被动语态专项讲解与巩固拓展练习（有答案）.docx

1、被动语态被动语态 一：一：语态的基本概念和种类语态的基本概念和种类 1. 语态是动词的一种形式， 用来说明主语和谓语的关系。 英语的动词可分为主动语态主动语态(active voice)和被动语态被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是 动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转化。 She typed a letter. (主动，主语 She 是 type 动作的执行者) A letter was typed by her.（被动，主语 A letter 是 typed 动作的承受者） 2. 被动语态的概述被动语态的概述 被动语态表示句子的主

2、语是动作的承受者， 也就是动作的对象， 一般说来只有及物动词才有 被动语态。 不同时态的被动形式： 二二：被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变 化表现出来的。 技巧技巧：被动语态：被动语态 be 字变，过去分词跟后面。字变，过去分词跟后面。 三三：使用：使用被动语态的被动语态的情况情况 1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁 偷的) This book was published i

3、n 1981. 这本书出版于 1981 年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 一般 进行 完成 现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done as/have heen done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done 过去将来 should/would be done This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 Eight ho

4、urs per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证。 技巧：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到 四四：主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 一）方法一）方法 将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get + 过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词 by 的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则 可以省略该 by 短语)。 Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was plan

5、ted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去 年栽的。 Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器 是长沙造的。 技巧：宾变主，主变宾，by 短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be 后“过分”来使用。 二）注意事项二）注意事项 1) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足 语则留在原处成为主语补足语。 He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green

6、 yesterday. 昨天门被漆成 绿色了。 注意：表示“使、让”的动词 make, have 等，以及感官动词 see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at 等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为 被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带 to。 I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office. 看见他进入了教师办公室。 2) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动

7、语态的主语，而在间接宾语 前加 to 或 for 留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词 之后。但一般采用后一种用法。 如： He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。 3) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。 She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。 The baby was looked after by her s

8、ister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。 His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。 4) 动词不定式的被动语态：即把 to do 变成 to be done 5） 动词 believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think 等的被动语态， 常有 两种结构形式。如： He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。 It was said that he got hurt in the car a

9、ccident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。 注意：注意： （1）get+及物动词的过去分词 get 常同 marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound 等动词的-ed 形式连用， 构成被动语态。 这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身， 常指“最 后终于，突然发生”等意义。 Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.大城市的女钟点工按小时付酬。 He got wounded in the ba

10、ttle. 他在战斗中受伤了。 The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 男孩在回家的路上受伤了。 get-型被动语态一般不可接 by 短语引出动作执行者， 如要表示动作的执行者， 则需用“be+ 及物动词的过去词”的形式。 误：The boy got hurt by a car on his way to school. 正：The boy was hurt by a car on his way to school. get-型被动语态一般不宜用在含有双宾语的结构中，也不宜与 see, hear, watch, listen to 等 感官动词

11、构成被动语态。 The old man was offered a large sum of money. （正）有人给了这位老人一大笔钱。 The old man got offered a large sum of money. ( 误) Some farmers were seen working in the fields.（正）只见一些农民正在田地里干活。 Some farmers got seen working in the fields.( 误) get-型被动语态有时有言外之意或具有感情色彩 He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。（有“活该”之意）

12、How did the window get closed. 窗户怎么关上了？（有“不该关上”之意） get-型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态，而 be+动词的-ed 形式只表示存在的状态。 She got tired. 她感到累了。（有开始感到疲劳的含义） She was tired. (只表示“她累了”) (2)seem, appear+动词的-ed 形式以及 stand, rest, grow, become 等+动词的-ed 形式也可表示被 动语态。 He seemed annoyed by his words. 她似乎被他的话激怒了。 Their curiosity grew ar

13、oused. 他们的好奇心被激起。 巩固练习：巩固练习：把下列主动语态改为被动语态把下列主动语态改为被动语态 1 We often use a recorder in our English class. 2 They will show a new film next week. 3 When did they build the house? 4 I saw the boy enter the room. 5 Will they show a new film next week? 6 Have they posted the letter yet? 7 We often see him

