Unit 3 Section Ⅲ　Reading & Writing （新教材）北师大版（2019）必修第一册讲义.doc

1、Section Reading & Writing 速读教材课文，选择最佳答案 1What was his mother doing when he woke up? AShe was nowhere to be seen. BShe was preparing for breakfast. CShe was having lunch. DShe was preparing for lunch. 2What present did the writer want to give his grandfather for birthday? AA special lunch. BA video.

2、CSome photos. DSome music. 3How did the writers grandfather feel when he saw his best friends? AInteresting. BExcited. CCalm. DAnnoyed. 4Why were there a few tears in his grandfather and his friends eyes? ABecause they were sorrowed. BBecause their life was hard. CBecause they were thrilled to see t

3、heir old photos. DBecause they could meet again. 答案 14 DBBC Words And Phrases 知识要点 1 description n描述，描写 (教材 P62)AN EVENT DESCRIPTION 一次事件描写 例 1 Hes not very good at description. 他不大擅长描写叙述。 例 2 The scenery was beautiful beyond description.那风景美丽得难以形 容。 造句 他描述了他所见到的一切。 He gave a description of what he

4、had seen. 归纳拓展 (1)beyond description 难以描述 (2)describe vt. 描写，描述 describe.as. 把描述成 即学即练 单句语法填空 His face is weary beyond description. Rabies has been described as one of the most terrifying diseases known to man. 知识要点 2 select vt.挑选，选拔 (教材 P62)For weeks I had been working on this，listening to Grandpas

5、 stories， selecting his favourite music and collecting photos from the family album. 这几周我一直在做这件事，听爷爷的故事，挑选他特别爱听的歌曲，在家庭 相册里挑选照片。 例 1 Who has been selected to take part in the project? 挑选谁来参与这项计划？ 例 2 She selected a birthday present for her husband.她为丈夫挑选生日礼 物。 造句 我被选出来发表演说。 I was selected to make a s

6、peech. 归纳拓展 (1)select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事 select sb./sth.from. 从挑选出某人/某物 select sb.as. 挑选某人作为 (2)selection n. 挑选，选拔 即学即练 单句语法填空 He selected a diamond ring from the supermarket. We selected him to make(make)a speech on the opening ceremony. This city has been selected as the site for the coming Ol

7、ympic Games. 知识要点 3 in ones seventies 在某人七十多岁时 (教材 P62)Surprisingly， they were Grandpas best friends from secondary school， all in their seventies. 令人惊讶的是他们是爷爷从中学毕业的最好的朋友，都七十多岁了。 例 1 He went to America for further education in his twenties. 他二十几岁时去美国深造。 例 2 He lived in Canada in the thirties. 他在三十年代

8、时住在加拿大。 造句 他的祖父已经七十多岁了。 His grandfather was already in his seventies. 归纳拓展 in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代 in the early/mid/late 1870s 在 19 世纪 70 年代早/中/晚期 即学即练 单句语法填空 In his twenties，Charles began to write and soon became famous. The tramway fell into disuse in the 1920s. 知识要点 4 calm vi.&vt.(使)平静，(使)镇定 a

9、dj.平静的，镇静的，沉着的 (教材 P62)Grandpa couldnt believe his eyes and it took quite a long time for them to calm down. 爷爷不敢相信自己的眼睛，他们花了很长时间才冷静下来。 例 1 It is important to keep/stay calm in an emergency. 在紧急情况下保持镇静是很重要的。 例 2 After the storm came a calm. 风暴过后， 万籁俱寂。 造句 他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。 He took a few deep breath

10、s to calm himself down. 归纳拓展 calm down 平静下来，镇静下来 calm.down 使平静下来 keep calm 保持镇静 即学即练 单句语法填空 The sea calmed down as soon as the wind fell. I tried to calm him down after hearing the bad news. When you are in great danger，its important to keep calm. 知识要点 5 stand for 代表；主张；容忍 (教材 P65)The round shape is

11、 also a symbol of gathering together，standing for happiness in the new year. 圆形也是一个在一起团聚的象征，代表着新年的幸福。 例 1 AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS 是获得性免疫缺损综合征的缩写。 例 2 My assistant will stand in for me while Im away. 我不在的时候我的助手将代表我处理事务。 造句 他们知道他们代表了什么。 They know what they stand for.

