上海市静安区丰华中学2023届高三下学期第六次检测英语试卷含解析.doc

1、2023年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1Life is a journey _with hardships, joys and special moments.AfilledBto fillCfillingDhaving filled2Countries which contin

2、ue importing huge quantities of waste will have to_ the issue of pollution.AmaintainBsimplifyCoverlookDaddress3Since the middle of the last year, the bike-sharing market _in Beijing.Aboomed Bwas booming Cwill boom Dhas boomed4It is said that the only survivor in the car crash was badly injured. Howe

3、ver, somehow the doctors managed to help him _.Apull throughBput throughClook throughDbreak through5By the time we _ from our school, we have been close friends for more than ten years.AgraduatedBwill graduateCare graduatingDgraduate6It was warm and nice that evening. I stayed awake until eleven in

4、order to have a good look at the moon by myself.Aon average Bon purposeCon business Don time7If these new measures dont work, well have to _ our old system.Amake up for Bcome up withCbreak away from Dfall back on8- What about the two of us going downtown?- _ . I hate spending time hanging around.ATh

5、at suits me fineBWhy notCIt depends on the weatherDWell, thats the last thing I will do9Wed better take umbrellasIm sure it _ when we arrive in London; its always wet there at this time of year.Awill rainBis rainingCwill be rainingDwould rain10With some snow on top of it,the Yellow Mountain looked f

6、antastic this winter.Actually,I doubt whether we could visit mountain in China.Aa most beautifulBthe most beautifulCa more beautifulDa beautiful11The church which is easily _ from my home is being rebuilt.Aaccessible BavailableCacceptable Dresponsible12You can never be _ when crossing the street.Ave

7、ry carefulBtoo carefulCcarefully enoughDenough careful13In view of rapidly aging population,the second-child policy at the start of 2016.Ais adopted Bwas adopted Chas been adopted Dwas being adopted14Enter our prize _and win a break in a National Trust holiday cottage of your choice anywhere in the

8、country.AdrawBsearchCmatchDcollection15Although the situation was tough during the economic crisis now things are beginning to _.Alook upBkeep upCset upDbuild up16This is a very interesting book. Ill buy it, _.Ahowever much it may costBno matter how it may costChow much may it costDhowever many it m

9、ay cost17- Do you think I should join the singing group, Mary?- _ If I were in your shoes, I certainly would.ANone of your business BIt depends.CWhy not? DI dont think so.18_the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly.ATo ensure BEnsuringCHaving ensured DTo h

10、ave ensured19Jack, my plane arrives at 8:30 pm when, I suppose, you _ dinner.But I can wait.Awill haveBhave hadCwill have hadDare having20_ the oil under the sea, the company has raised ample funds to develop petroleum exploration equipment.AExploiting BHaving exploitedCTo exploit DExploited第二部分 阅读理

11、解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分） Suppose you become a leader in an organization. Its very likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in th

12、e work.Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationshi

13、ps. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools h

14、ave launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift peoples wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because its important to me”) to an external factor (e.g. “I volunteer because Im required to do so”). When that happens, people become less li

15、kely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track v

16、olunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it lea

17、ds to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago

18、focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degr

19、ee to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers expectations, they found a positive correlation(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to

20、volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”

21、.1、People volunteer mainly out of _.Aacademic requirementsBsocial expectationsCfinancial rewardsDinternal needs2、What can we learn from the Florida study?AFollow-up studies should last for one year.BVolunteers should get mentally prepared.CStrategy training is a must in research.DVolunteers are prov

22、ided with concrete advice.3、What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?AIndividual differences in role identity.BPublicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.CRole identity as a volunteer.DPractical advice from researchers.4、What is the best title of the passage?AHow to Get People

23、 to VolunteerBHow to Study Volunteer BehaviorsCHow to Keep Volunteers InterestDHow to Organize Volunteer Activities22（8分） The popular wisdom for years has been that drinking in moderation (适度)thats one “standard” drink a day for women and two for men-is linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular (心血管的

24、) disease. But recent studies are casting some doubt on that long-held learning. Science now says it depends on your age and drinking habits.A 2013 study of nearly 2 million British with no cardiovascular risk found that there was still a modest benefit in moderate drinking, especially for women ove

25、r 11 who drank five drinks a week. Why that age? Alcohol can influence the substance in the blood in positive ways, experts say, and thats about the age when heart problems begin to occur.Also, a 2014 study found that drinking more than 100 grams of alcohol per weekequal to roughly seven standard dr

26、inks in the United States or five to six glasses of wine in the UKincreases your risk of death from all causes and in turn lowers your life expectancy. Links were found with different forms of cardiovascular disease, with people who drank more than 100 grams per week having a higher risk of stroke,

