北师大版英语（2019新版）必修第二册 Unit 5 Huamns and nature 单元词汇讲解.docx

1、1 Topic Talk 1. disaster n. 灾难; 彻底的失败; 不幸; 祸患; 变形 复数: disasters An investigation is underway to find out how the disaster happened. 调查已经展开，以查明灾难是如何发生的。 It would be a disaster for them not to reach the semi-finals. 如果不能挺进半决赛，对他们来说就是完败。 2. flood n. 洪水; 泛滥; 溢流; 探照灯; Flood waters washed away one of the

2、main bridges in Pusan. 洪水冲垮了釜山的一座主要桥梁。 vi. 涌出; 为水淹没; 大批涌入;大量云集 Large numbers of immigrants flooded into the area. 大量移民涌入这个地区 vt. 淹没; Many streams have flooded their banks, making some roads impassable. 许多小河的水已经漫过堤岸，造成一些道路不能通行。 3. volcanic adj. 火山的; 猛烈的; 暴烈的; Over 200 people have been killed by volca

3、nic eruptions. 火山喷发已导致 200 多人丧生。 volcano n. 火山; 复数: volcanoes The volcano erupted last year killing about 600 people. 去年那座火山喷发致使约 600 人遇难。 4. eruption n. 喷发，爆发; 复数: eruptions The temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 BC. 庙宇在公元前 1470 年猛烈的火山爆发中摧毁了. erupt vi. 爆发; 喷发; 突然发生; 出疹; vt. 爆发; He

4、 says its like a volcano ready to erupt. 他说这就像一座即将喷发的火山。 5. wildlife n. 野生的鸟兽等; adj. 野生生物的; Environmentalists will be on the watch for damage to wildlife. 环境保护主义者将会密切关注对野生动物造成的伤害。 2 The island offers such a wide variety of scenery and wildlife. 这个岛屿拥有丰富多样的景致及种类繁多的野生动植物。 6. comment n. 评论; 解释; 批评; 指责;

5、 v. 表达意见; 作出评论; This practice embarrassed Luther, but he let it pass without comment. 这种做法让卢瑟难堪，但是他未置一词。 You really cant comment till you know the facts. 知道真相之前，不要发表任何意见。 7Shock n. 休克; 震惊; 震动; 打击; The documentary left me in a state of shock. 那部纪录片使我大为震惊。 vt. 使休克; 使震惊; 使震动; 使受电击; vi. 感到震惊; 受到震动; Reli

6、ef workers were shocked by what they saw. 救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。 Lesson 1 1. escape vi. 逃脱; （气体， 液体等） 漏出; （未受伤或只受了一点伤害而） 逃脱; 声音 （不自觉地） 由发出; The driver managed to escape from the vehicle and shout a warning. 那名司机设法从车里逃了出来并大声警告别人。 vt. No detail was too small to escape her attention. 再小的细节都逃不过她的眼睛。 n. 逃走; 逃跑工具

7、或方法; 野生种; 泄漏; I hear you had a very narrow escape on the bridge. 我听说你在桥上险些出事。 2. survive vi. 幸存，活下来; vt. 比活得长，经历之后还存在; 幸存; vt. 挺过; 艰难度过; For centuries farmers there have only just managed to survive. 几个世纪以来，那里的农民只能勉强维持生计。 The time has come for action if these beautiful animals are to survive. 若要使这些美

8、丽的动物能生存下去，现在就要行动起来。 These plants cannot survive in very cold conditions. 3 这些植物在严寒中不能存活。 3. poetry n. 诗，诗歌; 诗意，诗情; 作诗; 诗歌艺术; poem n. 诗; 韵文; 诗一样的作品; 富有诗意的东西; 复数: poems poet n. 诗人; 空想家; 古典芭蕾舞大师; 复数: poets 4. soul n. 灵魂; 精神; 幽灵; 人; I will put my heart and soul into the job, he promises. “我会全身心投入到工作中去，”

9、他保证说。 He dedicated himself body and soul to the education of young men. 他全身心地投入到年轻人的教育中。 5. frightened adj. 害怕的; 受惊的; In a way, I suppose Im frightened of failing. 我想我有点惧怕失败。 Alice wasnt the least bit frightened. 艾丽斯一点儿都不怕。 frightening adj. 令人恐惧的; 引起突然惊恐的; 吓人; Failure is never quite so frightening a

