2021年人教版英语中考一轮复习导学：八年级(上)Units 1-3.docx

1、2021 年人教版英语中考一轮复习导学：八年级(上)Units 1-3 熟词生义 1.wonder 熟义:v.想知道;琢磨 生义:n.奇迹;奇观 v.感到诧异;非常惊讶 (1)With a history of about 5,000 years,Stonehenge is one of the world wonders. 奇观 (2)However,I still wondered if I could read street signs,buy food and talk to people there. 想知道 2.program 熟义:n.节目 生义:n.程序;活动计划;日程;计划

2、(1)Joe Richman worked as a radio reporter and was looking for a new idea for a radio program. 节目 (2)Please get the program into the computer. 程序 (3)In China,an international communication program was started to send support to other countries. 活动计 划 3.full 熟义:adj.忙的;满的;充满的 生义:adj.吃饱了的;完整的;详尽的;圆的 (1)

3、I am full enough to eat nothing. 吃饱了的 (2)Then we eat mooncakes and enjoy the full moon.(译林牛津七上 Unit 5) 圆的 4.result 熟义:n.结果;后果 生义:v.(因而)产生;发生 n.成绩;得分 (1)I like math and I dream of achieving good research results like the top scientists. 结果 (2)How can the boy know his test results? 成绩 5.through 熟义:pre

4、p.以;凭借;穿过 生义:prep.自始至终,从头到尾 adv.(电话)接通 (1)On sunny days,you can enjoy the sunshine through the window. 穿过 (2)Whats more,its a great way to spend our free time by looking through those funny videos. 从头到尾 6.mind 熟义:n.头脑;心智 v.介意;对(某事)烦恼 生义:v.当心;留意;关心,照看(人或物) (1)Would you mind handing me a pair of servi

5、ng chopsticks? 介意 (2)Could you mind my bags for a moment? 照看 7.serious 熟义:adj.严肃的;稳重的 生义:adj.严重的;有危险的;当真的;认真的 (1)One way is just to follow them or talk about them with friends for fun.The other is a more serious way. 严肃 的 (2)Her vision(视力) problems were so serious that she became blind in the end. 严

6、重的 8.grade 熟义:n.成绩等级;评分等级;(美国学制)年级 生义:n.等级;品级 v.划分等级;给评分 (1)I am not telling you not to studyYou still should,but you can try studying less if it doesnt influence your grades. 成绩等级 (2)Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.

7、给评分 9.reach 熟义:v.伸手;到达;抵达 生义:v.实现;达到(某点);进入(某阶段);联系 (1)With the help from the community,another goal was reached in 2010the Kopila Valley School. 实现 (2)At weekends,the number of the riders in Shenzhen reaches the top of all cities. 达到(某点) 10.hand 熟义:n.手 生义:v.递;交;给 n.帮助 (1)He handed the teacher a pie

8、ce of paper and went out. 递 (2)Could you give me a hand? I cant move the box by myself. No problem. 帮助 11.touch 熟义:v.感动;触摸 生义:v.轻击;轻按 n.接触;联系 (1)For example,the phones help people get in touch with each other more conveniently and the Internet makes peoples life more colorful. 联系 (2)He has hardly to

9、uched the ball all game. 触摸 12.break 熟义:v.(使)破;裂;碎;损坏 n.休息;间隙 生义:v.违反;背弃;打破(纪录) (1)And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 违反 (2)During sunrise he would take a break and climb up on the fence(篱笆) along the side of the farm. 休 息 (3)I

10、n 2004,he won the first Olympic gold medal for China in the 110m hurdles race,and at the same time broke the Olympic Games record.(外研九上 Module 8) 打破(纪录) 高频考点归纳 考点 1 复合不定代词或副词的用法 【教材原句】 Oh,really?Did you go with anyone?哦,真的吗?你和别人一起去的吗?(P2) 1.构成: some someone/somebody something somewhere any anyone/an

