人教版八年级英语上册unit 2知识点详解.doc

1、By Monique Yang 第 1 页 Unit2 How often do you exercise? Section A 知识讲解知识讲解 1exercise 的用法的用法 1） exercise 可以作动词，意为“锻炼” I exercise every day. 我每天都锻炼。 2）可以作名词，意为“运动，锻炼” ，为不可数名词 do exercise=take exercise 做锻炼，做运动做锻炼，做运动 My father always does exercise.我爸爸总是做运动。 3）意为“习题，体操”时为可数名词，常和动词 do搭配使用，且作“体操”讲时多用复数形式。

2、do morning exercises 做早操，do eye exercises 做眼保健操 The teacher asked us to do math exercises every day. 老师告诉我们每天都要做数学练习题。 2. help with housework 帮助做家务帮助做家务 1） help with sth. 意为“帮助做某事” 2）help sb. with sth. = help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 I often help him _ his English. = I often help him_English. 我经常帮他学习

3、英语。 3）with ones help=with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下 I pass the exam_my teachers help. 在老师的帮助下，我通过了考试。 =I cant pass the exam_my teachers help. 【拓展】【拓展】 help oneself to 请随便吃/喝 Please help yourself to some cakes. 请随便吃点蛋糕。 cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 I cant help falling in love with that girl. 我情不自禁爱上那个女孩。

4、 help out 帮助解决困难, 帮助对付 He helped me out with my task.他帮我完成了任务。 注意：注意：housework 意为意为“家务劳动家务劳动”，homework为家庭作业，都是为家庭作业，都是不可数名词不可数名词 3. sometimes 有时有时 辨析：sometimes ，some times ，sometime ， some time 1）sometimes 有时候。=at times= from time to time 也是“有时”的意思 2）some times 几次。time 作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词 3）

5、sometime 某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候 4）some time 一段时间。常与 for 连用。对它提问用 how long 口诀记忆：分开口诀记忆：分开是“是“一段一段” ，相相连连是是“某时某时”；分开分开 s 是“几次” ，相连“是“几次” ，相连“s”是有时。”是有时。 练习： We plan to stay in Hainan for . 我们打算在海南呆一段时间。 I am sure that we have met before. 我肯定我们之前见过几次了。 I have letters from him. 有时我会收到他的来信。 By Monique Yang 第

6、2 页 The foreign friends will come to our school next week. 外国朋友会在下个星期的某个时 候来我们学校。 4. hardly ever 几乎不几乎不 比较： hard、hardly和 hardly ever 1）hard 作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。 hard 作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”， 位于动词之后。 This chair is too hard to sit on. 这把椅子太硬了而不能坐。 They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作，以求得成功。

7、 2）hardly 副词，意为“几乎不”，表示否定意义，位于实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、或情态动词之后。 He can hardly play football. 他几乎不会打篮球。 There is hardly any coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了 3）hardly ever是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于 almost not, seldom。 练一练：练一练： There is _ _food left. 几乎没有食物剩下。 He _ _ . 他几乎不工作。 He _ _. 他工作努力。 It rained_this morning. 今天早上雨下得

8、大。 拓展：拓展： 常见的频率副词有 always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly_ever，never 与疑问词 how often 对应。表示 的频率由 always 向 never 递减。在句中位于实意动词之前，情态动词( can 等)、助动词(do 等)、连系动词 (be 等)之后。但 sometimes 也可在句首。 Sometimes I go to school by bike. 有时候我骑自行车上学。 5. how often 多久一次多久一次 意为“多久一次”，常用于对时间频率提问。回答可用 once/twice/three times a da

9、y(一天一/两/三次)，every day(每天)，sometimes(有时)，never(从不)，very often(经常)等。 词语词语 词义词义 用法用法 答语特征答语特征 how long 多久 询问时间多久 for/about+一段时间 how often 多久一次 询问动作的频率 often, twice a week等 how soon 多快，过多久 询问时间多快 in+一段时间 how far 多远 询问距离多远 ten minutes walk/five kilometers how many 多少 询问可数名词数量 数词+可数名词复数 how much 多少 询问不可数名

10、词数量 数词+表示量的词+不可数名词 多少钱 询问价格 数词+钱 By Monique Yang 第 3 页 练一练：练一练： 1. - is it from the village to your farm? -About 10 minutes walk. 2. - are you leaving for Beijing? -In a few days. 3. - do you watch TV every day? -Maybe 1 hour. 4. - do you help with housework? -Every day. 5. - is the tree? -About 300