14、help his classmate. 8 You must turn off the light before you go to be.d 9 Who is repairing the bike? 10 The student should learn all the texts by heart. 五五：不用被动语态的情况不用被动语态的情况 1) 不及物动词及部分动词短语无被动语态： appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true

15、, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较： rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词；raise, seat 是及物动词。 The price has risen. The accident happened last week. The price has been raised. Please be seated. 2) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get,

16、grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn . It sounds good. 3) 带同源宾语的及物动词， 反身代词， 相互代词， 不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life . She dreamed a bad dream last night. 4) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her. 六：六：主动主动形式形式表被动的常见结构表被动的常见结构 (一).表示被动含义

17、的主动形式 1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有 taste(吃起来), sound (听起 来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到) (如 look, smell, prove 等)等, Your reason sounds reasonable. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 My advice proved to be wrong.我的意见证实是错的。 2) 当 open, close, shut, lock, move,

18、act 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用 主动形式表示被动意义： The door wont shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 It cant move.它不能动。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与 cant, wont 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同： The window wont shut. 这窗户关不上。 (说明主语的属性窗户有问题了) The window wont be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。 (窗户本身没问题，只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强

19、调重点稍有不同： Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) 3) 当 read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry， burn, cook, sell 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的 某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its

20、too soft.这乳酪不容易切，太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 These clothes wash well. 【注】 该用法通常与 well, easily, slowly, quickly, perfectly(十分地)等副词连用， 并且在用于以 上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。 不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态， 只是含 义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)： The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sent

21、ences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 4)用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词, This material has worn thin. 5) 某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end 等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执 行者时，可用主动形式表示被动意义： When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？ The play ended at ten oclock. 戏10点钟结束 6) 有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义： Where

22、is the new film showing? 这部新电影在哪里放映? My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。 Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。 (二) 1动名词动名词 Deserve, be worth(值得), want, need, require(等少数表示需要的动词)后所用的动名词,必须用 主动结构表示被动意义, These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) careful

23、ly. Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的头发该剪了。 The plants want watering every day. 这些花草得天天浇水。 This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修理了 “be worthy of +名词”结构:在这一结构中,名词和句子的主语有被动含义,如: a man worthy of support nothing worthy of praise 此结构后通常用表示行为的名词,而不用动名词的被动形式。 巩固练习巩固练习:选择题选择题 1. There are m

24、any good films played by Cheng Long that are worth_. A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see 2. The food_ easily and sells_. A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good 3. The windows of the building wont_. A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed 4. Do you li

25、ke the material? Yes, it _very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 5. There is a new problem road conditions need_. A. to be improved B. to be improved C. improving D. improving 6 My money_. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before Ive none in hand. A. has been run out

26、 B. is running out C. has run out D. is being run out CBBCAB 2不定式不定式 一）作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 （1） “There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”: There is a lot of work to do. （2） “及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中: Give him some books to read. 给他点书看 （3） “主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中, He has a family to support. 这里的不定式在个别情

27、形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如: There is so much work to do/to be done. Give me the names of the people to contact/to be contacted. 把那些要联系的人的名字给我。 但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了 for sb，用被动式可视为其后省略了 by sb)： There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(含有无聊之意) There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指没有办法了) There is nothing to see. 没什么

28、可看的。(即不值一看) There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么。(指没东西看) (4) 不定式用于某些动词(如 have, have got, get, want, need 等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定 式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义： I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。 I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。 I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。 【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较： I h

29、ave something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字) I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字) 二）在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这时，应该 用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有 amusing(有趣的), cheap(便宜的), dangerous(危险的), difficult(困难的), easy(容易的), important(重要的), nice(令 人愉快的), pleasant(愉快的)等,例如: That question i

30、s difficult to answer. Chickens legs are nice to eat. 鸡腿很好吃。 Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。 Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗? 三）特殊结构：介词短语用主动表被动的六种情形 1) “beyond+名词” ： The rumor is beyond belief. 这谣言难以置信。 The children were beyond control. 这些孩子不听管教。 【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，