11、ybody anything anywhere no no one/nobody nothing nowhere every everyone/everybody everything everywhere 注意:形容词修饰复合不定代词时,总是位于复合不定代词之后。 2.用法:复合不定代词在句中只能作主语、宾语和表语。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。复合不定副词 在句中一般作表语和状语,修饰动词或其他副词。例如: I did nothing.I just stayed there.我什么也没做,我就只是待在那里。(宾语) Is everybody here?大家都到了吗?(主语) He lo

12、oked for his bicycle everywhere,but he couldt find it.他到处找他的自行车,但没有找到。(状语) Your bike must be somewhere in the school.你的自行车一定在学校的某个地方。(表语) 活学活用 1.Who is at the door? A deliveryman(快递员) or wanting to sell his new products. A.everybody B.anybody C.somebody D.nobody 【解析】考查复合不定代词。句意:谁在敲门?快递员或者想要卖新产品的人。ev

13、erybody 意为“每个 人”;anybody 意为“任何人”;somebody 意为“某人”;nobody 意为“没有人”。根据句意可知,此处表示“想要卖新 产品的人”,强调“某人”。 【答案】 C 2.I want to buy for my grandpa to make him happy. Thats a good idea. A.something special B.special something C.anything special D.special anything 【解析】考查复合不定代词。句意:为了让我爷爷开心,我想要给他买一些特别的东西。那是个好主 意。some

14、thing 意为“某事;某物”;anything 意为“任何事;任何事物”。本句为肯定句,排除 C、D 两项;形容词修 饰复合不定代词时,应放在复合不定代词之后,A 项符合语境。 【答案】 A 3.Have you seen my mobile phone,Sam?I cant find it . A.everywhere B.somewhere C.nowhere D.anywhere 【解析】考查复合不定副词。句意:你看到我的手机了吗,山姆?我哪里都找不到它。everywhere 意为“处处; 到处;各个地方”;somewhere 意为“在某处;到某处”;nowhere 意为“无处;哪里都

15、不”;anywhere 意为“在任何地方”。 【答案】 D 考点 2 seem 的用法 【教材原句】 Still no one seemed to be bored.然而似乎没有人感到无聊。(P3) 辨析 seem 和 look (1)seem 作系动词,意为“好像;似乎”,后面通常接形容词、名词、动词不定式和从句等;look 作系动词,意为“看 起来”,后面通常接形容词、名词等。例如: She seems to be honest.她似乎很诚实。 He doesnt look his age.他看起来与实际年龄不符。 (2)seem侧重于根据某种迹象而做出的判断,不一定是真相;look侧重根

16、据人或事物的外貌特征而得出的感受。 例如: He seems to know everything.他似乎什么都懂。 He looked blue today.他今天看上去很忧郁。 (3)seem 和 look 都可以和介词 like 连用。例如: It seemed like a good idea at the time.当时那个主意好像不错。 That book looks like an interesting book.那本书看上去像本有趣的书。 活学活用 用 seem 或 look 的适当形式填空 1.There are dark clouds,and the wind is bl

17、owing strongly. It seems that a typhoon(台风) is coming. 【解析】考查 seem 的用法。此处指根据某种迹象而做出的判断,应用 seem。“It seems that.”为固定句型,意 为“看起来”,且句子应用一般现在时,故填 seems。 2.The man in blue looks like my son. 【解析】 考查 look 的用法。 此处指根据外貌特征而得出的判断,应用 look,且句子应用一般现在时,故填 looks。 考点 3 反身代词的用法 【教材原句】 Why didnt you buy anything for yo

18、urself?你为什么没有给自己买点什么呢?(P3) 1.形式: 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves 注意:反身代词的记忆规律:第一人称和第二人称是在形容词性物主代词后加self/selves;第三人称是在人称 代词宾格后加self/selves。 2.用法:反身代词在句中作宾语、表语和同位语,但不能作主语。例如: He poured himself a cup of water.他给自己倒了一杯水。(动词宾语) Just be yourse

19、lf.做你自己就好。(表语) I myself fixed the windows.我自己修了窗户。(同位语) 活学活用 You cant taste Lu Xuns writing style until you read his works for . A.yourself B.myself C.himself D.itself 【解析】考查反身代词。句意:直到你亲自读了鲁迅的著作,你才会体会到他的写作风格。for oneself“亲自”, 主语是 you,因此这里用反身代词 yourself。 【答案】 A 考点 4 decide 的用法 【教材原句】 It was sunny and

