《经济法基础》大数据英语实用教程（张强华）参考答案.doc

1、参考答案Unit 1 Ex. 1根据Text A回答以下问题。1. What are the six Vs that are usd to describe big data?The six Vs that are usd to describe big data are volume, velocity, variety, value, veracity and variability.2. What does velocity mean?Velocity means that big data should be processed fast, in a stream-like manne

2、r because it just keeps coming.3. What does the data of an enterprise consist of?The data of an enterprise consists of its emails, documentation, images and photos, transaction records, etc. 4. What will we find if we look at social media platforms?If we look at social media platforms, well find the

3、y interest and attract over servery million users daily, scaling up data more than ever before.5. What can big data be categorized as? What does structured data consist of? Big data can be categorized as unstructured or structured. Structured data consists of information already managed by the organ

4、ization in databases and spreadsheets. 6. What is unstructured data? What does it include?Unstructured data is information that is unorganized and does not fall into a predetermined model or format. It includes data gathered from social media sources which help institutions gather information on cus

5、tomer needs. 7. What are important decisions in production or management made based on very often?Very often, important decisions in production or management are made based on personal opinions or unconfirmed facts. 8. What does big data analytics help you to do?Big data analytics helps you to optim

6、ize your resources, perform better risk management, and be data-driven when setting business goals.9. What will your goal define?Your goal will define the tools and data you will use for your research.10. What do insights taken from data allow you?Insights taken from data allow you not to miss impor

7、tant opportunities and manage your resources with maximum efficiency.Ex. 2根据Text B回答以下问题。1. What do examples of structured data include?Examples of structured data include dates, names, addresses, credit card numbers, etc.2. What are the pros of structured data?The pros of structured data are: easil

8、y used by machine learning (ML) algorithms; easily used by business users; accessible by more tools.3.What are the cons of structured data?The cons of structured data are: limited usage and limited storage options3. What do examples of unstructured data include?Examples of unstructured data include

9、text, mobile activity, social media posts, Internet of Things (IoT) sensor data, etc.5. What are the pros of unstructured data?The pros of unstructured data are: native format; fast accumulation rates; data lake storage.6.What are the cons of unstructured data?The cons of unstructured data are: requ

10、ired expertise and specialized tools.7. What are use cases for unstructured data?Use cases for unstructured data are data mining, predictive data analytics and chatbots.8. Where is structured data sourced from?Structured data is sourced from GPS sensors, online forms, network logs, web server logs,O

11、LTP systems, etc.9. What is semi-structured data?Semi-structured data (e.g., JSON, CSV, XML) is the “bridge” between structured and unstructured data. It does not have a predefined data model and is more complex than structured data, yet easier to store than unstructured data.10. What are the data f

12、ormats and models covered in this article helping business users to do in particular?In particular, the data formats and models covered in this article are helping business users to do the following:Analyze digital communications for complianceTrack high-volume customer conversations in social media

13、:Gain new marketing intelligenceEx. 3把下列词组翻译成中文。1.big data1.大数据2.base on2.基于3.structured data3.结构化数据4.textual analysis4.文本分析5.recommender system5.推荐系统6.data model6.数据模型7.data storage system7.数据存储系统8.non-relational database8.非关系数据库9.semi-structured data9.半结构化数据10.documentation10.n.文档Ex. 4把下列单词翻译成英文。1

14、.v.访问，存取1.access2.n.算法2.algorithm3.v.分析3.analyze4.v.收集；获得4.collect5.n.数据集5.dataset6.v.处理，应付6.handle7.vt.使最优化7.optimize8.adj.预测的，预言性的8.predictive9.vt.预加工，预处理9.preprocess10.n.（计算机）软件10.softwareEx. 5翻译句子。1. Its the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset. 它是目前最大的公共人脸识别数据集。2. Youllneedbigd

15、atatechnology to solve this problem.你需要用大数据技术来解决这个问题。3. This tool can be used in a variety of ways.这一工具有多种用途。4. A few megabytes are required for the binaries, documentation and configuration files.二进制代码，文档和配置文件需要几兆空间。5. They have analyzed various factors. 他们已经分析了各种因素。6. The information is processed