10、s regret do. 比失败更令人恐惧的是懊悔。 It was a very frightening experience and they were very courageous. 那是一次让人胆战心惊的经历，而他们表现得非常勇敢。 frighten vt. 使惊恐，使恐慌; 吓走，赶走; vi. 害怕，惊恐; He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm . 他永远不会吓唬或伤害任何人。 6. horrible adj. 可怕的; 极不友好的; 极讨厌的; 令人震惊的; Loneliness can be horrible

11、, but it need not remain that way. 孤独可能会很可怕，但也并非一定如此。 7. curious adj. 好奇的; 好求知的; 奇妙的; 稀奇的; They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。 curiously adv. 好奇地; 奇异地; 奇怪地; 说来古怪; He looked curiously at the people. 他好奇地看着那些人。 8. observation n. 观察; 观察力; 评论; 观察所得; 4 She has good

12、 powers of observation. 她的观察力很敏锐。 observe vt. 研究; vt. 遵守; 观察; 庆祝; vi. 注意; 说; 评述; 当 观察员; One must observe the rules. 我们(任何人)必须遵守规则. Are there any classes I could observe? 有我可以观摩的课吗？ One should not only observe but also help. 不但要看,而且要帮. 9. equal adj. 相等的，平等的; 平稳的; 势均力敌的; 胜任的; They are now trying to co

13、mpete on an equal footing. 他们现在想要公平竞争。 n. 同样的人; 相等的数量; 能与之比拟的东西; （地位、实力等）相同的人; The film demands attention, and has no equal in cinema history. 那部电影众人瞩目，在电影史上无与伦比。 vt. 等于; 比得上; 使相等; 同样看待; vi. 相等，相平（与 out 连用）; 变形 过去分词: equalled 复数: equals 过去式: equalled 现在分词: equalling 第三人称单数: equals No amount of money

14、 can equal memories like that. 再多的金钱也比不上那样的记忆。 2x plus y equals 7 (2x+y=7) 2x 加 y 等于 7。 Cooperation equals success. 合作意味着成功。 10. extent n. 程度; 长度; 广大地域; 扣押; 复数: extents The new race track is nearly six miles in extent. 这条新跑道将近六英里长. To a certain extent its easier for men to get work. 在一定程度上，男性更容易找到工作

15、。 It is difficult to assess the full extent of the damage. 损失情况难以全面估计。 11. tube 5 n. 管，管状物; 电子管; 地铁; 电视机; The only baseball he saw was on the tube. 他看过的唯一一场棒球赛是在电视上看的。 I took the tube then the train and came straight here. 我先乘地铁，然后坐火车直奔这里。 Lesson 2 1. rescue vt. 营救，救援，使免遭损失; 法律 非法劫回; Helicopters res

16、cued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building. 直升机从失火大楼的楼顶救出了将近 20 人。 n. 营救，救援; 营救救援行动; Lights clipped onto life jackets improve the chances of rescue. 别在救生衣上的灯提高了获救可能性。 2. vehicle n. 车辆; 交通工具; 手段; 工具; 复数: vehicles The driver managed to escape from the vehicle and shout a warning. 那名司机

17、设法从车里逃了出来并大声警告别人。 3. trap n. 圈套; （对付人的）计谋; （练习射击用的）抛靶器; （捕捉动物的）夹子; Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap. 他毫无觉察，径直走入陷阱。 vt. 诱骗; 使受限制; 困住; 使（水与气体等）分离; vi. 设陷阱; 装捕捉机; 设圈套; 过去分词: trapped 复数: traps 过去式: trapped 现在分词: trapping 第三人称单数: traps The locals were encouraged to trap and kill the bird

18、s. 当地居民过去被鼓励设捕捉器捕杀这种鸟。 4. attempt vt. 试图; 尝试; Before I could attempt a reply he added over his shoulder: Wait there. 还没等我回答他就回头又说了一句：“在那儿等着。” n. 进攻; 尝试，冲击; Everything is almost ready for me to make another attempt on the record. 一切几乎都已准备就绪，就等我向纪录发起再一次冲击了。 5. interrupt 6 vt. 阻止; 截断; vt. 暂停; 中断; 打扰; 妨

19、碍; vi. 打断; He tried to speak, but she interrupted him. 他想说话,但被她打断了。 Taller plants interrupt the views from the house. 稍高些的植物遮挡了房内的视线。 6death n. 死亡; （某种）死法，死亡方式; 病危; 死神; 复数: deaths He was near to death after a car smash. 他差点在一场撞车事故中丧命。 In high school I was scared to death of you. 高中时我怕你怕得要命。 dead adj

