， 000, it also meant less food for the cats.The cats in consequence 32 turned their attentionand their stomachsback to the native birds, killing up to 60，000 each year.6 In the 1980s 33 , traps and

19、 dogs were used to catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000. 5it 作形式宾语；真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。 6killing up to 60，000 是现在分词短语作结果状语。 But as the saying goes, “While the cats away, the mice will play.” With the departure 34 of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started

20、 to increase.And remember those 10，000 or so 35 rabbits? It turned out 36 that they developed an immunity 37 to the virus, and their numbers exploded 38 once again.Then, in 2006, the rabbits digging caused some land to collapse 39 , and killed a substantial 40 number of penguins.This incident made i

21、t clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all. So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in 41 the programme to tackle this very problem.The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters 42 .The next step is to remove the last remaining invading sp

22、ecies, and thats where I come inwith my dogs.They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals.This intervention 43 is a long, muchdelayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. 译文参考 麦夸里岛：从大混乱到受保护 我站在麦夸里岛上，该岛在西南太平洋，位于澳大利亚和

23、南极洲的中间。强 风和波涛汹涌的大海帮助塑造了它细长的外形。 青草和光秃秃的岩石形成了鲜明 的对比，使它具有一种野性和自然的美。没有游客会对该岛是联合国教科文组织 评定的世界自然遗产感到惊讶的。他们也会去想象岛上的栖息动物，包括皇家企 鹅、王企鹅和象海豹，是如何与自然栖息地和谐共存数千年的。 但岛上最近的历史却讲述了一个不同的故事。这是一个悲惨的故事，始于 1810 年人类来到岛上。他们无意中把老鼠带上了船。这些小动物很快占领了这 个岛，吃鸟蛋并袭击小鸟。猫被带到岛上以控制老鼠。不幸的是，猫后来也对鸟 产生了食欲。 同时，兔子作为人的食物来源被引进岛上。在岛上自由自在，它们尽其所能 迅速繁殖，

24、开始吃当地的植被并挖洞，造成水土流失。激增的兔子为猫提供 了大量的食物，这意味着猫的数量也在增加。这反过来又导致更多的猫捕鸟。最 终的结果是，曾经数量众多、原产于该岛的长尾鹦鹉于 1891 年灭绝。 即使麦夸里岛在 20 世纪 70 年代成为正式的自然保护区后， 兔子的数量仍然 无法控制。专家们认为有必要想出一个计划，除掉岛上的所有兔子。考虑到这个 目标，一种病毒被释放到岛上。尽管病毒导致兔子数量从 13 万只减少到 1 万只 左右，但也意味着猫的食物减少了。结果，这些猫把注意力又转移到了当地的鸟 类身上，它们又吃起鸟来每年捕杀的鸟多达 6 万只。上世纪 80 年代，人们 用陷阱和狗来捕猫。最后一只麦夸里岛猫是在 2000 年被捉住的。 但俗话说， “猫儿不在，老鼠作怪。”随着猫离开小岛，老鼠的数量开始增 加。还记得那 1 万只左右的兔子吗？结果他们对病毒产生了免疫力，他们的数量 再次激增。然后，在 2006 年，兔子的挖掘导致一些土地塌陷，大量企鹅死亡。 这一事件表明，鼠兔问题需要一劳永逸地解决。 所以，我在麦夸里岛这里参与处理这个问题的方案。第一步是从直升机上投 下了毒药。下一步是要清除最后一个入侵物种，这就是我的切入点带着我的 狗。它们被训练在不伤害当地动物的情况下找到最后一个。这种干预是漫长的， 延迟的一个悲伤故事的结局。但我们人类有义务给这个岛一个圆满的结局。