16、in a random order. 信息是按随机顺序处理的。7. The server is designed to store huge amounts of data. 该服务器是为存储大量数据设计的。8. It is not possible to open the data in spreadsheet applications. 不能在电子表格应用程序中打开这种数据。9. Mostorganizationscannotusesuchunstructureddataefficiently.大多数企业不能有效地利用那些非结构化数据。10. All this information ha

17、d to be input onto the computer. 所有这些信息都必须输入计算机。Unit 2 Ex. 1根据Text A回答以下问题。1. What is database? How are traditional database organized? It is a collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data. Traditional databases are organized by

18、fields, records, and files.2. What is a field? What is a record? And what is a file? A field is a single piece of information; a record is one complete set of fields; and a file is a collection of records.3. What are Hypertext databases particularly useful for? Hypertext databases are particularly u

19、seful for organizing large amounts of disparate information, but they are not designed for numerical analysis.4. What do you need to access information from a database? What is it? To access information from a database, you need a database management system (DBMS. This is a collection of programs th

20、at enables you to enter, organize, and select data in a database.5. What are fields in database systems? What are they called in spreadsheets? In database systems, fields are the smallest units of information you can access. In spreadsheets, fields are called cells.6. What is the difference between

21、a required field, an optional field and a calculated field? A required field is one in which you must enter data, while an optional field is one you may leave blank. A calculated field is one whose value is derived from some formula involving other fields. You do not enter data into a calculated fie

22、ld; the system automatically determines the correct value.7. What is record in database management systems? What is the relationship between records and a file? In database management systems, record is a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of

23、 information. A set of records constitutes a file.8. What are examples of database applications? The following are examples of database applications: computerized library systems automated teller machines flight reservation systems computerized parts inventory systems9. What is SQL? SQL is a standar

24、dized query language for requesting information from a database.10. What is a distributed database? It is a database that consists of two or more data files located at different sites on a computer network.Ex. 2根据Text B回答以下问题。1. What is a data warehouse?A data warehouse is a type of data management

25、system that is designed to enable and support business intelligence (BI) activities, especially analytics. 2. What does a data warehouse do？ A data warehouse centralizes and consolidates large amounts of data from multiple sources. 3. What do data warehouses offer?Data warehouses offer the overarchi

26、ng and unique benefit of allowing organizations to analyze large amounts of variant data and extract significant value from it as well as to keep a historical record.4. What are the four unique characteristics of data warehouses?The four unique characteristics of data warehouses data warehouses are

27、subject-oriented, integrated, nonvolatile and time-variant. 5. How many types of traditional data warehouse models to consider when designing a corporations data warehouse? What are they?There are three types of traditional data warehouse models to consider. They are single-tier data warehouse archi

28、tecture, two-tier data warehouse architecture and three-tier data warehouse architecture.6. What do some of the advantages of cloud data warehouses include?Some of the advantages of cloud data warehouses include: Elastic, scale-out support for large or variable compute or storage requirements Ease o

29、f use Ease of management Cost savings7. How does a modern data architecture addresses those different needs?A modern data architecture addresses those different needs by providing a way to manage all data types, workloads and analysis.8. What can a modern data warehouse efficiently do?A modern data

30、warehouse can efficiently streamline data workflows in a way that other warehouses cant. 9. When an organization sets out to design a data warehouse, how must it begin?When an organization sets out to design a data warehouse, it must begin by defining its specific business requirements, agreeing on

31、the scope, and drafting a conceptual design.10. What must any data warehouse design address?Any data warehouse design must address the following: Specific data content Relationships within and between groups of data The systems environment that will support the data warehouse The types of data trans

32、formations required Data refresh frequencyEx. 3把下列词组翻译成中文。1.data structure1.数据结构2.distributed database2.分布式数据库3.field name3.字段名，字段名4.cloud data warehouse4.云数据仓库5.character string5.字符串6.data management system6.数据管理系统7.data warehouse 7.数据仓库8.data stream8.数据流9.log file9.日志文件10.raw information10.原生信息，原始

