Unit 1 突破语法大冲关 同步教材讲解 （新教材）外研版（2019）英语必修第一册.doc

1、1/6 简单句的七种基本句型 英语句子按照其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句的基本形式由 一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。 1主谓(SV) 观察例句 The rain stopped. 雨停了。 The moon rose. 月亮升起来了。 归纳用法 句型特点：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾 语。 2主谓状(SVA) 观察例句 The time passed quickly. 时间过得很快。 The old man walks in the park every morning. 那个老人每天早上在公园里散步。 归纳用法 句型特点：谓语动词

2、是不及物动词，副词、介词短语等作状语。 3主谓宾(SVO) 观察例句 We are learning English. 我们正在学习英语。 I dont know how to get there. 我不知道怎么去那儿。 归纳用法 句型特点：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，其后必须要接一个 宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动词不定式、疑问词 2/6 动词不定式、动词- ing 形式和从句。 4主谓宾状(SVOA) 观察例句 I like to stay at home on Sundays. 星期天我喜欢待在家里。 We planted many trees in o

3、ur hometown. 我们在家乡种了许多树。 归纳用法 句型特点：谓语动词是及物动词，其后接宾语。副词、介词短语等作状语。 5主谓双宾语(SVIODO) 观察例句 Her mother bought her a skirt. 她妈妈给她买了一条裙子。 Mr Li told us an interesting story. 李老师给我们讲了一个非常有趣的故事。 归纳用法 句型特点： 谓语动词后接有两个宾语， 这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者， 其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时， 其前通常需要加介词 for 或 to。 名师点津 常跟双宾语的动词：需借助于

4、to 的动词：bring，give，lend，hand，offer， pass，promise，return，send，show，teach，tell，write 等； 需借助于 for 的动词：buy，call，cook，choose，draw，find，get，make， order，sing，save，spare 等。 6主谓宾宾补(SVOC) 观察例句 The news made us very sad. 那个消息令我们非常难过。 The teacher asked us to answer the question. 老师叫我们回答那个问题。 3/6 My mother asked

5、me to clean my room. 妈妈让我打扫我的房间。 归纳用法 句型特点：谓语动词后虽然已接有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上 另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名 词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。 名师点津 用 it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平 衡，是英语常用的结构。即：“主语谓语it宾补真正宾语”。it 作形式 宾语，通常和下列动词连用：consider，think，make，find，believe，feel，guess， imagine，judge，prove，see，suppose，ta

6、ke 等。 7主系表(SVP) 观察例句 My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是个护士。 I feel quite hungry. 我感觉很饿。 Leaves turn yellow. 树叶变黄了。 归纳用法 句型特点：动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、 特征、类属、状态等的表语。系动词除了 be 动词之外，还有：表示感官的动 词：feel，appear，look，smell，taste，sound 等；表示状态延续的动词：remain， stay，keep，continue 等；表示转变、变化的动词：become，get，turn，go，run， fall

7、，come，grow 等。 即时训练 指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。 1I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside. (SVOA) 2All this will be interesting and good for my health. (SVP) 4/6 3In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. (SVO) 4I can hear birds singing in the green trees. (SVOC) 5The best fish swim

8、near the bottom. (SVA) 6My father bought me a new bicycle. (SVIODO) 7The whole class laughed. (SV) .用所给的单词组成句子 1have，yellow，the，turned，leaves The leaves have turned yellow. 2him，all，considered，honest，us，of All of us considered him honest. 3the，would，me，you，dictionary，pass，please Would you please pas

9、s me the dictionary? 4successfully，have，they，plan，the，out，carried They have carried out the plan successfully. 5sun，east，the，in，rises，the，red The red sun rises in the east. 6look，things，the，after，boys，their，must The boys must look after their things. 7begins，eight，the，English，at，class，oclock The Eng

10、lish class begins at eight oclock. 8man，the，too，motorbike，the，on，travelling，fast，was The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. 9school，her，boy，of，to，he，take，out，asked，the He asked her to take the boy out of school. 10very，old，was，tired，man，the，feeling The old man was feeling very tired. 5/6

11、.用给出的句型翻译下列句子 1我每天起得很早，走去公园，坐在凳子上。(SVA) Every day I get up early，walk to the park and sit on the bench. 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。(SVOA) I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。(SVIODO) Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 4我要你把真相告诉我。(SVOC) I want you to tell me the truth. 5这个报告听起来很有

12、意思。(SVP) The report sounds interesting. 6汤姆已经离开了。(SV) Tom has already left. 7我们已经完成了家庭作业。(SVO) We have finished our homework. 8学生们走出了教室，又唱又跳。(SVA) The students walked out of the classroom，singing and dancing. 9他在英语上快速的进步使我们很惊讶。(SVOC) His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 10他的计划是在这个城市找到一份工

13、作。(SVP) His plan is to find a job in the city. .短文语法填空 I am taught by many teachers in my school.Every subject has a 1.different (differ) teacher， but I like my math teacher 2.best(well) Her name is Lakshmi but we usually call her Maam.She is our class teacher too. Maam 3.joined (join) us last term.

14、She is very kind and her way of teaching is so 4.interesting(interest) and simple that we all can understand everything 5.that is being taught and how it can be done.Most 6.importantly(important)，Maam teaches math with lots of patience.If we do not understand a problem，she will spend extra time guid

15、ing us until we understand it.And we can go to her at any time during school hours for help. 6/6 She also helps us 7.with activities at school.When there are some kind of programs，she will be there 8.to help (help) us to get ready for the show.Even when we go on picnics，she takes good care of 9.us (we) To me，Maam is not only a good teacher，but also our best friend.I love Maam and I wish her 10.a happy life.