句子成分分析与阅读理解细节题解题方法 （ppt课件）-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项.rar
句子成分分析与阅读理解技巧0 10 20 30 4句子基本成分句子基本成分五大基本句型五大基本句型长难句分析长难句分析阅读理解细节题阅读理解细节题解题方法解题方法目 录01句子基本成分句子基本成分I saw the black cat Tom in the park yesterday.主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语 宾语补足语 SVOPAOC(subject)主语主语:句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物；(verb)谓语谓语动词动词:说明主语的动作说明主语的动作、状态和特征状态和特征；(object)宾语宾语:动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者；DO(direct object)(sth.)IO(indirect object)(sb.)(object complement)宾宾语语补补足足语语：说说明明宾宾语语的的身身份份和和状状态态以以补补充其意义不足充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整使句子的意义完整。(adverbial)状状语语：说说明明地地点点、时时间间、原原因因、目目的的、结结果果、条件条件、方向方向、程度程度、方式和伴随状况等方式和伴随状况等；(predicative)表语表语：连系动词后面的成分连系动词后面的成分；句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。(Subject)V(Verb)(Object)(Predicative)(Adverbial)(Direct Object)(Object Complement)(Indirect Object)（同位语）Appositive（定语）Attribute主语状语宾语补足语间接宾语表语宾语谓语直接宾语句子成分句子成分如何组成句子？如何组成句子？主要成分主要成分:主语和谓语主语和谓语次要成分次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语02五大基本句型五大基本句型 Tom Jerry There is a story about Tom and Jerry.1.SVO（主（主+及物动词及物动词+宾）宾）subjectverbobjectTom beats JerryuTom makes jokes on Jerry.uJerry hates Tom.Five basic sentence patterns in English Five basic sentence patterns in English2.SV(主主+不及物动词不及物动词)subjectverbThe mouse cried.uThe cat laughs.uThe mouse runs away.Five basic sentence patterns in English3.SVOC(主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补)subjectverbobjectThe cat made the mouse crazy.OCuTom makes Jerry sad.uTom sees Jerry crying.Five basic sentence patterns in English4.S V IO DC(主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾)subjectverbIOThe cat gave the mouse some flowers.DO人是间接宾语人是间接宾语人是间接宾语人是间接宾语物是直接宾语物是直接宾语物是直接宾语物是直接宾语uJerry shows Tom a letter.uTom gives Jerry a hug.Five basic sentence patterns in English5.SVP(主主+系系+表表)subjectverbThe mouse was happy.predictiveuTom looks puzzled.uJerry and Tom are good friends.常见的系动词主要有：常见的系动词主要有：(1)“状态状态”类：类：be(am，is，are，was，were)(2)“感官感官”类：类：look，sound，smell，taste，feel(3)“持续持续”类：类：keep，stay，remain，lie(4)“表象表象”类：类：seem,look,appear等等(5)“渐变渐变”类：类：grow，turn，get，go，become(6)“证明证明”类：类：prove系动词起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词一样有时态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。【当堂检测】判断句子结构类型。1)They smiled.2)The cat caught fire.3)The leaves turns yellow.4)Tom bought Jerry a gift.5)Jerry found Tom very funny.6)Tom and Jerry swim in the lake.7)There are many flowers around the lake.S+V+O+OCS+V+AS+VS+V+OS+PS+V+IO+DOThere be+S+ASummary2.主主+谓（及物动词）谓（及物动词）+宾宾1.主主+谓（不及物动词）谓（不及物动词）4.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补3.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾5.主主+系系+表表动词的类型决定了句子的类型！动词的类型决定了句子的类型！*There be+主语主语03长难句分析长难句分析长难句1何谓长难句3实战演练2长难句分析方法1 1何谓长难何谓长难句句长难2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法“If you ask people to name the one person who had thegreatesteffect onthe English language,you will getanswers like“Shakespeare,”“Samuel Johnson,”and“Webster,”butnoneofthese menhad any effect atallcompared to a man who didnt even speak EnglishWilliamtheConqueror.”2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法语法分析核心思想：提取主干（主语+谓语）语法分析基本步骤1首先把长难句分解成若干个简单句;2找出连词和关系词;3分析2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法1）首先把长难句分解成若干个简单句;“If you ask people to name the one person who had thegreatest effect on the English language,you will getanswers like”Shakespeare,”“SamuelJohnson,”and“Webster,”butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidntevenspeakEnglishWilliamtheConqueror.”基本步骤2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法2）找出连词和关系词“If you ask people to name the one person who had thegreatest effect on the English language,you will getanswers like”Shakespeare,”“SamuelJohnson,”and“Webster,”butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidntevenspeakEnglishWilliamtheConqueror.”