医学英语全册完整教学课件2.ppt

1、医学英语全册完整教学课件医学英语全册完整教学课件2 3 The whole book consists of 16 units. We are scheduled to finish one unit in one week. It is a good chance for both the teacher and students to learn from each other. Brief Introduction 4 1. Objectives of the course: terminology reading skills 2. Teaching methodology: inst

2、ruction task-based language teaching Course Guide 5 3. What you need to bring to the class: 1) textbooks 2) paper and pen 4. Assessment: 1) final exam: 70% 2) oral presentation: 10% 3) classroom performance: 10% 4) homework: 10% Unit 1 The Respiratory System respiratory adj. respiration n. respire v

3、. bronchus - singular bronchi - pl. cilium - singular cilia- pl. ole-small bronchus bronchiole bronchial adj. bronchus bronchi epi-above上上 epithelial epithelium allergy n. 过敏，敏感症过敏，敏感症 allergic a. 过敏的过敏的 allergen n. 过敏原过敏原 olfactory a. 嗅觉的嗅觉的 olfaction n. 嗅觉嗅觉 lymphatic 淋巴腺的淋巴腺的 lymphocyte 淋巴细胞淋巴细胞

4、lymph 淋巴淋巴 lymph node 淋巴结淋巴结 -oid like adeno-腺腺 adenoid anatomy-解剖解剖 trachea-气管气管 tracheotomy Brief Introduction Questions for Paragraph 1-3. 1.What roles does the respiratory system play? 2.What is respiration ? How does it work? a. intake of O2 and removal of CO2 b. helping regulate the balance of

5、 acid and base in tissues c. protecting the body against disease- causing organisms and toxic substances inhaled with air d. housing the cells that detect smell e. assisting in the production of sounds for speech 2. The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to deliver oxygen to cells and

6、 remove carbon dioxide in a two-phase process called respiration. The first phase The second phase Structure Structure of the respiratory system nose, pharynx larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs Nasal Passages 1.Roles of the nasal passages? 2.Functions of the filtering? 3.What will a cold o

7、r allergies affect the nasal passages? 1. a. transport air to the pharynx b. filter the air to remove potentially disease-causing particles c. moisten and warm air to protect the structures in the respiratory system d. House cells which are involved in the sense of smell a. Filtering prevents airbor

8、ne bacteria, viruses, other potentially disease- causing substances from entering the lungs, where they may cause infection. b. It also eliminates smog and dust particles , which 2. 1. Functions: 2. the adenoids tonsil the palatine tonsils the lingual tonsils The Pharynx 1. a. removes impurities fro

9、m the air b. serves as an air passage c. houses the tonsils pharyngeal tonsil palatine tonsil lingual tonsil palatine tonsil lingual tonsil 咽扁桃体咽扁桃体 腭扁桃体腭扁桃体 舌扁桃体舌扁桃体 The larynx 1. Roles: 2. If food and liquid enter the larynx, what will happen and what measures should be taken? a. It transports air

10、 to the trachea. b. It produces sound. c. It prevents food and fluid from entering the air passage to cause choking. d. Its mucous membranes and cilia- bearing cells help filter air. choking tracheotomy The Trachea, Bronchi, and Bronchioles trachea bronchi bronchioles Class work functions nasal pass

11、ages the pharynx the larynx Write a report on “The respiratory system” and you can focus on any aspect you are interested in. Prepare for the oral presentation (10 minutes) using PowerPoint and present it next time. Homework UNIT 2 Passage A The Heart Lecturer: chen xiaori Key terms ventricle - vent

12、ricular (adj.) atrium - atria (pl.) - atrial (adj.) systole - systolic (adj.) diastole - diastolic (adj.) di- : expand cardiac adj. of the heart skeletal muscle 骨骼肌 smooth muscle 平滑肌 striated adj. 横纹的 intercalated disc 闰盘 the Purkinje fiber 浦肯雅纤维 the Bundle of His 房室束 atrial 心房的心房的 sinus- 窦窦 sinoatr

13、ial ventricular atrium atrioventricular septum separate, divide septal a. 隔膜的 scope: instrument stetho: chest stethoscope oxygenate oxygenated blood 含氧血 deoxygenated blood 缺氧血 small artery arteriole bronchiole vein venule small vary, change varicose artery - arterial vein - venous aorta - aortic The

14、 anatomy of the Heart Read Para.1 1. compare skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. 2. What is unique about cardiac muscles? skeletal muscle voluntary striated smooth muscle involuntary smooth cardiac muscle involuntary striated cross-striation: 横纹横纹 myocyte：肌细胞：肌细胞 nuclei: 核核(nucleus

15、 的复数的复数) intercalated disc 1.What are the functions of the atria? 2.What are the functions of the ventricles? 3.What are the functions of the valves? Questions for Paragraph 2 1. The atria are responsible for receiving blood from the veins . 2. Ventricles force the blood away from the heart . 3. Val

