湖南省长沙市2023届高考全国统考预测密卷英语试卷含解析.doc

1、2023年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项:1答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。2答题时请按要求用笔。3请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1All children should get access to a high-quality education _ their race, zip code or f

2、amily income.Adepending onBregardless ofCdue toDapart from2Many thought that after starring in the immensely popular drama，Nirvana in Fire，Hu Ge would _ and actively seek new rolesAmake a mountain out of a molehillBhave too many irons in the fireCstrike while the iron is hotDput the cart before the

3、horse3（2018海淀二模）This view is common _ all sections of the community.Aacross BaboveCaround Dalong4She must have ranked her birthday presents in order of _because the top one is her favoriteAvalueBtimeCinterestDpreference5When did you get to know your girlfriend?It was in 2015 _ she was working as a v

4、olunteer in Africa.AthatBwhichCwhenDthen6After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside.Aset outBtook overCtook upDset up7Different cultural features of ethnic groups are _ one another and work out a melodyAin tune withBin parallel withCin contrast

5、toDin response to8This is a very interesting book. Ill buy it，_.Ahow much may it costBno matter how it may costChowever much it may costDwhatever may it cost9he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _ be above it.AshallBmustCmayDneed10Im going to spend the summer holiday in Hainan,_ lives my un

6、cle.AwhereBwhoCwhichDwhen11Mr Johnson, I have something I would like to trouble you with._. Just tell me what I can do.AYou have my word BDont give me thatCYou can say that again DDont stand on ceremony12Christine is _ about anything but her dress as she doesnt really care about what she looks like

7、in the eyes of others.AcautiousBoptimisticCparticularDcurious13Thanks for your useful advice; otherwise I _ such rapid progress.Adidnt makeBcouldnt have madeChadnt madeDshouldnt have made14I have been decorating the apartment recently, so can you lend me some money?Sorry, all my money has gone to th

8、e stock market. _.AId rather not.BI am in the black.CI wouldnt bet on it.DI am a little shy.15Tourists love Beijing, offers an infinite collection of delights ranging from 6 UNESCO World Heritage Sites to food from every corner of China and beyond.AthatBwhereCwhichDwho16This raw chocolate tastes pre

9、tty delicious due to _ amount of melted pure fresh cream.AequalBgenerousCinsufficientDtiny17Looking people in the eye _ sometimes make them nervous and embarrassed.AmustBcanCshouldDmight18Was it from the lake _ he often went fishing _ he saved the drowning girl?Athat; that Bwhere; whereCwhere; that

10、Dthat; where19Look! Mary is crazily looking for something again! _ , she cant find her keys.ATypicallyBOccasionallyCAccordinglyDParticularly20 You could always put the decision off a little bit longer. _ If I leave it much longer I might miss my chance.AThats reasonable.BIsnt it a good idea?CDo you

11、think so?DI cant agree more.第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）Dear daughters, Most parents tell their children, “You can be anything you want when you grow up.” I feel the same and I say this often. But I also want you to understand that a dream itself comes from hard work, some

12、 good luck and good timing. Girls, here are some words of wisdom as you make your way in the world. Firstly, be open-minded to changing your path along the way. In high school, I wanted to be a politician. I left my hometown and went off to college in Washington, DCThere, I discovered that I loved t

13、o support women. It taught me that Im creative, a strong leader and great at marketing. As a result, I moved on to be the head of a national healthcare nonprofit（非营利机构）.Becoming a mother while in that job opened my mind to launching a breast pump bag business. Now I run a highly successful company t

14、hat I started up on my own. In my opinion, you need to figure out what you are good at and what you are passionate about. Keep an open mind: the initial path you choose may lead you into other areas. Dont waste your money or time, but you can change what you are doing based on what you are learning

15、about yourself. Secondly and more importantly, remember that failure is vital to your success. I wont tell you to feel good about failure. Failure can be heartbreaking. But I will tell you that every failure Ive had along the way absolutely made me better. Failing the math exam in high school and go