11、 years old. 6. - do you have dance and piano lessons? -Maybe every two weeks. 7. - housework do you do every day? -Just a little. 8. - programs did you watch? -Three. 9. - are the apples? -Ten yuan. 6. free 意为意为“空闲的，有空的空闲的，有空的”反义词 busy。 be free 意为“闲着，有空”，相当于 have time He is free now.=He _ _ now. 他现在

12、有空。 拓展：free 还可译为还可译为“免费的免费的, 自由的自由的” be free to do sth. 自由地做某事自由地做某事 The tickets are free. 票是免费的。 7quite full 很忙，相当忙很忙，相当忙. 1）adj. full 还可译为“满的，充满的”。 反义词是 empty，意为“空的”。 The bus was full when they got there. 翻译：_. 拓展：拓展：A be full of B. = A be fill with B; A 中充满了中充满了 B。 The room is full of students. T

13、he bus is full of people. 练一练： The hall is _ people. A. fill with B. full with C. filled of D. filled with 2）full adj. “饱的”。 其反义词是 hungry，意为“饥饿的”。 Are you hungry or full？你饿了还是饱了？ I cant eat any more，I am quite full. 我不能再吃了，我相当饱了。 By Monique Yang 第 4 页 8 maybe “也许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。 辨析：maybe 和和 may be Lil

14、y an English teacher. Lily可能是一名英语老师。 =_ Where is Mike? _ he is in the classroom. AMust BMaybe CMay DMay be 9. look、see、watch和和read辨析：辨析： 1）look 为不及物动词，后接宾语时须用介词 at，着重_=have a look 2）see着重_，即“看到，看见”。 3）read 多指“看书、报”，这里的“看”为“读”。 4）watch着重_也常用于“看电视，看比赛”等短语中, 还表示“注视，观看，监视”之意。 10. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某

15、件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问 句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。 How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party? Section B 知识讲解知识讲解 1. Here are the results. 这是（调查）结果。这是（调查）结果。 here 位于句首，句子要倒装。Here is + 单数名词; Here are + 复数 这是你的夹克_。 2. find v. 发现；找到发现；找到 1）find + 宾语 +名

16、词 We find him a good boy. 我们发现他是个好孩子。 2）find + 宾语 + 形容词 He found the room dirty. 我们发现房间很脏。 3）find + 宾语 + 现在分词 I found her singing under the tree. 我们发现她正在树下唱歌。 maybe “也许，大概，可能”。 （一般放句首） 相当于另一副词 perhaps Maybe you are right. 也许你是对的。 Maybe he knows Tom. 也许他认识 Tom。 may be “可能是，也许是”。 为“情态动词+be 动词”结构。 （位于句

17、中） You may be right. 你也许是对的。 By Monique Yang 第 5 页 拓展：拓展： look for也有“_ ”的意思，通常强调“找”的_ 。 find 动词，意为“ ”，通常强调“找”的 。 find out意为“_ ”，多指通过调查、打听或研究之后搞清楚或弄明白。 3. percent百分之百分之 构成：基数词+percent ，常用“数词percent of名词”，这一结构作主语时，谓语的单复数要看 percent of 后跟的名词，如果是可数名词复数，谓语应该用复数，如果是不可数名词，谓语应该用单数。 Thirty percent of the stud

18、ents _ ( like) watching game shows. 70 percent of water _ ( be ) salty water(盐水)。 4. surprised adj. 惊奇的，感到意外的惊奇的，感到意外的 1）be surprised at sb. / sth. / doing sth. 对感到惊奇 We are surprised at the news. 我们对这个新闻感到惊讶。 2）be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 Im very surprised to meet you here. 在这里见到你我很惊讶。 3）be su

19、rprised that + 从句. 因而感到惊讶 Im surprised that he came here on time. 我很惊讶他准时到达这儿。 【拓展】【拓展】 surprising 令人惊讶的 to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 ； 吃惊地 5. the answers to questions 问题的答案问题的答案 the way to sp 去某地的路 the key to the door 门的钥匙 the key to success 成功的秘诀 the ticket to the concert 去音乐会的票 the in

20、vitation to the party 去排队的邀请函 6. although “虽然，尽管”。 although的意思相当于 though，意为“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列 连词 but; and; so等连用，但可以和 yet; still 等词连用。 _it rained，the boys still played outside. = It rained，_ the boys still played outside. Although I get up early, I cant catch the early bus. = I get up e

