Unit 2 教学·知识细解码 同步教材讲解 （新教材）外研版（2020新版）英语必修第三册.doc

1、1/10 1contribute v贡献，处理，投稿 contribution n贡献 2short adj.短的，不足的；矮的shortage n短缺，不足，缺乏 3effect n影响，效果，作用 effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的 4recycle v再利用，回收利用recycled adj.回收再利用的 5earn v挣(钱)earner n挣钱者 6donate v捐赠，捐献 donation n捐款，捐赠；捐赠物 7real adj.实际的，真实的 reality n真实，现实 1contribution n捐款；定期缴款；贡献；促成作用；稿件 All contri

2、butions for the May issue must be received by Friday. 稿件 He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project. 贡献 These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing accidents. 促成作用 The factory still hands in monthly contributions for the laid- off workers. 定期缴款 After he

3、 earned a large amount of money，he made a contribution to charity. 捐款 2well adv.很好地；充分地 adj.情况良好的；健康的 n.井 The conference was very well organized. 很好地 The farmer dug a well in his backyard to get clean water. 井 The surface must be well prepared before you start to paint. 充分地 I dont feel very well so

4、I dont go shopping with you. 健康的 As we all know，all is well that ends well. 情况良好的 Words and Phrases 知识要点1 contribution n贡献；捐赠；投稿 (教材 P13) the contribution these people made to society 这些人为社会所做 2/10 出的贡献 例 1 All contributions will be gratefully received. 我们对所有捐资表示感谢。 例 2 The school sees its job as pr

5、eparing students to make a contribution to society. 这所学校以培养学生为社会做贡献为己任。 造句 他们在书中没有提及她的贡献。 They didnt mention her contribution in the book. 知识拓展 (1)make a contribution/contributions to 对做出贡献 (2)contribute v. 捐赠；捐献；贡献；促成；导致；投稿 contribute.to. 把捐献给；给投稿 contribute to. 做出贡献；有助于；导致 即学即练 单句语法填空 Overeating a

6、nd lack of regular exercise easily contribute to overweight and high blood pressure. We contributed 5，000 to the earthquake fund. 小片段填空 Many people contributed money to Project Hope，which contributed to many children returning to school.A teacher wrote an article about this and contributed it to a n

7、ewspaper.Such contribution made us feel excited. 许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子重返校园。一位老师据此写了一篇文章 并向报社投了稿。这种捐献让我们很激动。 知识要点2 relief n减轻，缓解 (教材 P13) The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried， is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed. 病人

8、在仔细清洗和干燥皮肤后所感受到的宽慰和舒适程度， 是在病床上最常 见的观察结果之一。 3/10 例 1 Street music gives life to everyone who listens and offers relief from the care of the day. 但是街头音乐赋予了每位倾听者以活力，让人们减轻了生活的烦恼。 例 2 I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination. 当我听说我考试通过的时候，我感到轻松多了。 造句 能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。 It was a relief

9、 to be able to talk to someone about it. 知识拓展 to ones relief 使某人欣慰的是 relieve v. 解除，减轻 即学即练 单句语法填空 Much to her relief，she saw the door open. She longed for something to relieve (relief)the tiredness of everyday life. 知识要点3 under control 在控制中；情况正常 (教材 P13) .its the best smile in the world；and theres n

10、obody hurt，and the wells under control. 它是世界上美好的微笑；无人受伤并且油井得以控制。 例 1 If the current violence is to be brought under control，the government needs to act. 政府必须采取行动，才能使目前的暴力行为得到控制。 例 2 If our neighbor continues to refuse to keep his dog under control，we have to take him to court. 如果我们的邻居继续拒绝对他的狗加以控制，我们

11、就不得不控告他了。 造句 幸运的是，消防员一来到大火就控制住了。 Luckily，the big fire was under control as soon as the firefighters came. 知识拓展 “undern.”表示正在进行的动作或表示被动意义，其中名词前不用冠词。 under construction 正在建设中 under repair 在修理中 under discussion 在讨论中 4/10 under treatment 正在接受治疗 即学即练 单句语法填空 There are four underground lines in this city，a

12、nd several lines are under construction. The question under discussion (discuss)is about education of preschool children. 知识要点4 shortage n短缺，不足，缺乏 (教材 P14) Freshwater shortage(less than 1，000 m3/capita/year)淡水短缺(不 到 1 000 立方米/人/年) 例 1 There is no shortage of things to do in the town. 城里不愁找不到活儿干。 例 2