20、. 死去的; 完全的; 无感觉的; 呆板的; This made that holiday week a particularly dead period. 这让那一周的假期显得特别沉闷。 This bottles dead. But weve got another one. 这一瓶已经空了，不过我们还有一瓶。 On another occasion I answered the phone and the line went dead. 还有一回，我一接电话，就掉线了。 adv. 完全地; 非常; 绝对; 极度; Their arrows are dead on target. 他们的箭正

21、中靶心。 His poems sound dead boring, actually. 实际上，他的诗听起来非常乏味。 n. the dead 死者; The dead and wounded in that one attack amounted to 6 000. 仅那一次进攻就死伤达 6 000 人。 die vt. 凋零，枯萎; 渴望，盼望; 过去分词: died 过去式: died 现在分词: dying 第三人称单数: dies A new study proved conclusively that smokers die younger than non-smokers. 一项

22、新的研究确证了吸烟者比不吸烟者死得早。 Im dying for a breath of fresh air. 我非常渴望能呼吸到新鲜空气。 She was dying to talk to Frank. 她很想同弗兰克谈谈。 7 7loss n. 损失，减少; 丢失，遗失; 损耗，亏损; 失败; 复数: losses My throat was dry. I was at a loss for words. 我喉咙很干，不知说什么才好。 I was at a loss for what to do next. 下一步该怎么做，我完全没谱。 In 1986 Rover made a loss

23、of nine hundred million pounds. 1986 年，路虎亏损 9 亿英镑。 8damage vt. Environmentalists will be on the watch for damage to wildlife. 环境保护主义者将会密切关注对野生动物造成的伤害。 n. 损害，损毁; 赔偿金; The company cannot accept responsibility for loss or damage. 公司不承担丢失或损坏的责任。 9measure n. 测量，测度; 措施; 程度; 尺寸; The government warned that

24、police would take tougher measures to contain the trouble. 政府警告说，警方将采取更为强硬的措施来遏制动乱。 That is a measure of how bad things have become at the bank. 那简直就是银行里糟糕局面的写照。 vt. 测量; 估量; vi. 测量; 测量（大小，容量，尺寸等）; The house is more than twenty metres long and measures six metres in width. 这座房子长 20 多米，宽 6 米。 10operat

25、ion n. 操作，经营; 手术; 数运算; 作用; She hated hospitals and didnt like the idea of having an operation. 她讨厌医院，也不想做手术。 My office is the nerve centre of the operation. 我的办公室是此次行动的控制中心。 operate vt. 操作; 经营; 管理; vi. 开刀; （对）动手术; 动手术; （在 某地）采取军事行动; vt. 操作，控制，使运行; Trains start at 11.00 and an hourly service will ope

26、rate until 16.00. 火车 11 点开始发出，每小时一班，一直运营到 16 点。 11. overseas 8 adv. 在向海外，在向国外; The product is sold both at home and overseas. 这个产品行销国内外。 adj. （在）海外的， （在）国外的; （向或来自）外国的; He has returned to South Africa from his long overseas trip. 他结束了漫长的海外旅行回到南非。 12. site n. 地点，位置，场所; 计算机网站; 遗址; 地皮; Houston was chos

27、en as the site for the convention. 休斯敦被选作大会的会址。 A guide gives a brief talk on the history of the site. 导游简要地介绍了那个遗址的历史。 vt. 使坐落在; 安放，设置; 给造址; 为提供场所; He said chemical weapons had never been sited in Germany. 他声称从未在德国部署过化学武器。 13. process n. 过程; 工序; 做事方法; 工艺流程; They decided to spread the building proce

28、ss over three years. 他们决定用 3 年时间建成。 vt. 加工; 处理; 审阅; 审核; vi. 列队行进; Most of the food we buy is processed in some way. 我们买的大部分食品都用某种方法加工过。 It will take a week for your application to be processed. 审核你的申请需要一周时间。 14. battle vt. 争斗; I had to battle hard just to stay afloat. 我得用力挣扎才能勉强浮住。 The two sides wil

29、l battle it out in the final next week. 双方将于下周决赛中决一胜负。 n. 战争，战役; 比赛，较量; 长期论战或长期作战; 激烈的竞争; She has fought a constant battle with her weight. 她一直在竭力控制体重。 15. duty n. 职责，责任; 义务; 职责或工作; 税收; 复数: duties 9 Four officers were told to go off duty and rest at home. 四名官员已经被通知停职在家休整。 I dont want you to visit me