21、arly, but I cant catch the early bus. My cousin knows a lot about geography， he is only four years old. A. because B. so C. although 【拓展】【拓展】 although与 though 的辨析： 1）用作连词，表示“虽然” ，二者可以互换使用，但 although 比 though 更为正式。 Though/Although it was raining, we still went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。 2）although 一般不用作

22、副词，而 though 可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首） ，意为“可是，不 过” 。 By Monique Yang 第 6 页 Its hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦，可是我很喜欢。 We all tried our best. We lost the game, though. 我们都尽了最大努力，但我们还是输了。 3）在 as though(好像，似乎)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although。 He talks as though he knows everything. 他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。 7

23、. Its+adj+（for sb.）+to do sth. 意为意为 “（对某人来说）做某事是（对某人来说）做某事是的的”。 1）Itsadj.for sb.to do sth. 当形容词修饰 to do sth.时，用介词 for，句中形容词是用来说明 to do sth.的 Its necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。 2）Itsadj.of sb.to do sth. 当形容词修饰 sb.时，应用介词 of 句中形容词可与逻辑主语 sb. 构成系表结 构，即形容词是用来说明或形容 sb

24、.（某人）的。 ， Its very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。 练一练： It is very important for us _ English well. Its very nice _ you _my parents your best wishes. I often have hamburgers for lunch. Youd better not. Its bad for you _ too much junk food. 8. by prep. 通过通过方式方式 1）后常加工具或 v-ing, (by doing sth. 通过做

25、某事) I often relax by listening to music. 我经常通过听音乐来放松。 2）by+交通工具 乘. I usually go to school by bus. 我通常乘公交车去上学。 3）by+时间 到.时（为止） You must hand in your homework by Friday. 你必须星期五之前交作业。 4）by+地点 在.旁边 【拓展】【拓展】 through 和 by的区别 through 后常加名词表示手段媒介，以；凭借；穿过 through exercise 通过锻炼;by后常加工具或 v-ing The sunlight was

26、 coming in through the window. through，across，over through意为“穿过”，指从物体的里面穿过。 across 意为“穿过”，指从物体的表面通过。 over 意为“越过；跨过”，指越过一个有高度的物体。 They walked through the park after supper. I swam across the river and felt very tired. Can you jump over the table? 9. such as 例如；像这样，后面跟名称、代词、动词的 ing 形式。 I have a lot of

27、 hobbies, such as _and _. 我有许多爱好，比如读书和唱歌。 By Monique Yang 第 7 页 拓展拓展： 1）such adj. but B. /; / C. Although; / D. But; although 12. They watch TV_. A. one a week B. once a week C. one the week D. once week 13. The old man is well because he often_. A. exercises B. drinks C. sleeps D. play 14._do you r

28、ead English books? Twice a day. A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How often 15. Lily usually starts the day _breakfast. A. with B. from C. at D. of 16. Nancy is _because she has a good habit. A. tall B. busy C. interesting D. healthy 17. Xiao Zhang _watches TV. He likes surfing the Internet. A.

29、 hard ever B. hardly ever C. doesnt hard ever D. doesnt hardly ever 18. Eating a lot of vegetables_good for your health. A. am B. is C. are D. be 19. The boy is too young to_himself. By Monique Yang 第 10 页 A. look at B. look after C. look on D. look up 20. He _late for school. A. is often B. often i

30、s C. does often D. often does 二二用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or _? What are the_ ?（different) 2. Eating fruit can help you _ (get) more vitamins. 3. My dad wants me _(be) a teacher . 4. The boy is doing _ (exercise) on the paper. 5. The girl is taking _(exercise) to

31、keep healthy. 6. The little boy is _(exercise). 7. She _(say) its good for you. 8. Eating vegetables every day is a _ (health) lifestyle. 9. The old man doesnt have _ (many) money. 10. I dont know if Bill is _ ( health). 三三.根据要求完成句子。根据要求完成句子。 1,_ _ Bill usually do _ _?比尔周末通常做什么？ 2_ _ do you _ the In

32、ternet? _ a week. 你多久上一次网？每周两次。 3. She often reads English books. （改为一般疑问句） _ she often _ English books? 4. My parents want me to be a doctor.（对划线部分提问） _ _ your parents want you to be? 5. My favorite movie is Mr Bean. （对划线部分提问） _ _ your favorite movie? 6. Do you like to drink milk?（作否定回答）_, I _. 7. My grandpa keeps in good health. （改为同义句） My grandpa _ _. 8. He goes to the park three times a week. (对划线部分提问) _ _ does he go to the park? 9._ Im_ _unhealthy也许我有点不健康 10.牛奶对健康有利。 Milk_ _ for your health.