Unit 3 教学·知识细解码 同步教材讲解（2020新外研版）英语必修第二册.doc

1、 1surf v冲浪surfing n冲浪(运动) 2 represent v 代表， 表示representation n 代表， 描绘representative n 代 表 adj.典型的，有代表性的 3base v以为基础basis n基础；根据basic adj.基础的；根据的 basically adv.主要地，基本地 4equip v装备，配备equipment n装备，设备，用具 5defend v(在比赛中)防守，防卫defence n防守；防卫 6die v死，死亡dead adj.死的death n死，死亡dying adj.快要死 的 1represent v代表，表示

2、；描述，描绘 Mr.Black was chosen to represent the company at the conference. 代表 This painting represents the first settlers arriving in America. 描述，描绘 This essay represents a considerable improvement on your recent work. 表明，表示 2goal n球门；进球得分；目标，目的 He will keep goal in the football match tomorrow. 球门 The c

3、rowd cheered when the home team scored a goal. 进球得分 You should set yourself a goal at the beginning of each school year.目标， 目的 Words and Phrases 知识要点1 represent v 代表，表示，描述，描绘；意味着 (教材 P26) Talk about what you think these things represent in a football game. 谈谈你认为这些东西在足球比赛中代表什么。 例 1 The annual- rings

4、represent the amount of wood formed each year. 年轮代表着每年生成的木材量。 例 2 The figures represent a general decline in employment. 这些数字意味着就业人数总体在下降。 造句 地图上的红线表示铁路。 The red lines on the map represent railways. 知识拓展 (1)represent with 用代表 represent as 把描述成 represent oneself as 自称是 (2)representation n. 代表；描述 repr

5、esentative n. 代表 adj. 典型的，有代表性的 be representative of 代表的 即学即练 单句语法填空 The article represents the millionaire as a simple family man. This novel is a vivid representation(represent) of the darkness of that period. This case is representative of the attitudes of the police. 知识要点2 basis n基础；根据 (教材 P26)

6、That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. 足球是一项如此简单的运动，这也许是它受欢迎的基础。 例 1 The basis of her opinion is something she read in the magazine. 她的意见的依据是从杂志里看来的。 例 2 The article will form the basis for our discussion. 这篇文章将形成我们讨论的基础。 造句 我的理论是以可靠的事实作为根据的。 My theory is

7、 established on the solid basis of facts. 知识拓展 (1)on the basis of 在的基础上，根据 on a regular basis 定期 (2)base v. 以为依据 be based on 以为基础 即学即练 单句语法填空 Dont evaluate a person on the basis of appearance. I suggested that we meet on a regular basis to discuss the progress. The novel is based(base)on historical

8、facts. 知识要点3 equipment n装备，设备，用具 (教材 P26)You dont need expensive equipment; even the ball doesnt have to cost much money. 你不需要昂贵的设备，甚至球也不需要花很多钱。 例 1 The government has an interest in bringing in new equipment. 政府对引进新设备非常感兴趣。 例 2 With the modern equipment，our work was finished ahead of time. 有了现代设备，我

9、们的工作提前完成了。 造句 实验室起火后，大量设备被损坏了。 After a fire broke out in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged. 知识拓展 (1)a piece/set of equipment 一件/套设备 (2)equip vt. 装备 equip with 用装备 be equipped with 装备着 即学即练 单句语法填空 As students，we should equip ourselves with knowledge. Our new school is equipped(equip) with all th

10、e necessaries in teaching. I have been busy preparing all the broken office equipment(equip) these days. 小片段助记 Our school is equipped with advanced teaching equipment. 知识要点4 content n满意，满足；内容 v使满意，使满足 adj.满意的， 满足的 (教材 P26) All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts content with a ba

11、ll made of plastic bags; just like Pel did when he was a boy. 在世界各地， 你都可以看到孩子们尽情地玩着一个由塑料袋做成的球， 就像 贝利小时候那样。 例 1 This is a good book as far as its content is concerned. 就内容来说，这是一本好书。 例 2 We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only. 我们永远不要仅仅满足于书本知识。 造句 我们可以在河里尽情地游泳。 We can swim in the ri

12、ver to our hearts content. 知识拓展 (1)to ones hearts content 尽情地，心满意足地 (2)content oneself with 使自己满足于 (3)be content with sth. 满足于某事 be content to do sth. 满足于做某事 (4)contents 所含之物；(书的)目录 即学即练 单句语法填空 She dropped her purse and the contents(content) fell out on the floor. As there is no butter，we shall have

13、 to content ourselves with dry bread. My parents are content to live(live) in the countryside，where the air is clean and vegetables are fresh. 知识要点5 defend v(在比赛中)防守，防卫；保护，保卫；辩护 (教材 P26) You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional playershow they use their bodies to pass，score