16、ves allow blood to flow only in one direction. 1.What initiate impulses in the heart? 2.What is the major function of the Purkinje fibers? And how do they work? 3.What is the pacemaker of the heart? And why? Questions for Paragraph 3 1. The SA and the AV initiate impulses. 2. The Purkinje fibers for

17、m a pathway for conduction of the impulse which ensures that the heart muscle cells contract in the most efficient pattern. 3. The SA node. Because the cells in the SA node contract the most times per minute, and cardiac muscle cells are connected to each other by intercalated discs. 房室束房室束 左右束支左右束支

18、 1.What is systole? 2.What is diastole? Questions for Paragraph 4 diastole systole 1. How does the pulmonary circuit work? 2. How does the systemic circuit work? 3. What kind of blood do arteries and veins carry respectively? The pulmonary and systemic circuits Questions for Paragraph 5-6 1. In the

19、pulmonary circuit, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary arteries, goes to the lungs, and returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins. 2. In the systemic circuit, blood leaves the heart through the aorta, goes to all the organs of the body through the systemic arteries, and then returns

20、to the heart through the systemic veins. 3. Most of the time, arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood. But there are exceptions, the pulmonary arteries leaving the right ventricle for the lungs carry deoxygenated blood and the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood. The he

21、art is supplied with oxygenated blood by _. Para.7 coronary artery 回旋动脉 左前降动脉 The blood vessels What are the three types of vessels ? And what are their characteristics and functions? Questions for Paragraph 8-9 characteristics functions arteries veins capillari es have layers of smooth muscles and

22、elastic muscles, elastic have layers of smooth muscles and elastic muscles, have valves very thin and branching Expand to accept the blood being forced into them from the heart, and squeeze this blood on to the veins when the heart relaxes Circulate the blood back to the heart. Arteries carry it awa

23、y from the heart, also the veins carry blood at lower pressures and carries de-oxygenated blood. In the capillaries, the exchange between the blood and the cells of the body take place; the blood releases its oxygen and takes on carbon dioxide. Class work functions atria ventricles valve coronary ar

24、tery lymphatic tonsil adenoid palatine bronchiole epiglottis tracheotomy cavity pharynx larynx trachea bronchus cilum mucus epithelial mucous membrane Terms Revision HOMEWORK Write a report on “circulatory system” and you can focus on any aspect you are interested in. Prepare for the oral presentati

25、on (10 minutes) using PowerPoint and present it next time. The Digestive System Unit 3 Lecturer Chen Xiaori esophagus inside eat, consume bladder-膀胱，囊膀胱，囊 gall- 胆汁胆汁 gallbladder maltose -ose: sugar glucose gluc-/glyc-: sugar dissolve separate, remove detergent sterol 固醇固醇,甾酮甾酮 chole 胆的胆的 cholesterol

26、 cholecystokinin n. 缩胆囊素缩胆囊素 cholecystic adj. 胆囊的胆囊的 acetylcholine n. 乙酰胆碱乙酰胆碱 hormone gastrin secretin cholecystokinin pepsin renal:of the kidney adrenaline Introduction Use brief words to introduce the following terms. mucosa digestion mucosa Lining of the hollow organs of the digestive system tha

27、t contains tiny glands to help digest food. digestion A process by which food and drink are broken down into their smallest parts used by the body. a. swallowed. b. esophagus c. stomach d. small intestine e. intestinal walls f. colon Task: Explain the process of movement of food through the system.

28、Movement of Food Through the System Weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter can lead to a severe condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Typical movement of food through the system peristalsis Task: Read this part and fill in the following table. Production of Digestive Juices g

29、lands Juices produced functions in the mouth in the stomach in the pancreas in the liver in the intestine saliva gastric acid pancreatic juice digest the starch into smaller molecules digests protein break down the carbohydrate, fat and protein bile dissolve the fat into the watery contents of the i

30、ntestine intestinal fluid Produces some enzymes to help digest food Absorption and Transport of Nutrients Task To each kind of nutrients, who play the main role in the process of the breaking of molecules? nutrients broken down or absorbed by Carbohydr ates Protein Fats Vitamins Water and salt the s

31、aliva, the pancreatic juice, the lining of the small intestine. stomach juice, small intestine the bile acids the small intestine the small intestine How is the digestive process controlled How do the major hormones control digestion? ( gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin ) functions gastrin secretin

32、 cholecysto kinin causes the stomach to produce acid, necessary for the normal growth of the lining of causes the pancreas stimulates the stomach stimulates the liver causes the pancreas causes the gallbladder Nerve Regulators Two types of nerves help to control the action of the digestive system. a

33、orta vena cava atrium ventricle systole diastole artery vein capillary intercalated disk sinoatrial node atrioventricular node septum pulmonary stethoscope coronary artery valve terms review Classwork 1) esophagus 2) intestine 3) rectum 4) mucosa 5) peristalsis 6) enzyme 7) gland 8) pancreas 9) colo

