定语从句（ppt课件）-2025届高三英语一轮复习.rar
定语从句详解Catalogue1.定语从句概述定语从句概述 定语从句分类定语从句分类2.定语从句需注意定语从句需注意的的问题问题3.目录4.练习01定语从句概述7先行词先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，位于定语从句之前。例如，在句子“This is the book that I bought yesterday”中，“book”作为先行词，被定语从句“that I bought yesterday”修饰，指明是具体哪一本书。关系词关系词包括关系代词和关系副词，用于引导定语从句并连接主句与从句。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等；关系副词有when,where,why等。它们在从句中充当一定的成分，如在例句中，“that”作为关系代词，在从句中作宾语。定语从句定义that的用法“that”可指人也可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。例如，“The man that/who is standing there is my father”中，“that”作主语；“This is the book that/which I like best”中，“that”作宾语。which的用法“which”指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语。例如，“The book which/that was written by him is very popular”中，“which”作主语；“I dont like the movie which/that he recommended”中，“which”作宾语。who和whom的用法“who”指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如，“The boy who is playing football is my brother”中，“who”作主语；“The man who/whom I met yesterday is my teacher”中，“who”作宾语。“whom”指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。whose的用法“whose”表示所属关系，在从句中作定语，既可指人也可指物。例如，“I know the boy whose father is a doctor”和“This is the book whose cover is blue”。关系代词的用法when的用法“when”在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。例如，“I still remember the day when we first met”。where的用法“where”在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词通常是表示地点的名词。例如，“This is the school where I studied for three years”。why的用法“why”在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是“reason”。例如，“Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?”010203关系副词的用法引导非限制性定语从句时：Mybrother,whoisadoctor,worksinabighospital.而Mybrotherworksinabighospital,whichisveryfamousinourcity.（我哥哥在一家大医院工作，这家医院在我们城市很有名。）当关系词前有介词时：ThisistheroominwhichIlivedlastyear.（这是我去年住过的房间。）（一）只能用that的情况先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。）先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast等修饰时：ThisistheverybookthatIwant.（这正是我想要的那本书。）先行词既有人又有物时：Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyremembered.（他们谈论着他们所记得的人和事。）当先行词为不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing等时：Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.（所有能做的都已经做了。）只能用that的情况（二）只用which不用that的情况关系代词和关系副词的特殊用法“介词+关系代词”结构常见的介词有 in,in,on,on,at,at,for,for,with,with,to to 等，介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。例如：This This is is the the book book for for which which I I paid paid ten ten yuan.yuan.（这就是我花了十元钱买的那本书。）pay for pay for 是固定搭配。关系代词在 “介词 +关系代词”结构中只能用 whom whom 指人，which which 指物，不能用 thatthat。例如：The The man man with with whom whom I I shook shook hands hands just just now now is is my my teacher.teacher.（刚才和我握手的那个人是我的老师。）定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。例如：He is one of the boys who are good at football.（他是擅长足球的男孩之一。）先行词是 boys，所以谓语用 are。若先行词前有 the only,the very 等修饰时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。例如：She is the only one of the girls who is good at singing.（她是这些女孩中唯一一个擅长唱歌的。）先行词是 the only one，所以谓语用 is。as as 引导的定语从句as 引导限制性定语从句：通常用于 suchas，the sameas 结构中。例如：I have the same book as you have.（我有一本和你一样的书。）as 引导非限制性定语从句：可放在主句之前、之后或中间，常译为“正如”。例如：As we all know,the earth is round.（众所周知，地球是圆的。）定语从句与其他从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制，关系词在从句中充当一定的定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制，关系词在从句中充当一定的成分；同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容的解释说明，引成分；同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容的解释说明，引导词在从句中不充当成分。