30、 simply out of a sense of duty . 我不希望你只是出于责任感才来看我。 It is my duty to report it to the police. 把这事报告给警方是我的责任。 16. suffering n. 受苦，遭难; 苦楚，苦难; 令人痛苦的事; 复数: sufferings It has caused terrible suffering to animals. 那给动物们带来了可怕的灾难。 17. conduct n. v. 组织; 实施; 执行; 指挥; He conducted himself far better than expecte

31、d. 他表现得比预料的要好得多。 There was growing criticism of the governments conduct of the war. 政府对战争的指挥方式受到越来越多的指责。 18. protection n. 保护; 护照; 经保护贸易制，保护政策; （向歹徒缴纳的）保护费; Wear clothes that provide adequate protection against the wind and rain. 穿上足以防风雨的衣服。 protect vt. 保护，保卫; 贸易保护; 备款以支付; A long thin wool coat and

32、a purple headscarf protected her against the wind. 一件薄薄的羊毛长外套和一条紫色的头巾为她挡了风。 19. lamp n. 灯; 发热灯，照射灯; The desk lamp fell to the floor with a crash. 台灯哗啦一声掉到地上. In the evenings we eat by the light of an oil lamp. 晚上我们便在一盏油灯下吃饭。 20. nearby adj. 在附近的，位于附近的; Her mother lived in a nearby town. 她母亲住在附近一个小镇上

33、。 There were complaints from nearby residents. 附近的居民有些怨言。 adv. 附近地，不远地; They live nearby. 10 他们住在附近。 The car is parked nearby. 车就停在附近。 21. breathe vi. 呼吸; 活着，生存; 小憩一会儿，歇歇气; 散发香气; vt. 呼吸; 吸进（如香气）; 尤指平静地吐露，低语; 使明显的，暗示; Hold your breath for a count of five, then slowly breathe out. 屏住气息数五下，然后慢慢地呼气。 Alw

34、ays breathe through your nose. 要一直用鼻子呼吸。 Dont worry, I wouldnt breathe a word of your secret. 别担心, 我不会泄漏你的秘密. breathe in 吸气; 通过呼吸吸入; 全神贯注地听; We lifted our heads to breathe in the fresh, clear air. 我们抬起头,吸进新鲜 、 干净的空气. People could die if they breathe in that smoke! 人要是将这烟吸进去就会死的! 22. dust n. 灰尘; （建筑物

35、内、家具或地板等上的）灰尘; It was hard to see the colours under the layer of dust. 蒙了一层灰尘后颜色就很难看清了。 23. run out 用完; 耗尽; 跑出去; 到期; Time is running out. 时间不多了。 Were running out of time. 我们快没有时间了。 Lesson 3 1. explorer n. 探险家; 勘探者; 探测器; 医探针; The explorer related his adventures. 探险者叙述他的冒险经历. explore vi. 勘查， 探测， 勘探; 医

36、探查（伤处等） ，探索，研究; vt. 探索， 探究， 仔细查看; Children use fantasy to explore worrying aspects of real life. 孩子们用幻想来探索实际生活中令人不安的各种事情。 11 exploration n. 探测，勘探，探险; 搜索，研究; 医探查术; We set out on this voyage of exploration with an open mind. 我们以开放的心态开始了这次探索之旅。 2. preparation n. 准备，预备; 准备工作; 配制品; 制剂; Preparation for th

37、e party started early. 聚会的准备工作很早就开始了。 She stressed the importance of careful preparation. 她强调了认真准备的重要性。 prepare vt. 准备; 预备（饭菜）; 配备; 使（自己）有准备; vt. 做好思想准备; 作出，制订; 锻炼（身体等） ，训练; 3. base n. 基础; 基地; 根据; 基数（如十进制的 10 和二进制的 2）; vt. 基于; 把建立在; 把放在或设在（基地）; 把置于底座（或基座）上; His arguments have a sound economic base.