13、 Shortage of hands has reduced our factorys yearly output. 人手不足已使我们厂的年产量减少。 造句 张先生似乎认为他的工厂存在劳动力不足的现象。 Mr Zhang seems to believe there is a shortage of workers. 知识拓展 short adj. 短的；不足的；矮的，低的 be short for 简称，缩写 be short of 缺少 即学即练 单句语法填空 PRC is short for the Peoples Republic of China. We are short of h

14、ands(hand)right now. 小片段填空 WHO is short for World Health Organization，which is devoted to helping improve the worlds health condition.But now it is short of enough experienced medical workers.And it also finds the shortage of freshwater made the living conditions worse in some countries. WHO 是世界卫生组织

15、的简称，该组织主要致力于改善全世界的健康状况。 但是现在它缺乏足够多有经验的医务人员。 并且它发现淡水的缺乏使一些国家的 生活条件更差。 5/10 知识要点5 earn vt.挣(钱) (教材 P14) At first，his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.起初，他的计划是赚些钱在非洲某个地方打一口井。 例 1 How much does a cook earn in your country? 在你们国家，一位厨师能挣多少钱？ 例 2 I want to earn a lot of mon

16、ey when I grow up. 长大后，我想挣大钱。 造句 他工作很努力，但钱赚得不多。 He works hard，but he does not earn much money. 知识拓展 earn moneymake money 挣钱 earn ones/a living 谋生 earn ones fame/a reputation 赢得名声 即学即练 单句语法填空 How does she earn her (she) living after she left her family? He has earned (earn) a good reputation as a tea

17、cher since he graduated. 小片段填空 After graduating from college，he decided to be a doctor in a small mountain village.Although he didnt earn much money，he earned a great reputation among the villagers.At first，his parents wondered how he earned his living on such little money but gradually they underst

18、ood him. 大学毕业后，他决定去一个小山村当医生。尽管挣钱不多，但是他在村民中 声誉很好。开始他的父母很疑惑他靠那一点钱怎么谋生，但是逐渐地他们理解了 他。 知识要点6 give up 放弃，停止 (教材 P15) Two thousand dollars was a lot of money，but Ryan didnt give up. 两千美元是一大笔钱，但是瑞恩没有放弃。 例 1 The following are some ideas to help people to give up smoking. 下面是一些帮助人们戒烟的方法。 例 2 She will give up

19、this journey if the weather isnt so satisfying. 6/10 如果天气不那么让人满意，她将放弃这次旅行。 造句 没有人能让他放弃他当篮球运动员的梦想。 No one can make him give up his dream of becoming a basketball player. 知识拓展 give in (to) 屈服(于) give out 分发；用光；放出 give away 赠送；泄露 即学即练 单句语法填空 Can you give out the papers to the students present，please? I

20、f a person has not had enough sleep，his action will give him away during the day. 知识要点7 break into a smile 突然笑起来 (教材 P15) He broke into a joyful smile. 他突然开心地笑了起来。 例 1 He is always serious and it is very hard to make him break into a smile. 他总是很严肃，很难让他突然笑起来。 例 2 While reading a storybook，the young g

21、irl broke into a smile suddenly. 读故事书的时候，小女孩突然笑了起来。 造句 这名学生往教室跑着，突然大笑了起来。 The student broke into a big smile as she came to her classroom. 知识拓展 break into 破门而入；强行闯入 break down 出故障；垮掉 break out 爆发；突然发生 即学即练 单句语法填空 Our car broke down on the way and whats worse，it was getting dark. His home was broken

22、(break) into last night and he lost his new bike. Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 have trouble (in)doing sth.在方面有困难；做某事费力 (教材 P14) As a six- year- old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing 7/10 the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldnt get enough clean

23、water. 当瑞恩还是一个 6 岁的加拿大小学生时， 他很难相信他的老师所说的非洲发 展中国家的许多人得不到足够的清洁水的话。 句式分析：该句是一个复合句。the words 后面的部分是过去分词作定语， 其中的 that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 words 的内容。该句主句的句式是 have trouble (in) doing sth.，表示做某事有困难。 例 1 We had a lot of trouble in finding your home. 我们费了好大的劲儿才找到你家。 例 2 I have great trouble remembering all these num

