Unit 4 教学·知识细解码 同步讲解 （新教材）外研版（2020）选择性必修第二册.doc

1、 1assist v帮助，协助assistance n帮助；协助assistant n助手；助 理 2special adj.特殊的；特别的specialist n专家 3 infect v 感染infection n 感染， 传染infectious adj.传染性的disinfect vt.给杀菌；为消毒 4devote vt.献身于devotion n奉献devoted adj.献身的；热爱的 5twin adj.双胞胎的twins n双胞胎 devotion n挚爱；关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚；专心；热心 His devotion to his wife and family is tou

2、ching. 挚爱，关爱 Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time. 忠诚；专心 As a soldier，he showed selfless devotion to duty. 奉献 Words and Phrases 知识要点1 assist vt.& vi.帮助，协助 (教材 P38) It assists people based on need, regardless of which country they are from. 它根据需要帮助人们，不管他们来自哪个国家。 例 1 Well do all

3、 we can to assist you. 我们要尽量帮助你。 例 2 Anyone willing to assist can contact this number. 凡愿协助者可拨此号码联系。 造句 我们正寻找愿意协助该团体工作的人。 We are looking for people who would be willing to assist in the groups work. 知识拓展 (1)assist(sb.)in(doing) sth. 帮助(某人)(做)某事 assist sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某

4、事 (2)assistant adj. 副的；助理的 n. 助手；店员 assistance n. 帮助，援助 即学即练 单句语法填空 Two men are assisting the police in/with their enquiries. We will assist you in finding(find) somewhere to live. Bill assisted his friend Mike to establish(establish) a new company. China will continue to increase its assistance(ass

5、ist) to Africa in both quantity and quality. 小片段填空 The shop assistant rushed out of the shop to assist the old lady with her luggage.With his assistance, the old lady crossed the road.(assist) 知识要点2 vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的 (教材 P38) But it is vital not to take any chances. 但重要的是不要冒险。 例 1 Good financial

6、 accounts are vital to the success of any enterprise. 妥善的财务账目对任何公司的成功都是极其重要的。 例 2 The police play a vital role in our society. 警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。 造句 现在，我们接着往下讨论今天的重要事宜。 Now we move on and discuss the vital business of the day. 知识拓展 be vital to/for 对极其重要；必不可少 It is vital that. 极其重要(that 从句中谓语用 shoul

7、d do 形式) of vital importance 至关重要 即学即练 单句语法填空 The quick recognition of disease is vital for effective treatment. It is vital that we should be kept(keep) informed of all developments. It is without doubt that the development of science and technology is of vital importance(important) to human advanc

8、ement. 知识要点3 at risk 处在危险中 (教材 P38) I knew I was putting my life at risk. 我知道我在冒生命危险 例 1 The crisis could well place the relationship at risk. 这场危机可能会使这一关系有破裂的危险。 例 2 If they have the virus they are putting patients at risk. 如果他们有这种病毒，就会将病人置于危险境地。 造句 当一种新型流感感染了一个人，那么所有人都有危险。 When a new flu infects o

9、ne human being, all are at risk. 知识拓展 (1)risk doing. 冒险做 risk ones health/life 以健康做赌注/冒着生命危险 (2)at the risk of(doing). 可能导致(不快等)，冒(做)的危险 at all risks 无论如何 run/take a risk/risks 冒险 run/take the risk of(doing). 冒(做)的危险 即学即练 单句语法填空 Which team is more willing to take risks(risk)? He got wellprepared for

10、 the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing(lose) such a good chance. He was determined to do it even at the risk of being laughed (laugh) at. 知识要点4 (教材 P38)My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting. 我的任务是在加拿大传染病专家艾玛任职结束后接替她。 (1)special

11、ist n专家，专业工作者 例 1 Peckham, himself a cancer specialist, is well aware of the wide variations in medical practice. 佩卡姆本人就是个癌症专家，非常清楚医疗实践中的广泛差异。 例 2 We had better call in a specialist at this critical moment. 在这个关键时刻我们最好请一位专家来。 造句 农民们把他看作专家。 The peasants looked upon him as a specialist. 知识拓展 special a

12、dj. 特殊的，专门的 specialize vi. 专攻，专门从事 specialize in. 专攻 specialization 专业化 即学即练 单句语法填空 We specialize in creating beautiful, delicious, and truly unique cakes. I think weve entered an age of specialization(special) (2)infectious adj.传染性的 例 1 These viruses affect children and are highly infectious. 这些病毒会

13、侵袭儿童，而且具有很强的传染性。 例 2 Infectious diseases are spreading among many of the flood victims. 传染病正在遭受洪灾的很多灾民中蔓延。 造句 苍蝇和蚊子是传染病的传播者。 Flies and mosquitoes are carriers of infectious diseases. 知识拓展 infect vt. 传染；使感染 disinfect vt. 为消毒；给杀菌 infection n. 传染；感染 即学即练 单句语法填空 When I needed disinfect(infect) the nursi

14、ng bottles, I would come here to use the microwave oven. Ear infections(infect) are common in preschool children. 知识要点5 in ones 50s 在某人五十多岁时 (教材 P38) Alfonso, a softspoken Argentinian doctor in his 50s, who had previously worked on Ebola outbreaks in Sierra Leone and Guinea. 阿方索是一位 50 多岁说话温和的阿根廷医生，此

15、前曾在塞拉利昂和几内亚 研究埃博拉疫情的爆发。 例 1 He died when he was in his 50s, much older than some of the early teenage dancers. 他是 50 多岁去世的，比那些青少年时就去世的舞蹈演员年纪大多了。 例 2 The speaker was in his 50s.He was in a blue long gown which was faded to pale. 那说话人 50 来岁，一件青布长袍早洗得褪成了蓝灰色。 造句 不久前，我和 50 多岁的叔叔在伦敦喝咖啡。 I was recently in

16、London sharing a coffee with my uncle, whos in his 50s. 知识拓展 in ones twenties/thirties 在某人二十/三十多岁时 in the 1930s 在二十世纪三十年代 即学即练 单句语法填空 When he moved to Germany in the 1930s, he was already in his sixties(sixty) When John began to restore the house in the 1960s, nothing had been touched for 40 years.

