高考英语复习-阅读理解主旨大意题.ppt

1、阅读理解主旨大意题阅读理解主旨大意题 1、细节理解题、细节理解题 (questions of details) 2、词义猜测题、词义猜测题 (words in context) 3、推理判断题、推理判断题 (questions of inference) 4、主旨归纳题、主旨归纳题 (main idea) 4、主旨归纳题、主旨归纳题 (main idea) Question forms: 1.主题类主题类 （1).The main idea of the passage is _. (2). The passage is mainly about _. (3). What is the pas

2、sage mainly about? (4). Which of the following statement can best summarize/ sum up the main idea of the passage? (5). Whats the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage? Question forms: 2.标题类标题类 （1).The best title/headline for this passage might be_. (2).The text (Passage) could be entit

3、led _. (3).What is the best title for the passage? (4).Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 3.作者意图类作者意图类 (1).The authors main purpose in writing the passage is _. (2).The passage is meant to _. (3).The purpose of this article is _. (4).The authors purpose is to show _

4、. 主旨大意主旨大意 How do we get the main idea from a paragraph or passage? 查找主旨、标题时，注意最基本、查找主旨、标题时，注意最基本、 最具有概括力的信息。最具有概括力的信息。 1.Choose the most general word. A) chemist B) physicist C) scientist D) biologist 2.Choose the most general sentence. A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. dai

5、ly. B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C) The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D) There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. 1 English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and

6、airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English. Find the topic sentence Find the topic sentence 2.Let us consider how voice training may contribute to personality development and an improved social adjustment. In the first place

7、, it has been fairly well established that individuals tend to become what they believe other people think them to be. When people react more favorably toward us because our voices convey the impression that we are friendly, competent, and interesting, there is a strong tendency for us to develop th

8、ose qualities in our personality. If we are treated with respect by others, we soon come to have more respect for ourselves. Then, too, ones own consciousness of having a pleasant, effective voice of which he does not need to be ashamed contributes materially to a feeling of poise（泰然自若）, self-confid

9、ence, and a just pride in himself. A good voice, like good clothes can do much for an ego（自我） that otherwise might be inclined to droop（萎靡）. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is: A) Our Ego B) The Reflection of Our Personality C) How to Acquire a Pleasant Voice D) Voice Trainin

10、g in Personality Development Tip 1:at the beginning 主题句主题句( Topic sentence)在段首在段首:一个主题句常常是一个主题句常常是 一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在议议 论文，科技文献和新闻报道论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。中多采用这种格式。 3. Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on

11、 their own(by themselves) . Still others like a democratic(民主的民主的) discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised(design) to satisfy all students at the same time. 4. Handshaking, though a European practice, is now often seen in big cities of China. It is said that long long ago in

12、Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (无武器的无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each others hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among

13、 friends on meeting or leaving each other. Lets shake (hands) on it sometimes means agreement reached. Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your han

14、d when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her. Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. There is generally a mi

15、sunderstanding(误解误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries are more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only whe

16、n he shows interest in further relations with you. 67. The main purpose of the text is_. A. to tell us some differences between the East and the West B. to offer us some important facts about handshaking C. to introduce us to some different customs in the West D. to give us some advice before we tra

17、vel abroad Tip 2: at the end 主题句在段尾。主题句在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在 结尾句得到体现结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。它是此段内容的结论。 5. We surveyed local residents in three university towns throughout the state to find out their opinions on the students in those towns. W

18、e questioned over three thousand people and found that since our last survey three years ago, attitudes towards students have changed considerably. “Lazy” “scruffy” and “bad-mannered” was how more than 40% of those questioned described students， up from 22% in the last survey. This year only 25% con

19、sidered students to be “polite” and “friendly” compared with 39% three years ago. Overall, 49% considered students to be a positive part of the town compared to 58% last time. 3. 有些段落的主题句被安排在段落的中间有些段落的主题句被安排在段落的中间 since our last survey three years ago, attitudes towards students have changed conside

20、rably. Passage D 6. If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to te

21、ll you that he has another model, a much better set which is “just right for you”. It costs 395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying items on sale needs careful consideration of

22、the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale (detail) (detail) (detail) An example ( detail) effects the topic sentence is in the middle of the passage. Tip 3: at the middle 主题句在段中。主题句在段中。开段的句子作为引题，而主题则

23、由开段的句子作为引题，而主题则由 随之引出的句子来表达。为了阐明主题思想，在主题随之引出的句子来表达。为了阐明主题思想，在主题 句后，仍有一些句子陈述细节。其层次为：引题句后，仍有一些句子陈述细节。其层次为：引题-主题主题 -解释（细节）。解释（细节）。 7.Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat

24、with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi” when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface在表面上在表面上 , it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are impo

25、rtant are those involving one persons behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately towards others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country. 8. Theres as an old Saying: A coward （懦夫）（懦夫） dies ma

26、ny times; a hero dies but once. So it is with newspaperstheir death has been predicted many times, but they are still with us. But will they be with us forever? Newspapers have survived as long as they have because they can bring an in-depth coverage of issues that require time and consideration. Re

27、aders go to newspapers to learn about complex issues. Reputable newspapers become opinion leaders in their editorial and commentary columns, quite apart from their ability to investigate issues and become breakers of important news. However, the threat of the internet is likely to prove profound. Ma

28、ny young people now turn to the Web for news. However much radio and television led the attack on the newspaper as a news source, one of its main sources of income advertisings remained intact （未受影响的）（未受影响的）. Not only does the Web take readers, it also takes advertising. Many newspapermen see the th

29、reat of the Web as being of a new kind. Some publications will go under, but those which serve specialized markets and which are commercially solid will survive. The death of the newspaper has been predicted many times, but the newspaper is still with us and is likely to remain so. Theres as an old

30、Saying: A coward （懦夫）（懦夫） dies many times; a hero dies but once. So it is with newspaperstheir death has been predicted many times, but they are still with us. But will they be with us forever? Newspapers have survived as long as they have because they can bring an in-depth coverage of issues that r

31、equire time and consideration. Readers go to newspapers to learn about complex issues. Reputable newspapers become opinion leaders in their editorial and commentary columns, quite apart from their ability to investigate issues and become breakers of important news. However, the threat of the interne

32、t is likely to prove profound. Many young people now turn to the Web for news. However much radio and television led the attack on the newspaper as a news source, one of its main sources of income advertisings remained intact （未受影响的）（未受影响的）. Not only does the Web take readers, it also takes advertis

33、ing. Many newspapermen see the threat of the Web as being of a new kind. Some publications will go under, but those which serve specialized markets and which are commercially solid will survive. The death of the newspaper has been predicted many times, but the newspaper is still with us and is likel

34、y to remain so. What might be the most suitable title for the text? A. The newspaper VS the Web B. Why do people read newspaper? C. What do you like to read? D. Death of the newspaper? Tip 4: at both the beginning and the end This paragraph begins with a topic sentence and ends with a restatement of

35、 the same topic sentece在在 文章开头和结尾文章开头和结尾 :首尾呼应，为突出主题首尾呼应，为突出主题, 作者先提出主作者先提出主 题题, 结尾时再次点出主题结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式常用这种首尾呼应的写作方式常用 于于记叙文，议论文记叙文，议论文，但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重，但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重 复复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。 Topic sentence& paragraph other info. other info. Topic sentence& paragrap

36、h Topic sentence ¶graph other info. info & example Topic sentence & paragraph Topic sentence & paragraph example & other info If there is no topic sentence in the passage, what should we do to get the main idea or choose the best title? Sometimes there is no topic sentence in the passage. Summar

37、ize the main idea in our own words and then choose the best title. Three main steps: First, get the main idea of each paragraph. Second, summarize the main idea in our own words, according to the structure of the passage. Third, compare it with the choices to see which one is the best. 9. Tom studie

38、d four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Flor

39、ida. The main idea of this paragraph is that _. partial details A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university. B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College. C. Tom was an excellent student when he studie

40、d at Berlin university. D. Tom received an excellent education. Tip 5: No specific topic sentence, so readers should summarize from all the details. 从段落中归纳要点抓大意从段落中归纳要点抓大意.有些文章无有些文章无明确的主题句明确的主题句.这就这就 要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实细节细节来概括来概括 总结主旨大意。总结主旨大意。 注意注意：1. 不能以偏概全不能以偏概全. 2. 不能过于宽泛，要恰

41、如其分。不能过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 3. 注意多次出现的高频词或主题词注意多次出现的高频词或主题词 d e t a i l s Paragraph ideas Passage idea 1 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. 2 Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519,

42、he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of

43、hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they ret

44、urned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. 3 Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A.Magellans death. B.Going around the World. C.The

45、World Is Round. D.Magellans Voyage. 10 1 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world . Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, h

46、e left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hu

47、nger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they retur

48、ned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. 1. time 2. ships and people 3. route 4. Sufferings and difficulties a. Lack of food and freshwater b. Hunger and diseases c. Deaths The process of Magellans long difficult voyage 5. success 3 Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball. Magellans voyage proved the earth is round. 1 Magellans men we