导词在从句中不充当成分。例如：例如：The news that he told me is true.The news that he told me is true.（定语从句，（定语从句，that that 在从句中在从句中作宾语）；作宾语）；The news that he won the game is true.The news that he won the game is true.（同位语从句，（同位语从句，that that 在从句中不充当成分）在从句中不充当成分）定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词，而同位语从句的先行词通常定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词，而同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，如是抽象名词，如 news,fact,idea,promise news,fact,idea,promise 等。等。定语从句与其他从句的区别定语从句与状语从句的区别定语从句与状语从句的区别定语从句在句中作定语，修饰先行词；状语从句在句中作状语，定语从句在句中作定语，修饰先行词；状语从句在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。例如：例如：I will never forget the day when we first met.I will never forget the day when we first met.（定语从句，（定语从句，修饰修饰 the daythe day）；）；I was reading a book when he came in.I was reading a book when he came in.（状语从句，（状语从句，修饰动词修饰动词 was readingwas reading）定语从句在写作中的应用在写作中，合理使用定语从句可以使文章更加丰富、准确地表在写作中，合理使用定语从句可以使文章更加丰富、准确地表达思想。例如：达思想。例如：I have a good friend who is always willing to help I have a good friend who is always willing to help me when I am in trouble.me when I am in trouble.（我有一个好朋友，他总是在我遇到困（我有一个好朋友，他总是在我遇到困难时愿意帮助我。）难时愿意帮助我。）总之，掌握定语从句的用法对于高中英语的学习至关重要，需总之，掌握定语从句的用法对于高中英语的学习至关重要，需要通过大量的练习和阅读来加深理解和熟练运用要通过大量的练习和阅读来加深理解和熟练运用02定语从句的分类限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的主要区别在于，限制性定语从句是句子意义不可或缺的一部分，而非限制性定语从句则起补充说明作用。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语。如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义。例如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”中，“that I bought yesterday”是限制性定语从句。定义与功能与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句定义与功能非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。例如，“My father,who is a doctor,works very hard”中，“who is a doctor”是非限制性定语从句。使用逗号的规则非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开，这是英语语法中的一个规则，有助于区分定语从句的类型，并且使句子更加清晰易懂。0102非限制性定语从句03定语从句需注意的问题先行词性质与关系词的关系选择关系词时，要根据先行词的性质以及关系词在从句中所充当的成分来确定。例如，先行词是人时，通常使用“who”或“whom”；先行词是物时，通常使用“which”或“that”。关系词在从句中的成分确定关系词后，要注意它在从句中是否已经充当了合适的成分，以确保从句结构完整。例如，“He is one of the students who are good at English”中，“who”引导的定语从句中，“who”作主语，谓语动词“are”与先行词“students”保持一致。Part 01Part 02关系词的选择谓语动词与先行词的一致性定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。这是英语语法中的一个基本原则，确保句子的正确性和流畅性。主谓一致从句的完整性要求关系词在从句中充当适当的成分，这有助于确保句子结构的完整性和语法的正确性。关系词的适当成分从句的完整性04练习练习一、用适当的关系词填空I like the book _ you lent me yesterday.The boy _ is standing there is my brother.This is the house _ I lived last year.I still remember the day _ we first met.The reason _ he was late for school is that he missed the bus.练习答案及解析that/which。先行词是“thebook”，指物，在从句中作宾语，所以可以用that或which。who/that。先行词是“theboy”，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who或that。where。先行词是“thehouse”，表示地点，在从句中作地点状语，所以用where。when。先行词是“theday”，表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，所以用when。why。先行词是“thereason”，表示原因，在从句中作原因状语，所以用why。二、将下列两个句子合并为一个含有定语从句的句子The book is very interesting.I bought it yesterday.The boy is my brother.He is standing there.This is the house.I lived in it last year.I still remember the day.We first met on that day.The reason is that he missed the bus.He was late for school for the reason.答案The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.The boy who/that is standing there is my brother.This is the house which/that I lived in last year.或 This is the house where I lived last year.I still remember the day when we first met.The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus.练习谢谢大家
