2021年新课标（老高考）英语复习练习课件：专题十一　推理判断.pptx

1、A A组组 统一命题统一命题课标卷题组课标卷题组 Passage 1(2020课标全国,C) Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely con- tributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Ol

2、ympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules re- quire that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in con- tact(接触) with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walk

3、ing such an attrac- tive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour woul

4、d burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. Accord- ing

5、 to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, ar

6、e uncom- mon among race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experien

7、ced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 1.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A.They must run long distances. B.They are qualified for the marathon. C.They have to follow special rules. D.They are good at swinging their legs. 2.What advantage does race walking h

8、ave over running? A.Its more popular at the Olympics. B.Its less challenging physically. C.Its more effective in body building. D.Its less likely to cause knee injuries. 3.What is Dr. Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking? A.Getting experts opinions. B.Having a medical checkup. C.Hirin

9、g an experienced coach. D.Doing regular exercises. 4.Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking? A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Tolerant. D.Conservative. 答案答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是竞走运动。文章介绍了竞走 运动的特点及其利弊。文章旨在培养学生了解运动,认识体育,积极、科学地参加体育活动的品 质。 1.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么竞走运动员是有特殊要求的运动员?

10、根据文章的第二段 可知,竞走运动有非常特殊的动作要求,所以C项(他们不得不遵守特别的规则)正确。A:他们必须 跑长距离;B:他们有跑马拉松的资格;D:他们善于摆腿。 2.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:和跑步相比,竞走有什么优势?根据文章最后一段的第一句可 知,一些和跑步相关的身体损伤,如膝盖损伤,在竞走中就不常见,故D项正确。A:它在奥运会中更 受欢迎;B:它对身体的要求更小;C:它对健身更有效果。 3.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:Norberg 博士对想尝试竞走的人的建议是什么?根据文章最后 一段的倒数第二句话可知,博士认为,任何一个想尝试竞走运动的人都要先向教练或有经验的竞走 运动员学习

11、正确的技巧。故A项正确。B:做医疗检查;C:雇一个有经验的教练;D:经常锻炼。 4.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:哪个单词可以最准确地描述作者对竞走的态度?在文章中,作者 只是客观地介绍了竞走运动的特点以及优缺点,并没有表现自己的态度,因此B项(客观的)正确。 A:怀疑的;C:宽容的;D:保守的。 Passage 2(2020课标全国,D) I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, som

12、etimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I

13、 did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time. As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源)of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go t

14、o the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderme

15、nt of books. Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation. As a novelist, Ive found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local li- brary when they cant afford

16、 to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港)for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为)and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to

17、use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. 1.Which word best describes the authors relationship with books as a child? A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual. 2.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in par

18、agraph 3 refer to? A.Pleasure from working in the library. B.Joy of reading passed on in the family. C.Wonderment from acting out the stories. D.A closer bond developed with the readers. 3.What does the author call on other writers to do? A.Sponsor book fairs. B.Write for social media. C.Support lib

19、raries. D.Purchase her novels. 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A.Reading:A Source of Knowledge B.My Idea about Writing C.Library:A Haven for the Young D.My Love of the Library 高考词块高考词块 1.enthusiastic/njuzistk/ adj. 热情的 2.bond with 增强(与某人的)信任关系;建立(与某人的)互信关系 3.wonderment/wndmnt/ n.惊喜,惊叹

20、4.frequent/frikwent/ v. 常去,常到(某处) 答案答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为终身学习。文章介绍了作 者不同时期与图书馆的不解之缘。本文旨在培养学生对书籍的热爱,有助于学生成长为有素养的 人。 1.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:哪一个词最能描述当作者是个孩子的时候,她与书籍的关系? 根据第一段中Stories were like air to me(故事于我就像空气对我的重要性一样)可知C项正确。 in- separable:不可分离的,分不开的。A:合作的,同心协力的;B:忧虑的,不安的;D:不经意的,漫不经心 的。 2.B 猜测

21、词义题。本题题干意为:第三段中画线短语“an added meaning”指的是什么?第三段讲 述了作者成为妈妈后,图书馆对自己和孩子们的意义。故B项(家庭中传承的阅读的快乐)正 确。A:在图书馆工作的快乐;C:表演故事的惊喜;D:培养的与读者更紧密的关系。 3.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:作者号召其他作家做什么?根据文章最后一段中的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way.可知,作者认为所有的作家应该支持图书馆。 故答案为C项。 A:赞助书市;B:为社交媒体写作;D:购买她的小说。 4.D 主旨要义题

22、。本题题干意为:哪一个可以是适合本文的标题?文章从作者的童年、少年、青 年到老年与图书馆的关系展开,说明作者对图书馆的热爱。故选D项。A:阅读:知识的源泉;B:我的 写作信念;C:图书馆:青年人的避风港。 长难句长难句 I see libraries as a safe haven for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book.我把图书馆看作是读者和作家的安全的避风港,一座帮助读者和书籍联系到一起的桥 梁。 本句是一个主从复合句。that 引导定语从句,先行词是a bridge。 P

23、assage 3(2020课标全国,C) With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more fami- lies are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstair

24、s with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristolone of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitc

25、hen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in:“We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.” And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it al

26、l seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.” Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three genera- tions living together had

27、 risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly par- ents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 2 0% of 25-34-year-olds live with their pare

28、nts, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are exp

29、ected to move in with their husbands family when they get married. 1.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol? A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn. D.The daughters. 2.What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law? A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwill

30、ing. 3.What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on? A.Family traditions. B.Financial reports. C.Published statistics. D.Public opinions. 4.What is the text mainly about? A.Lifestyles in different countries. B.Conflicts between generations. C.A housing problem in Britain. D.