33、资料Ex. 4把下列单词翻译成英文。1.n.数据库1.database2.vt.提取，析取2.extract3.n.字段，字段3.field4.n.主机，大型机4.mainframe5.v.同步5.synchronize6.n.复杂性plexity7.n.查询；调查，审查；询问7.inquiry8.n.界面；接口8.interface9.n.中间件；中间设备9.middleware10.adj.非易失性的10.nonvolatileEx. 5翻译句子。1. Computer databases typically contain aggregations of data records or

34、files.2. The relational database was invented by E. F. Codd at IBM in 1970.3. SQL is the standard user and application program interface to a relational database.4. SQL statements are used both for interactive queries for information from a relational database and for gathering data for reports.5. D

35、ata independence makes stored data as accessible as possible.6. Deleting tells the computer that data or file is no longer need.7. A deleted file usually remains stored until the operating system reuses the space containing the deleted material.8. A database management system allows users to control

36、 security and data integrity requirements.9. A database management system handles user requests for database action.10. A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed and updated.1. 典型的计算机数据库包括数据记录和文件的集合。2. 关系数据库是由IBM公司的E. F. Codd于1970年发明的。3. S

37、QL是标准用户和应用程序与关系数据库的接口。4. SQL语句用来从关系数据库中交互式查询信息和为报表采集数据。5. 数据无关性使得存储的数据尽可能容易地被访问。6. 删除告诉计算机不再需要那些数据或文件。7. 通常被删除的文件仍然存在，除非操作系统重新使用了那些包含删除信息的介质空间。8. 数据库管理系统允许用户对安全性和数据完整性请求进行控制。9. 数据库管理系统处理用户对数据库的操作请求。10. 数据库是组织起来的信息集合，以便容易存取、管理和更新。Unit 3 Ex. 1根据Text A回答以下问题。1. What is data collection?Data collection i

38、s a systematic process of gathering observations or measurements. 2. What are the four steps to collect high-quality data that is relevant to your purposes?To collect high-quality data that is relevant to your purposes, follow these four steps. Define the aim of your research, choose your data colle

39、ction method, plan your data collection procedures and collect the data.3. What do you need to do before you start the process of data collection?Before you start the process of data collection, you need to identify exactly what you want to achieve. 4. When should you collect quantitative data?If yo

40、ur aim is to test a hypothesis, measure something precisely, or gain large-scale statistical insights, collect quantitative data.5. What does operationalization mean?Operationalization means turning abstract conceptual ideas into measurable observations. 6. What can using multiple ratings of a singl

41、e concept help you?Using multiple ratings of a single concept can help you cross-check your data and assess the test validity of your measures.7. What will your sampling method do?Your sampling method will determine how you recruit participants or obtain measurements for your study. 8. What should y

42、ou also do before beginning data collection?Before beginning data collection, you should also decide how you will organize and store your data.9. How can you prevent loss of data?You can prevent loss of data by having an organization system that is routinely backed up.10. What are some best practice

43、s to ensure that high quality data is recorded in a systematic way?To ensure that high quality data is recorded in a systematic way, some best practices are: Record all relevant information as and when you obtain data. For example, note down whether or how lab equipment is recalibrated during an exp

44、erimental study. Double-check manual data entry for errors. If you collect quantitative data, you can assess the reliability and validity to get an indication of your data quality.Ex. 2根据Text B回答以下问题。1.What is thethe in-thing today? Today, the in-thing iscloud data storagewhere information and data

45、are stored electronically online. 2. What are five of the biggest benefits that you get to enjoy when yousave your big data in the cloud?Five of the biggest benefits that you get to enjoy when yousave your big data in the cloud are as follows. Easy Accessibility and Usability; Easy Recovery of Data;

46、 Cost-Effectiveness; Automation and Easy Sharing of Data; Synchronization and Scalable Service.3. What does StudyMoose note?StudyMoose notes that all you have to do in most cases is to drag your file or data and drop it into the online space.4. What have writers of free essays online learned to do?W

47、riters of free essays online have learned to save their essay databases in cloud to guard against attack by malware and viruses. 5. What can storing big data off the cloud be?Storing big data off the cloudcan be very expensive and space-consuming. 6. When is the time you may have to pay?The only time you may