收藏
- 资源描述：
-
定语从句详解Catalogue1.定语从句概述定语从句概述 定语从句分类定语从句分类2.定语从句需注意定语从句需注意的的问题问题3.目录4.练习01定语从句概述7先行词先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，位于定语从句之前。例如，在句子“This is the book that I bought yesterday”中，“book”作为先行词，被定语从句“that I bought yesterday”修饰，指明是具体哪一本书。关系词关系词包括关系代词和关系副词，用于引导定语从句并连接主句与从句。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等；关系副词有when,where,why等。它们在从句中充当一定的成分，如在例句中，“that”作为关系代词，在从句中作宾语。定语从句定义that的用法“that”可指人也可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。例如，“The man that/who is standing there is my father”中，“that”作主语；“This is the book that/which I like best”中，“that”作宾语。which的用法“which”指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语。例如，“The book which/that was written by him is very popular”中，“which”作主语；“I dont like the movie which/that he recommended”中，“which”作宾语。who和whom的用法“who”指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如，“The boy who is playing football is my brother”中，“who”作主语；“The man who/whom I met yesterday is my teacher”中，“who”作宾语。“whom”指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。whose的用法“whose”表示所属关系，在从句中作定语，既可指人也可指物。例如，“I know the boy whose father is a doctor”和“This is the book whose cover is blue”。关系代词的用法when的用法“when”在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。例如，“I still remember the day when we first met”。where的用法“where”在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词通常是表示地点的名词。例如，“This is the school where I studied for three years”。why的用法“why”在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是“reason”。例如，“Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?”010203关系副词的用法引导非限制性定语从句时：Mybrother,whoisadoctor,worksinabighospital.而Mybrotherworksinabighospital,whichisveryfamousinourcity.（我哥哥在一家大医院工作，这家医院在我们城市很有名。）当关系词前有介词时：ThisistheroominwhichIlivedlastyear.（这是我去年住过的房间。）（一）只能用that的情况先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。）先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast等修饰时：ThisistheverybookthatIwant.（这正是我想要的那本书。）先行词既有人又有物时：Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyremembered.（他们谈论着他们所记得的人和事。）当先行词为不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing等时：Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.（所有能做的都已经做了。）只能用that的情况（二）只用which不用that的情况关系代词和关系副词的特殊用法“介词+关系代词”结构常见的介词有 in,in,on,on,at,at,for,for,with,with,to to 等，介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。例如：This This is is the the book book for for which which I I paid paid ten ten yuan.yuan.（这就是我花了十元钱买的那本书。）pay for pay for 是固定搭配。关系代词在 “介词 +关系代词”结构中只能用 whom whom 指人，which which 指物，不能用 thatthat。例如：The The man man with with whom whom I I shook shook hands hands just just now now is is my my teacher.teacher.（刚才和我握手的那个人是我的老师。）定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。例如：He is one of the boys who are good at football.（他是擅长足球的男孩之一。）先行词是 boys，所以谓语用 are。若先行词前有 the only,the very 等修饰时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。例如：She is the only one of the girls who is good at singing.（她是这些女孩中唯一一个擅长唱歌的。）先行词是 the only one，所以谓语用 is。as as 引导的定语从句as 引导限制性定语从句：通常用于 suchas，the sameas 结构中。例如：I have the same book as you have.（我有一本和你一样的书。）as 引导非限制性定语从句：可放在主句之前、之后或中间，常译为“正如”。例如：As we all know,the earth is round.（众所周知，地球是圆的。）定语从句与其他从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制，关系词在从句中充当一定的定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制，关系词在从句中充当一定的成分；同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容的解释说明，引成分；同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容的解释说明，引导词在从句中不充当成分。