14、 and defend can be amazing to see 你不必是一个球迷就能认识到职业球员的技术看到他们如何利用身体 传球、得分和防守是令人惊异的 例 1 The best way to defend is to attack. 最好的防御就是进攻。 例 2 We will defend our motherland to the last drop of our blood. 我们愿为保卫祖国流尽最后一滴血。 造句 无论付出什么样的代价，我们都要捍卫我们的城市。 We shall defend our city，whatever the cost may be. 知识拓展 (1)

15、defend from/against 保护免受；保卫抵御 (2)defence n. 防御；保卫；防御物 in defence of 保卫；为辩护 即学即练 单句语法填空 The wall was built to defend the road from being washed(wash) away by the sea. When he was in danger，two friends came to his defence(defend) More and more women today have learned to arise in defence of their lega

16、l rights. 小片段助记 In time of war，lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked. 知识要点6 put down 放下；记下；镇压 (教材 P27) World War had broken out months before， but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together 第一次

17、世界大战在几个月前就爆发了，但是英国和德国的士兵放下他们的 枪，一起踢足球 例 1 Let me put down your telephone number in case I forget it. 让我记下你的电话号码以免忘记。 例 2 They tried to put down the rebellion by force. 他们试图用暴力镇压叛乱。 造句 把那把刀子放下，以免伤人！ Put down that knife before you hurt somebody! 知识拓展 put away 把收起来，储存 put out 熄灭；扑灭；出版；生产 put off 推迟；延期

18、put up 举起，张贴；提供(价格)；留宿某人 put up with 忍受 即学即练 单句语法填空 Dont put off till tomorrow what can be done today. Put away the tools after work，will you? Smoking is forbidden here.Please put your cigarette out Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can put down almost every word her teacher says. 知识要

19、点7 conflict n武装冲突，战斗，战争，冲突，矛盾 v矛盾，冲 突，抵触 (教材 P27) one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict. 这是多年冲突中值得纪念的和平时刻。 例 1 Armed conflict may break out at any moment. 武装冲突有一触即发之势。 例 2 The two stories conflicted，so I did not know what to believe. 两个故事相冲突，我不知道相信哪一个。 造句 两国间的冲突终于导致了一场战争。 The conf

20、lict between the two countries finally caused a war. 知识拓展 (1)armed/military conflict 武装/军事冲突 come into conflict with 与发生冲突 in conflict with 与相冲突 (2)conflict with 与发生冲突 即学即练 单句语法填空 She often comes into conflict with her motherinlaw. She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future caree

21、r. If so，your points of view are bound to conflict with his. 知识要点8 a matter of 关乎的事情 (教材 P27) Some people believe football is a matter of life and death， 有些人认为足球是关系重大的事情， 例 1 I take this seriously.Its a matter of principle. 我对此很认真。这是原则问题。 例 2 Its a matter of luck whether we are successful. 我们是否成功是碰运

22、气的事。 造句 这是生死攸关的大事，不可掉以轻心。 Its a matter of life and death，and we cant treat it lightly. 知识拓展 a matter of opinion 看法(不同的)问题 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a matter of interest 出于兴趣 to make matters worse 使情况更糟的是 即学即练 单句语法填空 As a matter of fact，I know nothing about this book. I lost my way in the forest，and

23、 to make matters worse(bad)，it became dark. Whether or not he is any good as a manager is a matter of opinion. Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 given that 引导条件状语从句 (教材 P26) Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon，we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this wor

24、ld! 考虑到尼尔 阿姆斯特朗想把足球带到月球上，我们甚至可以说它也是地球 之外最受欢迎的运动！ 句式分析：given that 意为“考虑到，鉴于，如果，倘若，只要”，用作连 词引导条件状语从句。 例 1 Given that you had very little help，I think you did very well under the circumstances. 考虑到你帮手不多，我想在这种情况下，你已经干得不错了。 例 2 Given that there is no traffic delay，I will be there on time. 只要没有交通阻塞，我会按时到那

25、儿。 造句 如果他能再一次得到机会的话，他肯定会成功的。 Given that he can get another chance，he will surely succeed. 知识拓展 与 given that 用法类似的还有： provided (that) providing (that) 倘若；在情况/条件下 suppose/supposing (that) 倘若；在情况/条件下 翻译 You can use the room providing/provided/supposing that you keep it clean and tidy(只要你保持干净整洁) 即学即练 单句

26、语法填空 I will accompany you provided/providing(provide) that I am well enough. Given(give) that hes had six months to do this， he hasnt made much progress. Suppose/Supposing(suppose) that we miss the train，what shall we do? 重点句式2 it 作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语 (教材 P28) It is amazing to see how professional play

27、ers use their bodies to pass，score and defend. 看职业球员如何利用身体传球、得分和防守是令人惊异的。 句式分析：It is amazing to see 是句式“It isadj.to do sth.”意为“做 某事是的”，其中 it 作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。 例 1 It is interesting to look at differences between schools in different countries. 了解不同国家的学校之间的差异是很有趣的。 例 2 It is not easy to make him cha

