Unit 5 泛读技能初养成 同步教材讲解 （新教材）外研版（2020）英语选择性必修第一册.doc

1、1 阅读“Reading 2”中的材料，选出最佳选项。 1Which is NOT a bean plant does when it is attacked by insects? ATo release tiny amounts of chemical to warn its neighbour. BTo release chemical to drive the insects away. CTo release chemical to drive the wasps. DTo release chemical to attract wasps. 2How can a chilli pl

2、ant tell if its neighbouring plants is helpful? ABy producing chemical. BBy sounds. CBy wood wide web. DBy insects. 3Why “wood wide web”is similar to the Internet we use? ABecause it can use it to communicate. BBecause it is linked together. CBecause it can share information. DBecause it can share f

3、ood. 答案 13 CBB Words And Phrases 知识要点 1 characteristic n特征，特性 ( 教 材 P53) Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. 格里哥 孟德尔之所以选择豌豆作为研究对象， 是因为豌豆的特性易于控制。 例 The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society. 需要交流是人类社会最重要的一个特征。 造句 这两组儿童具有截然

4、不同的特点。 The two groups of children have quite different characteristics. 2 知识拓展 (1)characteristic adj. 典型的；独特的；特有的 be characteristic ofbe typical of 是的典型特征 (2)character n. 性格，特征；人物，角色；字体 即学即练 单句语法填空 Fiction is the essential characteristic of the drama. The characteristics(characteristic) of the machi

5、ne are fully detailed in our brochure. 知识要点 2 blame v责怪，指责；把归咎于 (教材 P53) The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans. 平塔岛龟的灭绝要归咎于人类。 例 1 She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers death. 她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。 例 2 How can I blame him? It wasnt intentional. 我怎么能怪他呢？那又不是有意的。 造句 别责怪他。他总还是个孩子。

6、 Dont blame him.After all，hes only a child. 知识拓展 即学即练 单句语法填空 While we cant change the body type we are born with，we cant blame our genes for making us fat. The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving. The driver was not to blame(blame) for the traffic accident. You must bear the

7、 blame for the accident. 3 知识要点 3 decline vi.下降；减少；衰退；拒绝；谢绝 n下降；衰退； 衰退期 (教材 P53) After goats in particular had been brought to the island，the Pinta Island tortoise population declined. 特别是山羊被带到岛上后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。 例 1 The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000. 员工人数已从 217 000 人减少到 114 000 人

8、。 例 2 The company reported a small decline in its profits.公司报告其利润略 有减少。 造句 他要给男孩们拿些咖啡。他们礼貌地拒绝了。 He offered the boys some coffee.They declined politely. 知识拓展 (1)decline(from.)to. (从)下降/减少到 decline by 下降/减少了 decline doing/to do sth. 婉言拒绝做某事 (2)fall into (a) decline 开始衰落，衰弱下去；走下坡路 a decline in 的下降 in d

9、ecline 在下降，在衰退 即学即练 单句语法填空 Since the beginning of 2019，the price of worldwide milk products has declined by 3.8%. Industry in Britain has been in decline since the 1970s. He declined going/to go(go) to the party with her. 知识要点 4 detect v发现，察觉(尤指不易察觉到的事物) (教材 P56) When another bean plant detects the

10、chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals. 当另一棵豆秧察觉到从它受伤的邻居身上释放出的这些化学物质时， 它开始 释放自己的不同化学物质。 例 1 The dentist could detect no decay in her teeth. 牙科医生检查了她的牙，没有发现龋齿。 4 例 2 The tests are designed to detect the disease early. 这些检查旨在早期查出疾病。 造句 我能觉察到老人脸上的一丝悲伤。 I c

11、ould detect a certain sadness in the old mans face. 知识拓展 (1)detect sb.in doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事(坏事) (2)detective n. 侦探 detection n. 侦查，发现，发觉 即学即练 单句语法填空 He was detected in cheating(cheat) in the exam. The detective(detect) was trying to winkle information out of her. Last year the detection(detect) ra

12、te for car theft was just 13%. Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 be said to 据说 (教材 P56) Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. 据说亚历山大大帝和马可波罗在印度都去看过这样一棵树。 句式分析：sb./sth.is said.，是一个被动语态的谓语形式，常译为“据 说”，此结构中被动语态的谓语动词后总是跟一个不定式。 例 1 He was said to have lost his will to li

13、ve. 据说他已经失去了生存的意志。 例 2 They are said to control large parts of the east and south of the country. 据说他们控制了该国东部和南部的大片地区。 造句 据说她是一位剪纸大师。 She is said to be a master of paper cutting. 知识拓展 (1)本句型中的不定式可用一般时、进行时或完成时，分别表示与谓语动词 动作同时发生或在其后发生的动作或状态、 与谓语动词动作同时发生的进行动作 或在谓语动词动作之前发生的完成动作。 (2)类似句型： 5 sb./sth.is bel

14、ieved/reported to do sth. It is believed/thought/hoped/reported that. 人们相信/认为/希望/据报道 即学即练 单句语法填空 He is said to be writing(write) another novel about the same theme. She is said to have gone(go) abroad. America is reported (report) to declare war on Iran likely. 重点句式 2 way 后面跟定语从句 (教材 P57) Scientists

15、 are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. 科学家们每天都在了解更多关于植物相互交流的秘密方式。 句式分析：本句是一个复合句，in which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 ways。 例 I liked the open，honest way in which the man talked to me. 我喜欢那个人和我坦率、诚恳的谈话方式。 造句 这是他记住单词的最好方法。 This is the best way in which he can remember

16、the words. 知识拓展 (1)way 后面的定语从句还可以用 that 引导，或不用关系词。 (2)way 作先行词， 如果关系词在从句中作主语、 宾语， 只能用 that 或 which， 作宾语时，that 及 which 均可省略；作状语时，关系词用 that 或 in which，并且 还可省略。 即学即练 单句语法填空 Im disgusted with the way that/in which he was treated. I couldnt understand the way that/which he introduced to me. 排序题 排序题的考查形式是

17、在选项中列举一些具体的事实， 然后对这些事实进行排 序。 6 例文 A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy， nine， restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzys

18、mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father， so decided to use CPR. However，she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough，so she stamped on her fathers chest instead. 方法技巧： 要求考生 根据事件发生的先后顺 序和句子之间的逻辑关 系， 找出事件发生、 发展 的正确顺序， 解题方法可 采用“首尾

19、定位法”。 即 先找出第一个事件和最 后一个事件， 迅速缩小选 择范围， 从而快速选出正 确答案。 Whats the right order of the events? Izzy kicked Colm. Debbie called 999. Izzy learned CPR. Colms heart stopped. A B C D 答案 C 请快速排出下列事件的正确顺序 People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.Once at the store， a shopper can use a preferred

20、customer card to start a system (系统) that will organize the trip around the store.If youre looking for toothpicks，you type in the word or pick it from a list，and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them. Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts？( ) aStart the system. bMake a shopping list. cFind the things you want. 7 dGo to a self- checkout stand. Aabdc Bbacd Cacbd Dbcad 答案 B