24、bers in a short time. 短时间内记住这所有的数字很费劲。 造句 我知道我想说什么，但我觉得难以向别人表达清楚。 I know what I want to say but I have trouble (in) expressing it clearly to others. 知识拓展 have much/some/little/no difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth. 做有很大/一些/很少/没有困难 have difficulty/trouble/problem with sth. 在方面有困难 have a hard/g

25、ood time (in) doing sth. 做某事经历困难/愉快的时光 翻译 The students have great difficulty with(有困难) this type of sentence. We had a good time(很开心) in playing tennis. 即学即练 单句语法填空 The children are having fun in playing (play) hide- and- seek. You cant imagine the trouble we had finishing (finish) the work ahead of

26、 time. 重点句式2 so.that.如此以至于 (教材 P14) And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick? 为什么水如此脏以至于使他们生病？ 句式分析：该句是一个复合句。 so 为副词，修饰形容词 dirty；that 为连词， 8/10 引导结果状语从句。 例 1 The teacher explained the English grammar so clearly that even I could understand it. 老师把英语语法解释的如此清晰，以至于甚至我都能听明白。 例 2 I was so ex

27、cited that I could not speak. 我很激动以至于说不出话来了。 造句 他今天早晨起得早，因此比其他所有同学早到校。 He got up so early this morning that he got to school ahead of all the other classmates. 知识拓展 (1)so adj./adv. adj.a（n）n. many/much/few/little（少）n. that- clause (2)such a（n）adj.可数名词单数 adj.可数名词复数 adj.不可数名词 that- clause 翻译 He told u

28、s so interesting a story(这么有趣的一个故事) that we all laughed. He told us such an interesting story(这么有趣的一个故事) that we all laughed. 即学即练 单句语法填空 The stone is so heavy (heavily) that I cant lift it up. They are such little children that they cant do anything. (教材 P14) He soon reached his first target of $70

29、， but when he gave the money to a charity，he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well. 分析 此句为 but 连接的并列复合句。but 前面是一个主谓宾结构的分句； 后面的分句是一个主从复合句，when 引导的是时间状语从句；he was told 后面 是 that 引导的宾语从句。 译文 他很快就实现了第一个 70 美元的目标，但当他把钱捐给慈善机构 时，他被告知打一口井实际上需要 2 000 美元。 9/10 教材 高考 1.the contribution these peo

30、ple made to society (2018 全国卷) .old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. 2.The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried，is o

31、ne of the commonest observations made at a sick bed. (2018 江苏卷) There was no cure， only pain relief. 3.This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six- year- old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. (2017 全国卷) But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than a

32、nyone to making the flying car a reality. .单句语法填空 1These reforms made great contributions(contribution) to the stability of the economy. 2To her relief(relieve)，her husband came home safe and sound at last. 3 Training didnt result in good results and was much less effective (effective)than expected.

33、 4There is no heating available due to fuel shortages(shortage) 5Jack and his wife donated (donate) many of their used clothes to a charity. 6We had great trouble making him understand (understand) what we taught him. 7He really made a great difference to the world by his own efforts. 8So many peopl

34、e in the village benefited from the volunteers timely help. 9We could see the delighted (delight) workers jumping happily with the salary in hand. 10/10 10The water here was so dirty that even the animals didnt want to drink. .短语填空 give up； be determined to； make a contribution； turn out； be gratefu

35、l to； benefit from；at the same time；under control；make a difference；rise to ones feet 1Many people in the world have benefited from the arrival of 5G till now. 2When the hero arrived home，the whole village turned out to greet him. 3No one could help you give up smoking unless you are willing to. 4We

36、 should be grateful to whoever helped us on our way to success. 5Once he was determined to quit his job，no one could change him. 6We will never forget the people who made a contribution to society. 7He left his office suddenly.At the same time，his cellphone powered off. 8When the teacher asked him t

37、o answer the question，he rose to his feet 9I think we should all work for peace.Each of us can make a difference 10If you have diabetes，remember to keep your blood sugar under control .课文语法填空 Ryan is a 1.Canadian (Canada) schoolboy who wanted to make 2.a difference for the world.After learning the n

38、ews of freshwater 3.shortage (short) in African countries， he made his plan 4.to earn(earn) money to build a well.He cleaned windows 5.and did gardening for others and finally got enough money with the help of people around him.In Uganda he saw the well and many 6.delighted(delight) students.7.Later(late)，his experience led him 8.to set (set)up a foundation to help more people.9.What Ryan did really inspire more people to make their dreams a 10.reality(real)