16、ing to summer school was embarrassing but Ive never failed an exam again. Being deprived(剥夺) of the job for a significant job opportunity that I was more than qualified for because of unfair assumptions hurt me but I went out and got a big job at a national organization at age 27. Its okay to get an

17、gry! Take that and turn it into positive action. Im proud to be a role model to you as a mom and an entrepreneur(企业家). I hope I inspire you to believe that you can be anything you want and you can have anything on your list. It will be my pleasure to watch your lives unfold before my eyes. Love,Your

18、 Mom1、The author has achieved her final goal as _.Aa politician Ba social worker Can entrepreneur Dthe head of an organization2、What does the author think of failure along the way in life?AFailure is important to success. BFailure is never positive.CFailure is always heartbreaking. DFailure makes pe

19、ople embarrassed.3、The author was once deprived of a significant job opportunity because _.Ashe lacked work experience Bshe was wrongly judged as unfit for itCShe was too young Dshe was not as qualified as others4、Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AA moms advice BA moms li

20、fe storiesCBe wise in choosing your career DHow to be successful in life22（8分）In the last few years, you may have noticed the terra “microplastics” in the news. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic from discarded (丢弃的) plastic bottles, bags and containers that end up in rivers, lakes and oceans.

21、 Because they are so tiny and hard to see, researchers set sail to collect water samples and estimate the amount of plastic in the ocean. The 5 Gyres Institute, an organization aimed at reducing plastics pollution in our oceans, estimates that 296,000 tons of plastic are floating in the worlds ocean

22、s. But, if you think that oceans are the only water bodies with a micropiastics problem, think again - the problem is also reported in the Chesapeake Bay, in our own backyard.In a partnership with the 5 Gyres Institute, Trash Free Maryland took to the Chesapeake Bay in November to study the presence

23、 of micropiastics in the water. Setting out from Deale, Md., the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖网) for an hour at a time. The trawl was fitted with a cone-shaped (锥形的) net, whose holes measure 330 microns (微米) wide, about the width of two to three strands of human hair.

24、Water flows through the main opening and the fine mesh (网眼) of net ensures anything suspended m the water is trapped behind.In seven samples, the net picked up algae (海藻) trash, foam and plastic. According to the 5 Gyres Institute representative, the first sample collected contained almost 10 times

25、the amount of plastic than would be collected in a typical ocean sample. The plastic found in the Chesapeake Bay samples included bits of bags, sheeting, fishing line and microbeads, which are small plastic scrubbers mm found in face wash, toothpaste and cleaning products. Microbeads in particular a

26、re a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide. They are small enough to bypass water treatment systems filters (过滤器) and end up in waterways. Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads and other micropiastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for fo

27、od and eat them, and could then be passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually reaching humans.1、What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe description of the trawl.BThe basic data of the water samples.CThe process of collecting water samples.DThe introduction of Trash Free Marylan

28、d.2、What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to?ABits of bags. BChemicals.CMicrobeads. DMicropiastics.3、How docs the author prove plastics pollution can be harmful to people s health?ABy analyzing the data. BBy making comparisons.CBy giving some examples. DBy referring to sci

29、entists views.4、Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage?ATo explain some new scientific terms to people.BTo let people learn more about plastics pollution.CTo urge governments to make environmental laws.DTo tell people some new findings in scientific research.23（8分） In 1874 Francis Galton,

30、 a British professor, analysed a sample of English scientists and found the vast majority to be first-born sons. This led him to theorise that first-born children enjoyed a special level of attention from their parents that allowed them to advance intellectually. Half a century later Alfred Adler, a

31、n Austrian psychologist, made a similar argument relating to personality. First-born children, he suggested, were more diligent, while the later-born were more outgoing and emotionally stable. Many subsequent studies have explored these ideas, but their findings have been varied - some supporting an

32、d some rejecting the original conclusions.The main problem with the previous studies is that they were too small - often limited to a few dozen individuals. This would be true even if the statistical methods needed to analyse the data were simple, but they are not. Distinguishing birth-order effects