17、知识要点6 not to mention 更不必说 (教材 P39) It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy and Alfonso, not to mention all the others I have worked with. 有哈桑、梅西、阿方索这样的同事，更不用说和我共事过的其他人了，真是 太令人鼓舞了。 例 1 We cant afford a car, not to mention the fact that we have no garage. 我们买不起汽车，没有车库的事就更不必说了。 例 2 The

18、 audience，not to mention the bewildered cast，were not amused. 观众们并没有觉得好笑，更不用说那一头雾水的演员了。 造句 潮湿就令人不舒服，更不必说寒冷了。 The dampness is uncomfortable，not to mention the cold. 知识拓展 mention v&n. 提到；涉及 mention sth.to sb. 向某人提及某事 mention doing sth. 提及做某事 dont mention it 不用谢；别客气 make (no) mention of (没)提及 即学即练 单句语法

19、填空 Nobody mentioned anything to me about it. The statement made no mention of government casualties. He didnt mention taking(take) sleeping pills regularly. Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 不定式作表语 (教材 P38) My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting.

20、 我的任务是在加拿大传染病专家艾玛任职结束后接替她。 句式分析：本句中 to relieve Emma 是不定式短语，在句中作表语。 例 1 To him，the first important thing was to save lives.对他来说，最重要 的事情就是拯救生命。 例 2 His wish is to become a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。 造句 我们想从实践中学习。 What we want is to learn from practice. 知识拓展 (1)在用不定式作表语的句子中， 系动词除 be 外， 还有 seem， happen， ap

21、pear， get，pretend 等。 (2)句中如果主语部分有实义动词 do 的各种形式，作表语的不定式实际上是 do 的引申，即表示 do 所做的内容，这时不定式可省略 to。 即学即练 单句语法填空 The only thing I can do now is (to) go(go) on by myself. He appears to have caught(catch) cold. 重点句式2 It is the first/second time从句 (教材 P40) It is not the first time the author has worked with MSF

22、. 这不是作者第一次与无国界医生合作。 句式分析：本句中 it is the first time 后面跟从句，从句谓语用现在完成时； 如果前面换为 was，从句谓语用过去完成时。 例 1 It is the first time that I have the courage to write something in English in my blog. 这是我第一次有勇气在博客上用英文写点东西。 例 2 It is the first time that I have ever seen a man so young and so wise. 我是第一次看到这么年轻而又聪明的人。 造句

23、 这是她一生中第一次住在城市里。 It is the first time that she has ever lived in a city in her entire life. 知识拓展 (1)its time to do sth.是做某事的时候了。 (2)its (high) time that.是做某事的时候了(从句谓语用 should do 或一般过去 式) 即学即练 单句语法填空 You have now finished your first sprint, so its time to start(start) on the next one. Its time that w

24、e should take/took(take) action and do our bits for the AIDS patients. 教材 高考 1.But it is vital not to take any chances. (2019天 津 卷 )Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. 2.I knew I was putting my life at risk. (2018 江苏卷) The report found that youngste

25、rs felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock. 3.It assists people based on need, (2018 全国卷) He assists her in cooking matters. regardless of which country they are from. .单句语法填空 1He called and called but no one came to his ass

26、istance(assist) 2Your offer is tempting, but I cant risk losing(lose) my job to do it. 3He does not seem to be an old man in his eighties(eighty), considering his appearance. 4 He is devoted to educating(educate) the younger generation, and content to be, so to speak, a rung of the human ladder. 5Ou

27、r first task was to create(create) a new administrative system. 6This is the first time that I have felt(feel) really relaxed for months. 7Did she make any mention of having seen(see) me? 8People catch all kinds of infections(infection) in winter. 9In the university you can specialize in the humanit

28、ies or the natural sciences. 10As a parent, it is vital that you should teach(teach) your child the value of money. .短语填空 at risk；not to mention；in his 50s；assist.with；devotion to 1These tools can then assist you with problem resolution. 2Their lack of training could put members of the public at ris

29、k 3 When Marx was already in his 50s, he found it important to study the situation in Russia. 4Nevertheless, he showed great affection and devotion to his master. 5He has two big houses in this country，not to mention his villa in France. .课文语法填空 When I saw the tragic scenes on the news, I felt it wa

30、s my duty 1.to go(go) there and offer my help.I knew I was putting my life at risk.There are no borders for doctors, patients and anyone 2.involved(involve) in combating Ebola. My mission was to relieve Emma, 3.who talked me through the daily routine and introduced my 4.colleagues(colleague)I was th

31、e only Chinese doctor among them.I felt a growing sense of 5.pride(proud), working with persons I met.Although the 6.death(die) rate is high, we never gave up on a patient.When a family of six were sent to the clinic, we knew there was little hope for the brothers, but we did everything we could 7.t

32、o save(save) them.We were 8.amazed(amaze) to see both boys were still alive.This unexpected success compensated for many other less 9.fortunate(fortune) cases. The tireless work will go on.It is 10.absolutely(absolute) essential for us to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.