20、hot,so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.天气晴朗又炎热,所以我们决定去旅馆 附近的海滩。(P5) 活学活用 1.Lets go to the movies this weekend. Sorry,but my parents and I have decided to Dongjiang Lake for camping. A.go B.going C.to go D.to going 【解析】考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.为固定用法,意为“决定做某事”。 【答案】 C 2.Finally,she decide

21、d studying in Yucai Middle School. A.to B.on C.for D.with 【解析】考查介词。句意:最终,她决定在育才中学上学。固定搭配 decide on doing sth.意为“决定做某事”。 【答案】 B 考点 5 try 的用法 【教材原句】 My sister and I tried paragliding.我的妹妹和我尝试了滑翔伞飞行。(P5) 活学活用 The jeans are very nice.Ill take them. Youd better first.Im afraid the size is a bit small for

22、 you. A.pay for them B.take them off C.try them on D.look after them 【解析】考查动词短语。根据后者说的“恐怕这个尺寸对您来说有点小”可知,空处应表示后者建议前者试穿 一下牛仔裤,以避免尺寸不合适,应用 try on。 【答案】 C 考点 6 enough 的用法 【教材原句】 My father didnt bring enough money,so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish.爸爸没有带足够的钱, 所以我们只吃了一碗米饭和一些鱼。(P5) 例如: I didnt h

23、ave enough clothes to last a week.我的衣服不够一周穿的。 This house isnt big enough for us to live in.这个房子对我们来说不够大。 Enough has been said about this topic.关于这个话题说得已经够多了。 辨析.enough to.,so.that. 和 too.to. (1).enough to.意为“足够而能去做某事”。 句型结构:形容词/副词+enough to do sth.。 当主语是物时,在 to 前可以加 for sb.。 (2)so.that.意为“如此以至于”。句型结

24、构:so+形容词/副词+that 从句。that 后接结果状语从句,常与 情态动词 can 连用。 (3)too.to.意为“太以至于不能”,表否定意义。句型结构:too+形容词/副词+to do sth.。主语是物时, 可以在 to 的前面加 for sb.。 (4)通常来说,这三种句型可以相互转换:too.to.=not+相应形容词/副词的反义词+enough to.=so.that+否定 句。例如: He is too young to go to school.= He is not old enough to go to school.=He is so young that he

25、cant go to school. 他太小了,不能上学。 活学活用 Dont worry about Jane.She is to take good care of little Tom. A.carefully enough B.careful enough C.enough careful D.enough carefully 【解析】 考查形容词和 enough 的用法。 enough 修饰形容词和副词时必须放在其后,且根据空前的系动词可知, 此处应用形容词构成系表结构,应用 careful enough。 【答案】 B 考点 7 hardly 的用法 【教材原句】 He hardl

26、y ever watches TV.他几乎从不看电视。(P11) hardly 作副词,意为“几乎没有;几乎不”,通常放在行为动词之前,be 动词、情态动词和助动词之后。例如: There is hardly any tea left.几乎没有茶剩下。 I could hardly believe it when I read the letter.当我读到这封信时,我几乎不敢相信。 常见频度副词的用法 always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly ever/seldom 和 never 是英语中最常见的频度副词。 它们在句中通常 放在行为动词之前,be 动词、助

27、动词和情态动词之后,但所表示的含义及频率各不相同。 频度副词 用法 频率图示 always 意为“总是,永远”,表示动作重复或状态持续 100% usually 意为“平常,通常”,表示很少有例外 80% often 意为“常常,经常”,表示动作重复,中间有间断 60% sometimes 意为“有时”,表示动作偶尔发生,可位于句首,表示强调 20% hardly ever/ seldom 意为“几乎不;很少”,表示动作几乎不会发生 5% never 意为“从不”,表示动作不会发生 0% 活学活用 How often do you go to the cinema? .I only watch