12、归纳拓展 stand against 抵抗，反抗，靠在上，经受住 stand back 退后，靠后站 stand by 袖手旁观，站在一起，帮助，维持 stand out 突出，出色，显著 即学即练 1 写出下列句中 stand for 的含义 We stand for peace and against war. 主张 The letters “UN” stand for the United Nations. 代表 I will not stand for chatting in my class. 容忍 即学即练 2 单句语法填空 In China，these knots stand f

13、or friendship，love and good luck. Please remember Ill stand by you whatever happens. 知识要点 6 ignorant adj.无知的，不知道的 (教材 P66)“I know its very ignorant of me，” Alice said，so humbly that Humpty Dumpty relented. “我知道这显得我很无知，”爱丽丝谦虚地说，汉普蒂 邓普蒂让步了。 例 1 Hes not stupid, just ignorant. 他并不蠢， 只是无知罢了。 例 2 People d

14、ont like to ask questions for fear of appearing ignorant. 人们不喜欢问问题，生怕显得自己无知。 造句 他对现代科技一无所知。 Hes ignorant about modern technology. 归纳拓展 (1)be ignorant of/about 对不了解；对无知 (2)ignore vt. 忽视；不理睬 ignorance n. 无知；不知情 即学即练 单句语法填空 They appear to be ignorant of what is going on here. I feel sure that he is goi

15、ng to ignore (ignore) me tonight. Nothing is more terrible than ignorance(ignore)in action. 知识要点 7 after all 毕竟；终究；别忘了 (教材 P66)“Is it really？” said Alice，quite pleased to find that she had chosen a good subject，after all. “真的吗？”爱丽丝说，很高兴地发现她毕竟选择了一个好的课题。 例 1 Dont get discouraged by setbacks；we are new

16、 to the work after all. 别因挫折而灰心，这工作对我们来说毕竟还是新的。 例 2 After all, , I am defeated by him. 我毕竟打不过他。 造句 他毕竟还是个孩子。 Hes a child after all. 归纳拓展 first of all 首先；第一 above all 最重要的是；首先 not at all (别人表示谢意时)不客气 链接写作完成句子 首先我要说的是，来到这儿，我是多么的高兴！ First of all let me say how glad I am to be here. 最重要的是，好莱坞有着过去的魅力。 Ho

17、llywood，above all，has the glamour of the past. 知识要点 8 couldnt/cant help doing.禁不住做某事 (教材 P67)Alice couldnt help smiling as she took out her notebook， and worked the sum for him. 当爱丽丝拿出笔记本时，她禁不住笑了，并为他算总数。 例 1 After hearing the funny story, all of us couldnt help laughing. 听过这个有趣的故事后，所有人都忍不住笑了。 例 2 Af

18、ter seeing off my nephew, who left disappointed, I couldnt help blaming my brother. 送走失望的侄子后，我不禁责怪起哥哥来。 造句 一听到这个糟糕的消息，她就禁不住哭了起来。 On hearing the bad news，she couldnt help crying. 归纳拓展 cant help to do sth.cant help do sth. 不能帮助做某事 cant help but do sth.have to do sth. 不得不做某事 即学即练 单句语法填空 This dictionary

19、 cant help learn/to learn(learn) the language. And I cant help but suspect that you think so，too. Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 形容词在句中作状语 (教材 P62)Early in the morning，I woke up excited. 早晨很早的时候，我醒了，很兴奋。 句型分析：句中 excited 作状语，用来说明主语 I 的状态。 例 1 He lay in bed，awake.他躺在床上，没有睡着。 例 2 Unable to afford the time, I

20、 had to give up the plan.由于抽不出时间， 我不得不放弃这个计划。 造句 他回到家里，又饿又累。 He arrived home, hungry and tired. 归纳拓展 形容词在句中作状语，其功能在于说明主语的特征或状态。可以作伴随、原 因、让步状语。 链接写作完成句子 由于害怕被抓住，这个小偷藏在角落里。 Afraid of being caught，the thief hid himself in the corner. 熟了时，这些苹果是很甜的。 Ripe，these apples are very sweet. 这只兔子翻了个身，死了。 The rabb

21、it turned over，dead. Hopeless(hope)，we watched half a years food destroyed before us. 重点句式 2 感叹句 (教材 P66)What a beautiful belt youve got on! 你穿的腰带多么漂亮啊！ 句型分析：本句是有 what 引导的感叹句。 例 1 What a strong boy he is! 他是多么壮的一个小伙子啊！ 例 2 What an honest girl Mary is! 玛丽是一个多么诚实的小女孩啊！ 造句 这些士兵们真勇敢啊！ What brave soldier