31、且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有 beyond compare(无可比拟)，beyond description(难以形容)，beyond (all) doubt(毫无疑问)， beyond expression_r(无法形容)，beyond suspicion(无可怀疑)，等。 2) “in+名词”短语： When was paper money in use in China? 中国什么时候开始使用纸币？ Please do not enter the classroom while a lesson is in progress. 上课时请勿进教室。 3) “in course

32、 of+名词”短语： The new railway is in course of construction. 新铁路正在兴建当中。 The goods ordered are now in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。 【注】有些类似的短语有 the 表被动，无 the 表主动： in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由负责 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被拥有 4) “on+名词”短语： The building is on fire. 那幢房子正在燃烧。 Every arti

33、cle on view will be on sale. 每件展品都将出售。 【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有 on trial(在试用)，on display(在展出)，on show(在展出)，on exhibition(在展出)等。 5） “be + under +名词”结构:这种结构表示某事“在进行中” 。例如: The building is under construction. The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed). Your proposal is u

34、nder consideration. 你的提议正在考虑中。 经常这样用的名词还有 repair(修理), treatment(治疗), question(质问) 【注】 这类短语的名词前不用冠词， 类似的还有 under arrest(被逮捕)， under attack(受到袭击)， under discussion(在讨论中)， under examination(在检查或调查中)， under medical treatment(在 治疗中)，under repair(在修缮中)，under review(在检查中)，under study(在研究中)。 6) 其他介词短语。除以上提到

35、的几种情况外，还有一些介词短语也可表示被动意义，如 for sale(供出售)，for rent(供出租)，at ones service(听凭某人使用)，above reproach(无可指责， 无可非议)，above suspicion(不受怀疑)，above criticism(无可指责)，within sight(看得见)等。 巩固练习巩固练习 1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 2. Im hun

36、gry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. to be eat D. for eating 3. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese. A. write B. to write C. to be written D. written 4. I have no more letters _, thank you. A. to type B. typing C. to be typed D. Typed 5. The car is rather difficult _. A. to repair B. t

37、o be repaired C. repairing D. being repaired 6. He was nowhere _. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 7. She had no money _ a birthday present for their children. A. to buy B. to be bought C. bought D. buying 8. We waited for the work _. A. done B. being done C. to do D. to be done BBBCABCD 综合

38、练习综合练习 一：选择题一：选择题 1.Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 2.No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B. given C. to give D. be giving 3. I _ te

39、n minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given 4. It was reported that the murderer _ arrested. A. has been B. had been C. has D. had 5. -Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are pain

40、ted D. are being painted 6. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital. A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding C. doesnt decide D. hasnt decided 7.The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B.has been restored C.is restoring D.is being

41、restored 8.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leaving their hometowns. A. promise B.were promised C.have promised D.have been promised 9.Youve failed to do what you to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B.will be expected C.ex

42、pected D.were expected 10.Our teacher _ carefully. A.should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 11. Tom was said to _ Mary for 40 years. A. have been married to B. have married with C. has been married D. had married with 12. A red sky in the morning _ to be a sign of ba

43、d weather. A. says B. is saying C. has said D. is said 13.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump 14. I promise that matter will _. A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of 15. Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ i

44、n 1949. A. have taken place; was founded B. has taken place; was founded C. have been taken place; founded D. took place; founded 16.The pen _ me. It is hers. A.isnt belong to B. wasnt belong to C. doesnt belong to D. didnt belong to 17. The surface of the table _ smooth enough. A. hasnt felt B. doe

45、snt feel C. isnt feeling D. isnt felt 18.In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant . A.to deal with B.dealing with C.to be dealt with D.dealt with 19.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune . A.is made B.would make C.was to be made

46、 D.had made 20.When the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners _. A. had seated B. were seated C. seated D. were seating 21. Dont get that ink on your shirt, for it _. A. wont wash out B. wont be washing C. isnt washing out D. doesnt wash out 22.This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. was being killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 23.As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A.