28、 movies at home. A.Always B.Usually C.Sometimes D.Never 【解析】考查频度副词。句意:你多久去一次电影院?从不。我只在家看电影。根据答语可知,后者 从不去电影院看电影。 【答案】 D 考点 8 although 的用法 【教材原句】 Although many students like to watch sports,game shows are the most popular.虽然许多学生喜欢看体育节 目,但游戏类节目却是最受欢迎的。(P13) although 作连词,意为“虽然;尽管;即使”,和 though 用法相似,引导让步状

29、语从句。但是 though 还可以用 作副词,意为“不过;然而;可是”。例如: Although/Though the sun was shining,it wasnt warm.尽管太阳在照耀着,但天气仍然不暖和。 Our team lost.It was a good game though.我们队输了。不过这仍是一场精彩的比赛。 although/though 不能与 but 在一个句子中同时使用。例如: Although/Though it was raining hard,the farmers were still working in the fields.尽管雨下得很大,农民们

30、还在田 间劳动。 It was raining hard,but the farmers were still working in the fields.雨下得很大,但是农民们还在田间劳动。 活学活用 1.It was great in the end we had a terrible time at the beginning. A.if B.unless C.when D.although 【解析】考查从属连词。句意:虽然一开始我们有一段艰难的时间,但最后却感觉很棒。if“如果”,引导条件状 语从句;unless“除非”,引导条件状语从句;when“当时候”,引导时间状语从句;alth

31、ough“虽然;尽管”,引导让 步状语从句。根据语境可知,此处应用 although 引导让步状语从句。 【答案】 D 2. she is very young,she can take good care of herself. A.If B.Unless C.Since D.Although 【解析】 考查从属连词。 句意:尽管她年纪很小,但她能照顾好自己。 if“如果”,引导条件状语从句;unless“除非”, 引导条件状语从句;since“自从以来;由于”,引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句;although“尽管;虽然”,引导 让步状语从句。根据语境可知,本句是由 although 引导

32、的让步状语从句。 【答案】 D 考点 9 such as 的用法 【教材原句】 Exercise such as playing sports is fun,and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.参加诸如体育运动一类的锻炼很有趣,和朋友、 家人一起运动的同时,你还可以和他们共度时光。 (P13) such as意为“例如”时,相当于for example/like,通常用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子,这几个例子之间 是并列关系;such as 还可意为“像这样的;诸如的”,用来解释说明

33、前面的内容,此时不可与 for example 互换。例如: I like many kinds of sports games such as tennis,football and badminton.我喜欢很多体育运动,例如网球、足 球和羽毛球。 Chance such as/like this doesnt come every day.像这样的机会不是每天都有的。 辨析 such as 和 for example such as 一般用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子,位于被说明的内容之后,不能独立成句,不能位于句首 或句末,其后没有逗号。此外,such as 还可以分开作为 such

34、.as.使用,也可以和 and so on 连用。for example 一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中、句末,其后可以有逗号。例如: It helps people remember what once happened such as dreams,friendships and happiness.它可以帮助人们想 起曾经发生的事情,例如梦想、友情和欢乐。 Ball games,for example,have spread around the world.例如,球类运动已经传播到世界各地。 活学活用 I can speak four langu

35、ages, Japanese and English. A.for example B.instead of C.such as D.because of 【解析】考查介词短语。句意:我会说四种语言,例如日语和英语。根据语境可知,此处列举了同类事物中的两 个例子,应用 such as。 【答案】 C 考点 10 more than 的用法 【教材原句】 She usually watches TV for more than two hours a day.她常常每天看超过两小时的电视。(P15) more than 意为“超过;多于”。例如: More than half of the pe

36、ople agree with the plan.超过一半的人同意这个计划。 辨析 more than,no more than, less than 和 no less than 大于;多于;超过;不只 She is more than a teacher to us.她对于我们来说不只是老师。 只不过;仅仅;至多 There are no more than fifteen eggs in the basket.篮子里最多有 15 个鸡蛋。 小于;少于 The baby slept for less than two hours.这个婴儿睡了不到两小时。 不亚于;不少于;不低 于 All