38、他的论点有充分的经济上的根据。 Were going to base ourselves in Tokyo and make trips from there. 我们将以东京为据点到各地旅行。 be based on 以为基础; Action should be based on solid facts. 行动应有确凿的事实为依据. 4. anxiously adv. 焦急地，担忧地; 眼巴巴; 亟; We watched anxiously during her descent from the tree. 我们焦急地看着她从树上爬下来. He is anxiously awaiting t

39、he result of the medical tests. 他焦急地等待着体格检查的结果. anxious adj. 焦急的; 渴望的; 令人焦虑的; 流露出忧虑的; They were anxious to bring the washing in before it rained. 他们急于在下雨前把洗好的衣服收进屋子。 5. break down 失败; 划分（以便分析）; 损坏; 衰弱下来; 分解；将分成若干部分 The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统瘫痪了。 Her health broke down under the pressu

40、re of work. 她因工作压力身体垮掉了。 12 6. ambition n. 抱负; 渴望得到的东西; 追求的目标; 夙愿; His burning ambition was to study medicine. 他梦寐以求的是学医。 She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition. 她很聪明，但却缺乏远大志向。 ambitious adj. 有雄心的; 有野心的; 费力的; 耗资的; Their goal was extraordinarily ambitious. 他们的目标极其宏伟。 7. cheerful adj

41、. 欢乐的，高兴的; 令人愉快的; His cheerful face brightens up the dullest of days. 他的笑脸让最乏味的日子变得充满生气。 Jack sounded quite cheerful about the idea. 杰克好像对这个想法很高兴。 8. prove v. to show that sth is true 证明；证实 动词 + 名词短语 They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence. 他们希望这一新证据能证明她无罪。 Just give me a chance and Ill

42、 prove it to you. 只要给我个机会，我会证明给你看。 What are you trying to prove ? 你想证明什么？ 动词 (+ that 从句) This proves (that) I was right. 这证明我是对的。 动词 + 名词短语 + 形容词 She was determined to prove everyone wrong. 她决心证明大家都错了。 In this country, you are innocent until proved guilty. 在这个国家，一个人在被证实有罪之前，就是清白的。 动词 + wh-从句 This ju

43、st proves what I have been saying for some time. 这恰好证实了我长久以来所说的。 proof n. B 后来被发现是；最终显现为. 相当于 turn out 13 动词 + 形容词 The opposition proved too strong for him. 这个对手过于强劲，使得他难以招架。 动词 + 名词短语 Shares in the industry proved a poor investment. 事实证明投资这个行业的股票是一个失败。 动词 + 带 to 的不定式 The promotion proved to be a tu

44、rning point in his career. 这次提升最后证明是他职业生涯的一个转折点。 C. yourself (to sb) to show other people how good you are at doing sth or that you are capable of doing sth 展现，展示，显示（自己的才能） He constantly feels he has to prove himself to others. 他时常觉得自己必须向人一展身手。 9distant adj. 遥远的; 冷漠的，冷淡的; 远离的，远隔的; 不太清晰的; The time we

45、 spent together is now a distant memory. 我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。 Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone. 从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。 There was a distant look in her eyes; her mind was obviously on something else. 她眼神恍惚，显然心里在想着别的什么事儿。 distance n. 距离，路程; 远处; 疏远; （时间的）间隔，长久; The beach is within walking dista

46、nce of my house (= you can walk there easily) . 海滩离我家很近，走几步路就到了。 10continent n. 大陆，陆地; 欧洲大陆; 洲; We import an incredible amount of cheese from the Continent. 我们从欧洲大陆进口数量惊人的奶酪。 continental breakfast n. 欧式早餐; 11. honesty n. 诚实，真诚; 正直; He enjoys a reputation for honesty. 他出了名地老实。 The secret of success i

47、s honesty and fair dealing. 成功的秘诀在于诚实和公平交易。 honest adj. 诚实的; 坦诚的; 老实的; 辛勤挣得的; To be honest , it was one of the worst books Ive ever read. 说实在的，那是我读过的最差的书之一。 14 Thank you for being so honest with me. 感谢你对我这么坦诚。 12. sincerity n. 真挚，诚心诚意，诚意; 笃实; 襟怀坦白; I was impressed with his deep sincerity. 他的无比真诚让我印象

48、深刻。 sincere adj. 真诚的，诚挚的; 古纯粹的，不掺假的; 真心实意的; 真实的; Permit me to offer you my sincere congratulations. 谨致衷心祝贺。 13. bravery n. 勇敢，勇气; 辉煌，华丽; 刚毅; 复数: braveries He deserves the highest praise for his bravery. 他的英勇行为应该获得最高的赞誉。 brave adj. 勇敢的; 需要勇气的; 华丽的; 漂亮的; Sometimes I am not as brave as I should be. 有时我表现得不够勇敢。 Youre brave and courageous. You can make it. 你勇敢无畏，一定会获得成功。 Writing workshop 1. brochure n. 小册子，手册; The brochure offers a wide choice of hotels, apartments and holiday homes. 这本小册子提供了很多宾馆、公寓、度假屋供选择。 2. shelter n. 居所; 避难所; （无家可归者或受虐