33、 from those caused by family size complicates matters, meaning still bigger samples must be analysed to obtain meaningful results.To overcome the limitation of these earlier studies, German social scientist Dr. Helmet Schmukle and his colleagues analysed three huge sets of data from America, Britain

34、 and Germany. These data sets, though collected for other purposes, included personality and intelligence tests on 20, 186 people at different stages of their lives. The American tests were on individuals aged between 29 and 35. The British tests were conducted on 50-year-olds. The German tests ran

35、the whole span of adult life, from 18 to 98.Birth order, they found, had no effect on personality: first-borns were no more, nor less, likely than their younger siblings to be hardworking, outgoing or anxious. But it did affect intelligence. In a family with two children, the first child was more in

36、telligent than the second 60% of the time, rather than the 50% that would be expected by chance. On average, this translated to a difference of 1.5 IQ points between first and second siblings. That figure agrees with previous studies, and thus looks confirmed.It is, nevertheless, quite a small diffe

37、rence - and whether it is enough to account for Galtons original observation is unclear. In any event, it is certainly not deterministic. Galton was the youngest of nine.1、Alfred Adler concluded that first-born children were _.Amore stableBmore sociableCmore intelligentDmore hardworking2、What does t

38、he underlined “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?AThe data.BThe analyses.CThe previous studies.DThe statistical methods.3、Why was Schmukles study considered superior to previous research?AIt involved a wider age range.BIt had a much larger sample size.CIt included a larger number of countries.DIt was co

39、nducted over a longer period of time.4、Why does the author mention Galtons family background in the last paragraph?ATo confirm Galtons difficult upbringing.BTo suggest Galtons theory may not be correct.CTo compare his experience with Galtons parents.DTo explain why Galton was interested in birth ord

40、er.24（8分）Two young giant-panda twins born in the United States have returned home to China, but are straggling to adapt to the language and food.The 3-year-old sisters, Mei Lun and Mei Huan, wens the first surviving panda twins to be born in the United States, and were returned to China from Zoo Atl

41、anta on Nov. 5. But the pair still understand English belter than Chinese, and prefer American biscuits to Chinese bread.A zoo-keeper said that his main concern is that the pair are so addicted to American biscuits that everything they eat from bamboos to apples has to be mixed with biscuits. They e

42、ven want to snack on (零食) biscuits when drinking water.The zoo -keeper is trying to wean them off their biscuit habit, gradually replacing the American food with Chinese bread. Mei Huan is adapting, but Mei Lun doesnt want to touch the unfamiliar bread.Mei Lun is the livelier of the two, often jumpi

43、ng onto the roof and hanging upside down from a rail, but her slightly younger sister Mei Huan is calmer, preferring to sit still, observe her new environment and occasionally snack on bamboo.A language barrier is also reported. While the pair respond to their own names, and understand some English

44、phrases such as “come here,” they dont understand the Sichuan dialect of Chinese.The news caused some laughter on Chinese social media, with some users commenting that the pandas would soon get used to Sichuans famously spicy cuisine.1、Based on the passage, which statement do you think is right?AThe

45、 panda twins can fit in well in Sichuan.BThe panda twins are only fond of Sichuan food and dishes.CThe panda twins have been used to the new environment very quickly.DIts hard for the panda twins to get used to the new environment soon.2、What does the underlined part “wean them off” in the fourth pa

46、ragraph mean?Ahelp them get rid of. Bhelp them form.Chelp them strengthen. Dhelp them keep.3、From the passage we learn that of the two sisters .AMei Huan mainly eats bambooBMei Lun is living a more active lifeCMei Huan is not smarter than Mei LunDMei Lun is as quiet as her younger sister25（10分）An ex

47、plosion on Thursday killed one and injured 21 in a busy street in Tongren, Southwest Chinas Guizhou Province.The bomb was hidden in a rubbish bin in the citys commercial hub（商业中心），where lots of shops and restaurants are concentrated.The ear-splitting blast was heard around 1250 p.m.，said a local newspaper, citing witnesses. The power of the blast shattered（使粉碎