28、nge his mind. 让他改变主意不容易。 造句 在这么短的时间内完成这项工作很难。 It is hard to finish the work in such a short time. 知识拓展 (1)在 It is adj. for sb.to do sth.句型中，形容词只能说明不定式所表示 的行为的性质或特点， 不能说明不定式动作的执行者。 能用于该结构的形容词有： difficult，easy，hard，important，impossible，necessary，possible 等。 (2)在 It is adj. of sb.to do sth.句型中， 形容词说明不定

29、式逻辑主语的品 行、性格、性质等，该句型通常可改为：sb. be adj. to do sth.。能用于 该结构的形容词有：nice，good，stupid，silly，careful 等。 (3)It is n to do sth.做某事是 It takes sb.sometime to do sth. 某人花费某些时间做某事 翻译 Sometimes its necessary for children to make their own choices(孩 子们有必要做出他们自己的选择) It is careless of you to make so many mistakes(你犯了

30、这么多错误太粗心了) in your composition. Its a pleasure to talk with you(和你谈话是件愉快的事) 即学即练 单句语法填空 It is much more difficult to judge(judge) oneself than to judge others. It is necessary for us to practise speaking English every day. It was crazy of you to go skating on such thin ice. It took them about half a

31、n hour to work out the difficult maths problem. 1(教材 P26)Football as we know it today started in Great Britain，where the game was given new rules. 分析：此句为主从复合句。Football started in Great Britain 是句子的主干，其 中 as we know it today 是 as 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 Football；逗号后面为 where 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Great Britain。 译文：我们

32、今天所知道的足球运动起源于英国， 在那里比赛被赋予了新的规 则。 2 (教材 P26)That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. 分析：此句为主从复合句。That football is such a simple game to play 是 that 引导的主语从句，其中 to play 为不定式作定语修饰 game；后面的 is perhaps the basis 构成系表结构。 译文：足球是一项非常简单的运动，这也许是它受欢迎的基础。 教材 高考 1.Talk a

33、bout what you think these things represent in a football game. (2019 天津卷) If special clothes are used， they should truly represent a given period. 2.Goals were hung in the air.Football as we know it today started in Great Britain (2019 全国卷) Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin.

34、 3.That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. (2018 全国卷)“Small talk is the basis of good manners， ” he says. 4.You dont need expensive equipment; even the ball doesnt have to cost much money. (2019 江苏卷) developing countries to buy computer equipment and Inter

35、net facilities. 5.All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts content with a ball (2019 全国卷)Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. 6.Another factor behind footballs global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field. (2019 浙江卷) according to a study to be

36、 published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素). 7 .how they use their bodies to pass， score and defend can be amazing to see (2018 浙江卷) one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. 8 .one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict. (201

37、7北 京 卷 ) whose objectives conflict with our own，with the real world as the chessboard. 9.Some people believe football is a matter of life and death， (2018天 津 卷 )She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. .单句语法填空 1Not many people love surfing(surf) on the Internet. 2Dont

38、 be content with such a small success. 3A computer is the most important piece of equipment(equip) you will buy. 4I think we should consider the two factors(factor) about the problem. 5What points can be raised in defence(defend) of this argument? 6I have the honor of being sent as their representat

39、ive(represent) 7Your statement is in conflict with the rest of the evidence. 8Some videos have been banned on the basis that they are too violent. 9Its impossible for me to be(be) there before eight. 10Given(give) that the contract is strictly carried out，we will give you another bigger contract. .短

40、语填空 go back，be known as，to ones hearts content，end with，whats more，break down，take for example，break out，put down，a matter of 1My interest in stamp collecting goes back to my school days. 2She is known as a successful singer and composer. 3The quality of the ambulance service is a matter of life and

41、 death. 4Its a useful book，and whats more，not an expensive one. 5Not long after his return，a local war broke out near his town. 6She put down the phone，sighed，and shook her head sadly. 7She took refuge in the library，where she read to her hearts content 8Its possible to recover from some types of ca

42、ncer.Take skin cancer for example 9The lecture ended with a poem of an ancient Chinese poet. 10The pills which contains this kind of chemical can break down the fat in the body. .课文语法填空 Nowadays，football is popular enough to attract millions of players and fans all over the world.It has a history th

43、at 1.goes(go) back over two thousand years to Ancient China.In fact，football we now play started in Great Britain，where the game 2.was given(give) new rules. The reasons why football is so popular are as follows：First，football is such a simple and cheap game to play 3.that you can see kids playing t

44、o their hearts content with a ball 4.made(make) of plastic bags; just like Pel did when he was a boy. The second one is that it is a game with 5.creativity(create) and excitement on the field.It is amazing 6.to see(see) how professional players use their bodies to pass， score and defend，or to feel t

45、he excitement of a game 7.ending(end) with a surprising twist. Whats more， football breaks 8.down walls and brings people together on and off the field.For example， British and German 9.soldiers(soldier) put down their guns and played football together on Christmas Day 1914.So just as Bill Shankly said， “Football is much more 10.than just a sport.”