37、in all,no less than nine of the students agree with us.总而言之,至少有 9 名学生同意了我们的观 点。 活学活用 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 你最多能拿走 10 颗糖果。 You can take away no more than 10 candies. 【解析】根据汉语意思可知,no more than 意为“至多”,符合语境。 考点 11 How often do you go to the movies?你多久去看一次电影?(P11) how often 意为“多久”,用来对频度副词及表示在某段时间内某种动作重复的次数的状语提

38、问。例如: How often do you play basketball? 你多久打一次篮球? Sometimes.有时候打。 How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视? Twice a week.每周两次。 其他含有 how 的疑问词组 (1)how soon“多久”,对“in+时间段”提问,通常用于将来时态。 (2)how long“多久;多长”,可以对“for+时间段”提问,通常用于完成时态,也可对物体长度提问。 (3)how far“多远”,对距离或事情的进展提问。 (4)how many“多少”,对可数名词的数量提问。 (5)how much“多少”,

39、对价格或不可数名词的数量提问。 (6)how old“多大”,对年龄提问。 活学活用 do you visit your grandmother in the countryside? Once a month. A.How far B.How long C.How soon D.How often 【解析】 考查特殊疑问词组。 句意:你多久去看望一次你在乡下的祖母?一个月一次。 根据答语“Once a month.”可知,此处是对频率进行提问。how far“多远”,对距离提问;how long“多长”,对物体长度或时间长度提 问;how soon“多久之后”,对将来的一段时间提问;how

40、often“多久一次”,对频率提问。 【答案】 D 考点 12 Is Julie as tall as you?朱莉和你一样高吗? No,she isnt.Shes taller than me.不,她不是。她比我高。(P19) 1.形容词和副词原级的句型。 (1)“A+谓语+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B”意为“A 像 B 一样”。例如: Tara works as hard as Tina.塔拉工作和蒂娜一样努力。 (2)“A+谓语+not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B”意为“A 不如 B”。例如: My computer is not as/so expensive as y

41、ours.我的电脑没有你的贵。 2.形容词和副词比较级的句型。 (1)“A+谓语+形容词/副词比较级+than+B”意为“A 比 B 更”。例如: He is better at English than Peter.他比彼得更擅长英语。 (2)“Which/What/Who+谓语+形容词/副词比较级,A or B?”意为“A 和 B 中,哪一个更?”。例如: Who got to school earlier today,Alice or Anna?今天谁到学校早点,爱丽丝还是安娜? 活学活用 1.I dont really like big cities. Neither do I.I f

42、eel much in the countryside. A.free B.freer C.freest D.the freest 【解析】 考查形容词的比较等级。 句意:我不太喜欢大城市。 我也不喜欢。 在农村我感觉自由多了。 此处是将农村与大城市进行比较,且根据空前的“much”可知,此处用 free 的比较级形式。 【答案】 B 2.Tom didnt study so as Peter. A.careful B.carefully C.more carefully D.the most carefully 【解析】考查副词的比较等级。句意:汤姆学习不及彼得认真。分析句子结构可知,本空应

43、用副词作状语修饰 谓语动词 study,且根据句中的固定结构“not so.as”可知,B 项符合语境。 【答案】 B 导学课堂成果检测 .单项填空 1.Our English teacher is nice and patient she is very strict with us.(D) A.if B.as C.unless D.though 2.Could you stay a little longer?I have more to tell you about the plan for tomorrow.(A) A.something B.everything C.anything

44、 D.nothing 3.I wonder the students have a physical examination. Once a year.(D) A.how far B.how soon C.how long D.how often 4.What do you think of the movie? Great!I have never seen a one.(C) A.good B.bad C.better D.worse 5.We lost the match because they had players.They had eleven and we had only n

45、ine!(D) A.stronger B.younger C.fewer D.more 6.Jack is good at drawing.I think no one draws .(A) A.better B.best C.worse D.worst .单词拼写 1.Please think twice (两次) before you hand in your paper. 2.Frank,take off your wet (湿的) jacket so you dont catch a cold. 3.Bob has many story books and he often shares (分享) them with his friends.