22、s they are! 归纳拓展 (1)What 式感叹句 Whata(n)形容词单数可数名词主语谓语！ What形容词复数名词/不可数名词主语谓语！ (2)how 式感叹句 How形容词/副词主语谓语！ How形容词a/an单数可数名词主语谓语！ How主语谓语！ 即学即练 单句语法填空 How exciting(excited) a football match it is! How fast the dragonfly flies! What beautiful flowers these are! 阅读理解之间接信息排序题 排序题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实， 然后对这些事实

23、进行排 序，要求考生根据事件发生先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生，发 展的正确顺序， 解题方法可采用“首尾定位法”。 即先找出第一个事件和最后一 个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。 一、略读各段，掌握段落大意 考生应明确一点，那就是一篇完整的文章，先写什么后写什么，一定会有其 一定的逻辑顺序，比如时间顺序、事件发生的先后顺序、因果顺序等。因此，考 生应明确全文结构，理清文章脉络，掌握各段大意。由于时间有限，考生在这一 环节不必拘泥于细节，只需掌握各段的大致意思，找出各段的主题句，进而也就 知道了整篇文章大概在讲什么。 二、注意已经给出的段落选项 阅读已经固定的段落，通常

24、情况下，首段选项会给出来，这有利于考生往下 做题。因为看完首段内容，就可以得知整篇文章的大概意思。同时，考生应记住 在第一时间内将已经确定出来的两个选项从卷子上划掉， 以防止引起不必要的混 乱。如果首段选项没有给出来，考生应结合已经给出来的段落选项，阅读其余选 项后选出首段，以确定全文大致结构和大致意思。 三、利用上下文的逻辑关系 要想实现文章段落之间连贯通顺，还需要理清上下文之间的不同逻辑关系。 这些逻辑关系包括并列关系、递进关系、转折关系、因果关系、例证关系等。表 示并列关系的标志词汇有 and, also, accordingly, in the same way, meanwhile

25、等； 表示递进关系的标志词汇有 furthermore, moreover, more importantly 等；表示因 果关系的标志词汇有 because, for, since, therefore, so, thus 等；表示例证关系的 标志词汇有 for example, for instance, like 等。除了这些标志词汇之外，锁定段落 间关键词也有助于找出逻辑关系。一些专有名词、代词、数字或者年代词等，都 是快速排列顺序的捷径。 典例 (2014 四川卷)(节选) A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in t

26、he chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy, nine，restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzys mother, Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to

27、save her father ，so decided to use CPR. However, she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough，so she stamped on her fathers chest instead. Whats the right order of the events? Izzy kicked Colm Debbie called 999 Izzy learned CPR Colms heart stopped A B C D C 细节理解题 根据第三、四段内容可知，事情的经过是父亲晕倒心脏停 止跳

28、动 母亲拨打 999 Izzy 施救，初步可以确定的顺序是 ，A 和 D 可排除，剩下的是排在什么位置？ 显然不是在母亲去拨打 999 求救电话之 后施救前这段短暂的时间内学会的，而是在这个事情发生之前就曾学过。故选 C。 即学即练 The Lampbrella is a standard- looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built- in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors (传感器) then en

29、sure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works? Amotor canopy sensors Bsensors motor canopy Cmotor sensors canopy Dcanopy motor sensors B 细节理解题 题目问的是：“Lampbrella 的工作原理？”根据文章的内 容：先由传感器接收外界信息，再转换为控制信息号控制电机，电机最终使得伞 蓬打开

30、。故选 B。 描述事件 1人称 描述事件时一般以第一或第三人称角度来叙述。 用第一人称表示由叙述者亲 眼所见、亲耳所闻，它的优点在于能把事件的情节通过“我”来传达给读者，使 人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。 用第三人称叙述的优势在于描述事件时不受活动范围的限制， 而是通过作者 与读者之外的第三者， 直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前， 使文章的客观性更 强。 2时态和顺序 描述已经发生的事件，其基本时态为一般过去时。在描述事件时，我们可以 采用顺叙、倒叙、插叙三种叙述方式。 3过渡 过渡在文章中起着承上启下、 融会贯通的作用， 往往会用在地点转移， 时间、 事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述上。

31、4叙述与对话 引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是描述事件时提高表现力的一种好方法。 适 当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以更客观生动地反映人物的性格、 品质 和心理状态，从而使文章生动、有趣，内容更加充实、具体。 5基本要领 头绪分明，脉络清晰。 突出重点，详略得当。 语言活泼，准确生动。 亮点句式 1We had an opening ceremony in which our headmaster announced the start of the cultural festival. 我们举行了开幕式，校长宣布文化节开始。 2The next day，we had an English

