高考英语 书面表达之议论文解题指导ppt课件（示范课）.ppt

1、书面表达之 议论文,议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，确定其观点正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。 近年的书面表达中，主要命题形式是以表格式和提纲式来呈现写作材料的。,知识梳理,论点，论据和论证是议论文的三要素，论点是作者对所论问题所持的见解和主张；论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据；论证就是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说，议论文每段应有主题句来确定论点。结尾提出自己的看法、意见或建议，表示对某一现象或论点的赞成或反对。,议论文的结构一般较为固定，通常包括以下三部分： 1. 在导语部分提出需要讨论的主题； 2. 在正文部分对所提出的问

2、题进行论证； 3. 在结论部分对以上的讨论进行总结和归 纳。,1.首段： 1) Many students have been faced with the problem of 2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among 5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ,6) F

3、aced with , quite a few people argue that 7) According to a recent survey, 8) With the rapid development of economy/ society, 9) Recently we held (have hold) a discussion whether. 10) When it comes to, (当说到),2. 第二段首句： As is known to all, play(s) an important part/ role in our daily life/ modern soci

4、ety. However, different people have different opinions Some people/The majority of the students think it (is) a good idea/important/useful/convenient for somebody（根据题意改人称）to do Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true,列举观点: Obviously has both advantages and disadvantages. ./ However, as

5、every coin has two sides, has its disadvantages 两个论据： on one hand+1+on the other hand 2. 或is one thingis another 三个以上： Firstly,/to begin with+Secondly/furthermore,Finally/last but not the least, 注意：表明各方观点时常用一般现在时态。,3. 结论陈述自己观点: There is probably some truth in both argumentsstatements, but As far as

6、Im concerned /Personally/As for me/in my opinion/Personally speaking(尽量避免使用I think). 总结全文: in one/a word, generally speaking, to conclude,提出解决办法：1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that 2) It is high time that we should take measures to 3) We should take measures to 4)

7、Wed better take effective measures to prevent 5) The government decided to take strong measures against ,6) It is necessary that steps should be taken to 7) In conclusion, it is important that 8) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must 9) In summary, if we continue to ignore the issue, more pr

8、oblems will come up. 10) Taking all these into account, we,问题解决型 对某一问题/话题进行分析，找出解决办法, 表达自己的看法。 第一段： Nowadays, we have to face a problem that Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem that It is important for us to,写作模板,第二段：People have figured out many ways to solve the problem C

9、onfronted with(问题), we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation Firstly, _(方法一) Secondly, _(方法二),第三段： Personally, I believe that_ (我的方法) To me, I am taking two ways to solve the problem of(问题) One of them is _(我的方法) The other way is _(方法二) By now ways have been working p

10、erfectly and efficiently (结果) 2) In conclusion/ In a word/ To sum up/ In summary/ Obviously/ Its clear that/ Its no doubt that,对比选择型 不同观点对比，列举理由，自己的观点。 第一段： Some people tend to think that _ (观点一) They point out that _ (理由一) Additionally, _ (理由二) A case in point is _ (举例) Therefore _ (小结),第二段： On the

11、 contrary, other people hold the view That _ (观点二) They argue that _(理由一) Whats more _(理由二) As an illustration, _(举例) Accordingly, _(小结),第三段： As far as I am concerned, (I think) _ _ (我的观点) The reason is that _ (理由一) And also，_ (理由二) So，_ (总结自己的观点),说明利弊型某观点/现象有利 (列举好处), 也有弊(列举弊端), 应如何正确对待。 第一段：某观点/现象

12、有利 (列举好处) Whenever we hear people say that _ (主题) well instantly have the idea that it is a goodbad thing for_ (某人) Indeed, _ (主题) have advantages to _ (某人) We can take _ (举例) as an example It will benefit _ (好处一) In addition _ (好处二),第二段：也有弊 (列举弊端) In the mean time, we must realizewe must realize th

13、ose disadvantages of _ (主题) First of all, _ (坏处一) Second, _ (坏处二) 第三段：如何正确对待 To sum up the above arguments，I think a proper attitude towards _ (主题) is that _ (我的观点),阐述主题型 第一段： A famous saying goes that _ (名言或谚语). It means that _ (释义). An example of this case is _ (举例，解释). 第二段： Another case in point

14、is _ (例二) / Secondly, _ 第三段： I like the saying _ (名言) which encourages me _ (理由),常用的连接词和过渡词有： 递进：also, and then, too, in addition, furthermore, moreover 时间顺序：now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, soon, next, in a few days, gradually, suddenly, finally 空间顺序：near (to), far

15、 (from), in front of, behind, beside, beyond, above, below, to the right / left, around, outside 比较：in the same way, just like, just as,对照：while, but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, by contrast, despite, in spite of, even though 结果和原因：because, since, so, as a result, theref

16、ore, then, thus, otherwise 目的：for this reason, for this purpose, so that 强调：in fact, indeed, surely, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, above all, most important,解释说明：for example, in this case 总结：finally, at last, in conclusion, in a word, in brief, in short, in general, on the whole,

17、 as has been stated 并列：and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only . but also, both . and, either . or, neither . nor 陈述事实：in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth,你校正在进行“英语读书周”活动。该活动要求学生摘录名言佳句(quote)并相互交流，以下是某同学摘录的句子：“Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you”

18、。请按下列要求用英语写一篇100-120个词的短文： 1. 针对摘录句中的观点谈谈你的看法； 2. 举例说明理由。 注意：短文的开头已给出(不计词数)。,真题再现,In the English Reading Week, one of my classmates recommended a quote to us, which goes like this: “Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.” I cant agree more with this view. Its true that our future is

19、determined by many things, such as opportunities and help from others, but our own attitude, determination, and hard work play a more important role. In other words, we are the master of our own future.,Take Abraham Lincoln, for example. He was born in a poor family, and only received a limited educ

20、ation in his childhood. Yet through his painstaking efforts, he changed not only his own fate but also the history of America. Even to this day, Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world. Therefore, I firmly believe that our future is in our own hands.,如今， 选美比赛在青少年中越来越普及，

21、 因此你们班就此开展了一场“Should beauty contests be held among teenagers？”的讨论， 请你根据下面表格内容写一份总结。,实战演练,【写作要求】 1. 只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。 2. 文章的开头已给出，不计入总句数。 【评分标准】 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。 Recently our class has had a heated discussion about whether beauty contests should be held among teenagers.,Recently our class has had a heated discussion about whether beauty contests should be held among teenagers. Some students hold the opinion that love of beauty is part of human nature, so beauty contests not only provide a stage for people to show off their beauty but also a good chance to appreciate beauty. B