27、heart failure.Another 2014 study found that consistently drinking a moderate amount of alcohol, within recommended guidelines, had a protective effect on the heart over time. Unstable drinking habits were associated with a higher risk of heart disease, which the authors reflected might indicate broa

28、der lifestyle changes, such as poor health or stress. Former drinkers were also at greater risk.Overall, however, the latest thinking is that any heart benefit may be outweighed by other health risks, such as high blood pressure, certain cancers and liver damage.Women who drink are at a higher risk

29、for breast cancer; alcohol contributes about 2% of the overall risk, possibly because it raises certain dangerous hormones in the blood. Drinking can also increase the chance you might develop liver, mouth and oral cancers. One potential reason: Alcohol weakens our immune systems, making us more lik

30、ely to inflame (发炎)a driving force behind cancer.1、Why does moderate drinking benefit women over 11?AIt helps them live longer than men.BIt reduces the chance of some heart problems.CIt destroys the harmful chemicals in their blood.DIt helps them recover from cardiovascular disease.2、What can we lea

31、rn from paragraph 3?ADrinking more than 10 grams of alcohol per week is surely harmful.BSolid links were found between the disease and the amount of alcohol.CThe lifespan varies according to amount of consumed alcohol.DSeven standard drinks are the recommended amount of drinking in the UK.3、Who will

32、 be at a lower risk according to the 2014 study?AConsistent drinkers with lifestyle changes.BUnstable drinkers with lifestyle changes.CConsistent drinkers within recommended amount of alcohol.DUnstable drinkers within recommended amount of alcohol.4、Which can be the best title for the text?AModerate

33、 drinking habits benefit the heart.BModerate drinking weakens our immune systems.CModerate drinking can prevent cancer.DModerate drinking does more harm than good to health.23（8分）The first truly autonomous cars vehicles that drive down the streets with no one behind the wheel have finally arrived.Wa

34、ymo, which began life as Googles self-driving car project, announced that it had let its driverless cars loose in parts of Phoenix, Arizona, with nobody in the front seats to take over in case of emergency. Members of the public taking part in a Waymo trial in the desert city in the south-west US wi

35、ll be able to order the vehicles to come through an app “in the next few months”, the group said.Potentially one of the most revolutionary (革命性的) new technologies, as well as one of the most advertised, driverless cars have been at the centre of a race between big automakers and technology companies

36、. But while a number of groups are testing the technology on the streets with back-up drivers behind the wheel, most believe the approach of full autonomy is at least two years away.Google shocked the auto industry when it first showed a basic version of its driverless technology seven years ago, an

37、d it then invested more than $ l bn in autonomous vehicle research.Rivals (竞争对手) admit it still has a technology lead, though skeptics question whether the artificial intelligence is good enough to respond to the many unforeseen events that could occur on the road.Waymo believes it is the first comp

38、any to reach a standard known in the driverless car world as level 4, meaning its cars can drive under full autonomy in preset areas that have been carefully mapped out and tested. Uber, General Motors, Aptiv PLC, BMW and others have been conducting testing to reach level 4, but all of them still ke

39、ep a human in the drivers seat.1、What should people do in the driverless car test?ATake over in an emergency.BCall for a car without an app.CLet the car operate in full autonomy.DTest the car in a deserted place.2、The third paragraph may be used to show .AGoogles driverless technology is really adva

40、ncedBWay mo will be widely acknowledged two years laterCdriverless cars will damage the entire automobile marketDthe technology of driverless cars is developing too fast3、Why is Waymo confident about trying out its first driverless cars?ABecause it already invented a basic version.BBecause it has a

41、technology lead in this area.CBecause it has reached full, level 4 autonomy.DBecause its cars can drive wherever a person likes.4、Whats the authors attitude towards the self-driving car?ASupportive. BOpposed.CSkeptical. DObjective.24（8分） A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by arti

42、ficial intelligence can read human eye movements to read human personalities.The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated（复杂的）artificial intelligence algorithms（算法）may soon have the ability to peer into your soul. That is the res

43、ult of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and Published in the scientific Journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality, wro

44、te the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team follows 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determines their personality traits（特点）with well-established questionnaires for determining personality type

45、, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.The researchers fed the data into their Al algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a persons major personality traits, such as neuroticism, e

46、xtraversion（外向），agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as perceptual（感知的）curiosity, the scientists wrote.The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other high-tech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with mac

47、hines, Loetscher said.People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Todays robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to non-verbal information, Loetscher said in a statement quoted by Indian Express. This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality ch