34、n 10) saliva 11) carbohydrate 12) glucose 13) amino acid 14) cholesterol HOMEWORK Prepare for the oral presentation (10 minutes) about the digestive system using PowerPoint and present it next time. Unit 4 Urinary System 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 esophagus liver stomach gall bladder pancreas large intest

35、ine small intestine appendix rectum anus ureter abdominal 肾上腺肾上腺 皮质皮质 髓质髓质 肾盏肾盏 肾小体肾小体 肾盂肾盂 输尿管输尿管 骼动脉（静脉）骼动脉（静脉） 尿道尿道 骼总静脉骼总静脉 腹主动脉腹主动脉 肾静脉肾静脉 腹腔动脉腹腔动脉 renal corpuscle urine urinary urinate urination ureter urethra urea New Words nephron :kidney glomerulus: (pl.) glomeruli (bronchi-bronchus) (alveo

36、li-alveolus) osmosis: -sis, -asis, -osis 状态，病 （态）-peristalsis New Words proximate: adj. 近似的 proximal: adj. 近位的，基部的 distant: adj.遥远的 distal: adj. 远位的，末梢的 alkaline: -ine, -in 属于的，如的， 有性质的 Introduction 1.What is urine composed of? 2.What is filtration fraction? 3.The three precisely regulated processes

37、 that form urine are Brief Introduction 3 precisely regulated processes Filtration 1.The process of glomerular filtration. 2.The glomerular filtrate primarily consists of 3.Describe the term urea. osmosis 1.Define the term reabsorption. 2.Substances reabsorbed are 3.If the tubules can not absorb all

38、 the sugar, what will happen? Reabsorption portion reabsorbed by water nutrient glucose sodium and other ions most entire partial most part proximal tubules proximal tubules renal tubules tubular fluid 醛固酮 1.Define the term secretion. 2.Substances secreted are 3.How is the pH of the blood controlled

39、? Secretion afferent arteriole efferent arteriole glomerular capillaries Bowmans capsule peritubular capillaries renal vein 1. filtration 2. reabsorption 3. secretion 4. excretion HOMEWORK Write a report on “structure and function of the kidneys” . Prepare for the oral presentation (10 minutes) on t

40、he above topic using PowerPoint and present it next time. Class work 1.What are the components of urine? 2.What does glomerular filtrate consist of ? 3.What substances are reabsorbed? pancreas rectum cholesterol gland enzyme mucosa tract saliva esophagus gall bladder carbohydrate peristalsis starch

41、bile glucose amino acid terms revision -3 aorta vena cava atrium ventricle systole diastole colon sinoatrial node septum pulmonary stethoscope coronary artery valve capillary vein terms revision -2 pharynx larynx trachea bronchus cilium mucus goblet cell olfactory lymphatic tonsil tracheotomy epithe

42、lial palatine nostril terms revision -1 Thank You Unit 5 Female Reproductive System ovum(ova) 卵子 oval 卵形的 ovary 卵巢 ovarian 卵巢的 ovulate v. 排卵 ovulation n. oviduct 输卵管 ovary fallopian tube uterus endometrium ovary cervix vulva vagina New Words menstrual menstruation menarche menopause menorrhagia 月经过多

43、月经过多 menorrhalgia痛经痛经 mensal 一月一次的 New Words blastocyst -cyst: bladder bile cyst 胆囊 (gall bladder / cholecyst) cystitis 膀胱炎 New Words endo-: inner- endoscope endometrium endocardiac心内的心内的 endoparasite体内寄生虫体内寄生虫 endocrine 内分泌的内分泌的 estrogen female hormone androgen: male sex hormone pregnant progestero

44、ne female hormone Introduction 1. Please give a brief definition of the term “reproduction”. 2. What are the two kinds of sex cells? the male gamete: sperm the female gamete: ovum structure of the female reproductive system Please read Para. 3-6 1. What are the females external reproductive organs?

45、2. What are the females internal reproductive organs? 3. What are the three purposes that vagina serves? 1. vulva- mons pubis, labia, clitoris and pubic hair (after sexually mature). 2. vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. ovary cervix uterus vagina fallopian tube 1 2 3 4 5 structure of the

46、 female reproductive system Please read Para. 7-9. normal size size during pregnancy or childbirth cervix uterus size functions follopian tube ovary normal size size during pregnancy or childbirth cervix no wider than a straw expand to allow a baby to pass uterus 7.5 cms long, 5 cms wide expand to a

47、ccomodate a fetus, contract to help push the baby out size functions ovary 4-5 cms, oval-shaped, produce, store, and release ova into the follopian tubes follopian tube 10 cms, spaghetti, sewing needle, tiny hairs help push ova down toward the uterus fimbria 子宫内膜子宫内膜 子宫肌层子宫肌层 子宫外膜子宫外膜 子宫口子宫口(内内) 阔韧带阔韧带 子宫底子宫底 子宫体子宫体 输卵管漏斗输卵管漏斗