32、 Karaoke Contest in the morning，which attracted those who love to sing English songs to show their talent. 第二天早晨，我们举办了英语卡拉 OK 大赛，吸引了许多爱好音乐的同学来 秀才艺。 3You cant imagine how wonderful the contest is. 你无法想象这次比赛有多么好。 4 What attracted us most was the English Word Contest， which let us realize the pleasure

33、of memorizing words. 最吸引我们的是英语单词大赛，让我们意识到了记忆单词的乐趣。 5We benefited a lot from the activity，which not only enriched our school life but also made us more interested in English. 这次活动让我们受益很多，不仅丰富了我们的校园生活， 而且让我们对英语 感兴趣了。 假设你是李华，你的美国朋友 Peter 发来一封电子邮件，询问你高中开学第 一天的情况。请根据所给提示给他回复一封电子邮件。内容主要包括： 1校园环境； 2对老师和同学们

34、的印象； 3自己的感受。 注意： 1词数 80 左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)； 2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter， I was so pleased to hear from you and am writing to tell you something about my first day at Senior High school. How about your Senior High school life? I expect to hear from you soon. Yours， Li Hua 【审题谋篇】 第一步 审题定调 本写作任务要求回复一

35、封关于描述高中开学第一天的电子邮件， 体裁属于应 用文。因为这是朋友之间的书信往来，所以写作时语言不必太过正式。人称以第 一和第二人称为主，时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。 第二步 谋篇布局 电子邮件的格式和普通信件一样，包括信头、称呼、正文、结束语和签名。 和本篇习作一样， 考试中邮件的信头通常不用写出。 因为本写作任务已给出称呼、 结束语、签名以及正文的开头，所以同学们主要根据提示将开学第一天的情况清 楚、条理地写出即可。该电子邮件的正文可分为以下三部分： 第一部分：感谢对方来信并说明写信的目的(已给出)； 第二部分：介绍具体的高中生活(校园环境、对老师和同学们的印象以及自 己的感受)；

36、 第三部分：询问对方的情况并期待回复(已给出)。 第三步 组织语言(给出部分除外) 第一部分：介绍校园环境。 普通表达 高级表达 When I entered ., I saw ., our national flag was flying in front of it. There was a beautiful garden in front of .and the air was full of the smell of flowers. Walking through ., I saw ., in front of which our national flag was flying.

37、 In front of .was a beautiful garden and the air was filled with the smell of flowers, which made me relaxed. It made me relaxed. 第二部分：介绍对老师和同学们的印象。 普通表达 高级表达 Then I found that my new teachers were. It was lucky! I had never experienced .before. Besides, all my classmates are .and I hope . Then I fe

38、lt lucky to find that my new teachers were not only .but also . I was attracted by ., which I had never experienced before. Whats more, all my classmates are so .and Im looking forward to . 第三部分：表达自己的感受。 普通表达 高级表达 I was impressed with . .made a deep impression on me. 【参考范文】 Dear Peter， I was so plea

39、sed to hear from you and am writing to tell you something about my first day at Senior High school. Walking through the school gate, I saw a tall teaching building, in front of which our national flag was flying.In front of it was a beautiful garden and the air was filled with the smell of flowers,

40、which made me relaxed.Then I felt lucky to find that my new teachers were not only enthusiastic but also experienced.I was attracted by their new methods of teaching, which I had never experienced before.Whats more, all my classmates are so friendly and Im looking forward to making friends with them

41、.My first day at Senior High school made a deep impression on me. How about your Senior High school life? I expect to hear from you soon. Yours， Li Hua 假设你是李华，你班举行了一次班会，班会的主题是：太空探险的意义。请 结合下表内容， 用英语给校报写一篇文章，客观地介绍班会上同学们讨论的情况 并表达你自己的观点。 赞同的理由 反对的理由 你自己的观点 1.获得新知识； 2.从太空取得新资源； 3.扩大人类未来的生存空间。 1.耗资巨大； 2.宇

42、航员的安全问 题。 注意：1.词数 80 左右； 2开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Outer Space Explorations，YES or NO? We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day. 【参考范文】 Outer Space Explorations，YES or NO? We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out

43、outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day.Different students have different attitudes towards it. Some of us think it important to research the outer space because，first of all， people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their exploration.Second，new resources ca

44、n be found there for human being.Third，this exploration can possibly bring about new living space for human life in the near future. However， others are strongly against it.They believe that it takes so much money to do this kind of exploration，which is not worth the value.Besides，it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work in the outer space. In my opinion，people should be pioneering，and therefore such exploration into the outer space are worth trying out.