导词在从句中不充当成分。例如：例如：The news that he told me is true.The news that he told me is true.（定语从句，（定语从句，that that 在从句中在从句中作宾语）；作宾语）；The news that he won the game is true.The news that he won the game is true.（同位语从句，（同位语从句，that that 在从句中不充当成分）在从句中不充当成分）定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词，而同位语从句的先行词通常定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词，而同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，如是抽象名词，如 news,fact,idea,promise news,fact,idea,promise 等。等。定语从句与其他从句的区别定语从句与状语从句的区别定语从句与状语从句的区别定语从句在句中作定语，修饰先行词；状语从句在句中作状语，定语从句在句中作定语，修饰先行词；状语从句在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。例如：例如：I will never forget the day when we first met.I will never forget the day when we first met.（定语从句，（定语从句，修饰修饰 the daythe day）；）；I was reading a book when he came in.I was reading a book when he came in.（状语从句，（状语从句，修饰动词修饰动词 was readingwas reading）定语从句在写作中的应用在写作中，合理使用定语从句可以使文章更加丰富、准确地表在写作中，合理使用定语从句可以使文章更加丰富、准确地表达思想。例如：达思想。例如：I have a good friend who is always willing to help I have a good friend who is always willing to help me when I am in trouble.me when I am in trouble.（我有一个好朋友，他总是在我遇到困（我有一个好朋友，他总是在我遇到困难时愿意帮助我。）难时愿意帮助我。）总之，掌握定语从句的用法对于高中英语的学习至关重要，需总之，掌握定语从句的用法对于高中英语的学习至关重要，需要通过大量的练习和阅读来加深理解和熟练运用要通过大量的练习和阅读来加深理解和熟练运用02定语从句的分类限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的主要区别在于，限制性定语从句是句子意义不可或缺的一部分，而非限制性定语从句则起补充说明作用。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语。如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义。例如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”中，“that I bought yesterday”是限制性定语从句。定义与功能与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句定义与功能非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。例如，“My father,who is a doctor,works very hard”中，“who is a doctor”是非限制性定语从句。使用逗号的规则非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开，这是英语语法中的一个规则，有助于区分定语从句的类型，并且使句子更加清晰易懂。0102非限制性定语从句03定语从句需注意的问题先行词性质与关系词的关系选择关系词时，要根据先行词的性质以及关系词在从句中所充当的成分来确定。例如，先行词是人时，通常使用“who”或“whom”；先行词是物时，通常使用“which”或“that”。关系词在从句中的成分确定关系词后，要注意它在从句中是否已经充当了合适的成分，以确保从句结构完整。例如，“He is one of the students who are good at English”中，“who”引导的定语从句中，“who”作主语，谓语动词“are”与先行词“students”保持一致。Part 01Part 02关系词的选择谓语动词与先行词的一致性定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。这是英语语法中的一个基本原则，确保句子的正确性和流畅性。主谓一致从句的完整性要求关系词在从句中充当适当的成分，这有助于确保句子结构的完整性和语法的正确性。关系词的适当成分从句的完整性04练习练习一、用适当的关系词填空I like the book _ you lent me yesterday.The boy _ is standing there is my brother.This is the house _ I lived last year.I still remember the day _ we first met.The reason _ he was late for school is that he missed the bus.练习答案及解析that/which。先行词是“thebook”，指物，在从句中作宾语，所以可以用that或which。who/that。先行词是“theboy”，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who或that。where。先行词是“thehouse”，表示地点，在从句中作地点状语，所以用where。when。先行词是“theday”，表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，所以用when。why。先行词是“thereason”，表示原因，在从句中作原因状语，所以用why。二、将下列两个句子合并为一个含有定语从句的句子The book is very interesting.I bought it yesterday.The boy is my brother.He is standing there.This is the house.I lived in it last year.I still remember the day.We first met on that day.The reason is that he missed the bus.He was late for school for the reason.答案The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.The boy who/that is standing there is my brother.This is the house which/that I lived in last year.或 This is the house where I lived last year.I still remember the day when we first met.The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus.练习谢谢大家
展开阅读全文