31、A rising trend of living in the UK. 高考词块高考词块 1.mother-in-law n.岳母,婆婆 2.firmly/fmli/ adv.坚固地,坚定地 答案答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为家庭生活。文章通过Nick一家 与岳母共同生活的例子来说明英国越来越多的家庭开始选择多代同住的生活方式。本文侧重于 培养学生的文化意识。 1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中,谁主要使用一楼? 根据第 二段可知, Nick的岳母住在一楼,而他和妻子以及两个女儿住在楼上。第三段和第四段都提到 Nick的岳母的名字

32、Rita,故选B。 2.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:Nick对与岳母合住这所房子持什么态度?根据第五段可知,Nick 对于和岳母共同生活感到非常满意。故选择A(积极的)。B:无忧无虑的;C:宽容的;D:不愿意的。 3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者关于多代同住家庭的表述基于什么?由第六段的官方报告 (Official reports)提供的数据可知C选项(发布的统计数据)正确。A:家庭传统;B:财政报告;D:公众意见。 4.D 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:这篇文章的主要内容是什么?文章主要讲的是越来越多的英国 人开始选择多代同住的生活方式,故D选项(英国一种上升的生活趋势)正确。A:不同国

33、家的生活 方式;B:不同代人之间的冲突;C:英国的住房问题。 长难句长难句 Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.这样的故事在世界上多代同住更为根深蒂固的地方更为常见。 本句中where引导定语从句,先行词为parts of the world。 Passage 4(2019课标全国,C) As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the mar

34、ket is growing for biometric (生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.

35、This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person.

36、Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by exten- sion, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right. It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses

37、a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low erro

38、r rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard? A.To reduce pressure on keys. B.To impr

39、ove accuracy in typing. C.To replace the password system. D.To cut the cost of e-space protection. 2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible? A.Computers are much easier to operate. B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast. C.Typing patterns vary from person to person. D.Data s

40、ecurity measures are guaranteed. 3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard? A.Itll be environment-friendly. B.Itll reach consumers soon. C.Itll be made of plastics. D.Itll help speed up typing. 4.Where is this text most likely from? A.A diary. B.A guidebook. C.A novel. D.A magazine. 高考词

41、块高考词块 1.identity /adentti/n.身份;特征 2.unique /junik/adj.独特的;独具的,特有的 3.straightforward /stretfwd/adj.简单的;坦率的 mercialize /kmlaz/v.商业化 答案答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是科学与技术,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章介绍了 Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的装置智能键盘,来保护私人的电子空间,并希望 这种设备能尽快进入市场,服务消费者。本文侧重培养学生的创新能力。 1.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们为什么研发智能键盘?根据文章第一段可知,

42、现在一些 阻止别人进入私人电子空间的技术成本仍然很高。因此,来自Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一 种低成本的(low-cost)装置智能键盘,来应对这个问题。所以答案为D项:减少电子空间保护的 成本。A:减轻对按键的压力;B:提升打字的精确度;C:取代密码系统。 2.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使智能键盘这项发明成为可能?根据第二段第四句 “These patterns are unique to each person.”可知,因为每个人的打字模式各不相同,所以智能键盘 能识别人的身份,保护人的隐私。所以答案为C项:打字模式因人而异。A:计算机很容易操作;B:指 纹扫描技术发

43、展很快;D:数据安全措施有保证。 3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们对智能键盘期待什么?根据文章最后一段最后两句话, 研究者们说键盘应该直接商业化,智能键盘主要是由价格低廉的塑料类配件制成,团队希望它在不 久的将来进入市场。所以答案为B项(它将很快到达消费者手里)。A:它将是环保的;C:它将用塑 料制造。此项为干扰项,用塑料制造是事实,但不是将来发生的事;D:它将有助于加速打字。 4.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:这篇文章最有可能来自哪里?文章介绍了一种新的保护电子空 间隐私的设备智能键盘,并且希望产品能很快走进市场。本文语言客观严谨,属于科普类文 章,故答案为D项:杂志。A:日记;B

44、:指导手册;C:小说。 长难句长难句 Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. 来自Georgia Tech的研究者说他们想出了一种低成本的解决 这个问题的设备:智能键盘。 该句主干为Researchers say that they have come up with a low-cost device。from Georgia Tech为介 词短语作后置定语,修饰Researc

45、hers;that gets around this problem是定语从句, 修饰先行词device。 Passage 5(2019课标全国,C) Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. A

46、ccordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that. The trend,

47、 then, was toward the “penny paper”a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street. This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible

48、(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of news- papers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the

49、price of single copies was seldom a penny usually two or three cents was chargedand some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny. This new trend of newspapers for “the m