高三英语阅读理解-推理判断题解题策略.doc

1、 1 高三英语阅读理解推理判断题推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨 导入： 高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求： 阅读部分 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说 明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： （1 1）理解主旨要义； （）理解主旨要义； （2 2）理解文中具）理解文中具 体信息； （体信息； （3 3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； （）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； （4 4）做出判断和推理； （）做出判断和推理； （5 5）理解文章）理解文章 的基本结构； （的基本结构； （6 6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。）理解作者的意图、观点和态度

2、。 高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有： 细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主 旨大意题。旨大意题。本节主要解决推理判断题推理判断题解题策略。 推理判断题解题指导： 考点突破 一、命题方式： 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的 暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查 考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中 某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进 行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。 推理判断题的命题区间

3、往往出现在以下几个方面： 文章或者段落的首尾部分。这一部分往往会引出文章的主题，总结全文或者全段 内容，通常也会设计推理判断题； 引言部分。议论文或者说明文中作者经常引用他人语言来支撑自己的观点，引用 的内容可能从正面或者反面来支持作者的观点，引文的字里行间隐含的渗透的内容往往 也是命题人设题的依据； 结论建议处。命题人往往在文章中出现 the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等类似结论、建议性表达方式时，此处通常是文章中提到的研究结果或者报 告的结论，命题人往往在此设置推理判断题 表达观点态度处。在作者表达观点

4、态度的地方往往设置推理判断题。文中出现 doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against 等表达观点态度的部分，以及一些带有感情色彩的特 殊句式，例如感叹句、反问句等。 1.细节推断 细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人 物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生 要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现 infer（推 断） ，indicate（象征，暗示） ，imply （暗示） ，suggest（暗示）.conclude （作出结论） ，assume （假定，

5、设想）等词。主要设题方式有： 2 It can be inferred from the passage that_. The author strongly suggests that_ It can be concluded from the passage that_. The writer implies but not directly states that_ The writer/author indicates/implies/suggests that_ The writer talked about. Because he thought_ 考点 1 细节推断题 典例（20

6、16全国卷 3D 节选） “The if it bleeds rule works for mass media, “ says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“ They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you a

7、s a Debbie Downer.” 33. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A. Theyre socially inactive. B. Theyre good at telling stories. C. Theyre inconsiderate of others. D. Theyre careful with their words. 2.写作意图推断 写作意图推断要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一 般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或 观点。这就

8、要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进 行归纳总结和分析的能力主要设题方式有： What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The purpose of the text is to get more people to_ The writer of the story wants to tell us that_ The fact. Is mentioned by the author to show_ The author writes the last paragraph in order

9、to_ 作者写文章的目的通常有三类（灵活借鉴应用） ： (1) to entertain readers(使读者愉悦、发笑)： 常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。 (2) to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点)：常见于广告或议论文。广告是作者 要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客读者或订户观众等。议论文是为了说 服读者接受或赞同某一观点。 (3)to inform readers (告知读者某些信息)： 多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社 会类的文章, 以及劝告性或建议性的文章。 弄清其写作目的, 需要找准主题句, 把握文章 主旨。 典例：2016 北京卷 A 节选） D

10、ecember 15,2014 3 Dear Alfred, I want to tell you how important your help is to my life. Growing up, I had people telling me I was too stow, though, with an IQ of 150 + at 17, Iam anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD （注意力缺陷多 动障碍）.Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep

11、focused for more than an hour at a time. Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole. This is why youre saving my life. Yours, Tanis 8）. Tanis wrote thi

12、s letter in order to_ A. explain why she was interested in the computer B. share the ideas she had for her profession C. show how grateful she was to the center D. describe the courses she had taken so far 3.观点态度推断 观点态度推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者 态度。这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上，对观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识 别，关注作者对人物

13、心理或者细节的描写，对文章所交代的人或者事情进行评判。主要 设题方式有: The attitude of the author towards something is_ The writer of the passage seems to think that_ Whats the authors opinion on. ? What do we know about sb. in the passage? Somebody can be said_. What does the author think about. ? 典例（2016四川卷 C 节选） “I have a special

14、 love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years? “ says Gin. “I ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather see it as an area of freedom.“ 3

15、0）. What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese? A. Cautious. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative. 4 4.文章来源和读者对象推断 推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求读者本身要具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才 能与读者本身具备的常识结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、 小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号人 座，选出正确的答案。举几个例子：1）.报纸前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。 2）

16、.广告因其用词和格式特殊，客易辨认。3）.产品说明器皿、设备的使用说明会有 产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用 。需要指出的是：有时命题者为了 增加试题的难度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出现，这时需要根据文章的题材内容进行推 断。如果内客是发布新闻，最可能是出现在报纸上；如果是科普读物，可能是出自科普 杂志上。 主要设题方式有： This passage would be most likely to be found in_ The passage is probably taken out of _ Where does this text probably come from?

17、Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from? The text is intended for_. 典例：Have you ever dreamed of having a fashionable watch of great value? A small watchmaker in Switzerland in 1922 designed the first automatic watch to show the day, month, and date. Today, it is so hard to ge

18、t an original watch that some watch historians are even willing to offer $200,000 for one. These watches attracted a lot of people for their splendid color, fashionable s ty, and new uses in the 1920s. Today, you are offered the same kind of watch with improvement. It has a 24- jewel mechanical move

19、ment. You can get the watch either in person or by mail all an affordable price. You will also receive good service from the watch seller. If you are not satisfied with the watch after you get it, you may simply return it within 30 days. Dont miss the chance to realize your dream. 题目 The passage is probably taken from a _ A. report B. magazine C. text book D. science book 5.推理判断题选项特点 (1)正确选项特点: 是