基本步骤2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法3）分析“If you ask people to name the one person who had thegreatest effect on the English language,you will getanswers like”Shakespeare,”“SamuelJohnson,”and“Webster,”butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidntevenspeakEnglishWilliamtheConqueror.”基本步骤2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法请写出长难句分析的三个步骤。步骤一：步骤二：步骤三：2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法请写出长难句分析的三个步骤。步骤一：首先把长难句分解成若干个简单句 步骤二：找出连词和关系词;步骤三：分析。Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass,lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.1.请划出这两句话的主干部分。2.翻译两句话3 3实战演实战演练练课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些测试直接来自于指定的阅读材料或上节课/讨论的笔记，所以在课堂上认真做笔记是很重要的。04阅读理解细节题阅读理解细节题解题技巧解题技巧S Spot pot thethe differences differences 大家大家来来找找茬茬Question types of Reading ComprehensionWhichoneisthemostimportant?细节理解题：We try to find answers directly or indirectly in the text according to the details.近三年细节理解题考情分析年份年份卷别卷别题号题号2023新高考I卷21、23、24、26、28、332023新高考II卷 21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、352022新高考I卷22、25、26、27、32、332022新高考II卷 21、22、23、25、26、27、29、342021新高考I卷21、22、23、24、26、27、28、322021新高考卷 21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34近三年细节理解题考情分析考点要求考题统计考情分析直接信息题直接信息题3年8考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析，细节理解题主要集中考查：直接信息题、间接信息题；数字计算题。【命题预测】2024年高考还会集中考查细节理解的这三种形式，而且细节理解题仍然占阅读理解的较高比重。间接信息题间接信息题3年37考数字计算题数字计算题3年3考技法一直接信息技法一直接信息题定位比定位比对找答案找答案 直接信息直接信息题常以常以应用文的形式出用文的形式出现在考在考题中，涉及的中，涉及的话题有：广告有：广告类、活活动安排安排类、书籍或籍或电影介影介绍类、演出信息、演出信息类等。等。设问方式多方式多为以以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和和how)等开等开头的特殊疑的特殊疑问句。句。解题策略细节理解题1.Whoisstillcontributingtotheworld?A.MarieCurie.B.JaneGoodall.C.RitaLevi-Montalcini.D.LiseMeitner.MarieCurie(1867-1934)Famousfor:WorkonradioactivityJaneGoodal(1934)Famousfor:Primate(灵长类)studiesRitaLevi-montalcini(1909-2012)Famousfor:NervegrowthstudiesLiseMeitner(1878-1968)Famousfor:Workonradioactivityandnuclearphysics1.直接信息题解题策略-直接定位法2.WhatdidRitaLevi-Montalciniresearchon?A.Nervegrowth.B.Thewildlife.C.Nuclearexplosion.D.Radioactivity.March 6th Thames Islands by Miranda Vickers.The Thames had many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest.Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?A.Miranda Vickers.B.Malcolm Tucker.C.Chris Lewis.D.Liz Payne.Direct information1.（2023新高考卷阅读理解A篇节选）GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.Direct information【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。2.【2023年全国乙卷A篇】（节选）PRACTITIONERSRebeccaLeeCrumpler(18311895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.Direct information23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?AJacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.【答案】D【解析】运用“跳读法”，就可以迅速在文章最后一个人物介绍的第二句原词出现thefirstAfricanAmericanwoman，可知，RebeccaLeeCrumpler是第一个拥有医学学位的非裔美国人。How to deal with it?Step1：Find the _ of the question.Step2：_ the relevant information in the text through skimming and scanning.Step3:Compare the information and determine the answer.Conclusionkey wordsLocateCalculation 数数字字计计算算细细节节理理解解题题一一般般会会涉涉及及时时间间、年年龄龄、价价钱钱、数数量量、距距离离等等的的简简单单计计算算。一一般般来来说说，从从数数学学的的角角度度讲讲，计计算算都都比比较较小小，计计算算容容易易。但但是是英英语语阅阅读读中中的的数数字字计计算算必必须须要要找找出出计计算算背背后后所所隐隐含含的的信信息息。这这些些暗暗信信息息会会涉涉及及对对某某个个难难句句的的理理解解，从从这这个个角角度度讲讲，理理解解文文中中相相应应的的复复杂句杂句是这类题的关键。是这类题的关键。Common questions:1.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive?2.How much should he pay to visit?3.How many languages are spoken by?CalculationADMISSIONAdult：4.90Child：2.20Family：12.00（2 adults+up to 3 children）How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children？A.9.80 B.12.00 C.14.20 D.16.40稿定PPT0202Prices（2023新高考卷阅读理解A篇）Calculation2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.15.75.B.19.50.C.22.75.D.29.50.【答案】C稿定PPT02022.（20231月浙江卷阅读理解A篇节选）ExplorersCampFulldaycampforkidsaged5-13.Monday-Friday,July8-26,9am-4pm.Week1|July8-12Week2|July15-19Week3|July22-26Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.Fees:$365perweek.Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.CampStructureThedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.Campershaveathree-hourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9amto12noon)andaone-hourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthree-hourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1pmto4pm).Snackperiodsareheldthroughouttheday.Allcampersshouldbringtheirownbaggedlunchandsnacks.1.Howmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleweek?A15.B21.C30.D42.Calculation Special words:decade a.a.折扣折扣 fortnight b.b.二十二十 double c.c.十年十年 couple d.d.减价减价 score e.e.十二十二 dozen f.f.两个两个 off g.g.两周两周 discount h.h.两倍两倍 CalculationIndirect informationCommon questions:1.Accordingtotheauthor/passage,2.Whatcanwelearnabout?3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?4.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?Tips:Step1:阅读题干，阅读题干，确定关键词确定关键词，锁定原文相关，锁定原文相关信息；信息；Step2:定位题干关键词的定位题干关键词的转换形式转换形式；Step3:利用利用正确选项特征正确选项特征，确定答案。，确定答案。Whatformscanthekeywordsbetransformedinto?Confucius.assumed that all men were equal at birth,though some had more potential than others,and that it was knowledge that make men stand out.Socrates focused on individual,and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed.What made some people different from others according to Confucius?A.Family B.Potential C.Knowledge D.Community近近义词义词SynonymIndirect information稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持续更新，上千款模板选择总有一款适合你02021.（2023新高考卷阅读理解C篇节选）CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideitsrightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeoplesdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Indirect information稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持续更新，上千款模板选择总有一款适合你0202()28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideitsrightforyou.(这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。Indirect information稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持续更新，上千款模板选择总有一款适合你02022.（2023全国甲卷阅读理解B篇节选）Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)comestoanend.Sheadds:“IvemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,itsbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenIvemovedout.”26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore.B.Byfurnishingitherself.C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate.D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.【答案】A【解析】根据本段最后一句“So,itsbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenIvemovedout.”可知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。Indirect informationIndirect informationCommon questions:1.Accordingtotheauthor/passage,2.Whatcanwelearnabout?3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三误一正）4.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?（三正一误）Tips:1.1.阅读题干，阅读题干，确定关键词确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息；，锁定原文相关信息；2.2.定位题干关键词的定位题干关键词的转换形式转换形式；3.3.利用利用正确选项特征正确选项特征，确定答案。，确定答案。Whatarethefeaturesofthecorrectanswers?Whatformscanthekeywordsbetransformedinto?1.Synonym近义词2.Antonym反义词3.Paraphrase解释Indirect informationCommon questions:1.Accordingtotheauthor/passage,2.Whatcanwelearnabout?3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?4.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?Tips:1.1.阅读题干，阅读题干，确定关键词确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息；，锁定原文相关信息；2.2.定位题干关键词的定位题干关键词的转换形式转换形式；3.3.利用利用正确选项特征正确选项特征，确定答案。，确定答案。Whatarethefeaturesofthecorrectanswers?1.Synonym近义词近义词2.Simplification简化原文信息简化原文信息3.The change of the grammatical voice/parts of speech词性词性/语态变化语态变化1.1.无中生有无中生有3.3.答非所问答非所问4.4.偷换概念，偷换概念，张冠李戴张冠李戴2.2.半对半错半对半错Typical mistakes推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考察学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。推理判断类解题要领：1.要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。2.以原文内容为前提，根据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观的对文中未说明的现象或事例给与合理的逻辑判断，做出一定解释。二：推理判断题推理判断题分类：1.推断 隐含意义 2.推断 作者观点或态度3.推断 写作目的 4.推断 文章出处或读者对象Idontthinkitsrighttocriticizeoneschoiceinfoodoreatinghabits,nomatterhowstrangetheymayseem.ItsnotonlyinChina.WhenIwentabroad,Ifoundpeoplehadallsortsofstrangehabitswhenitcametofood.InDenmark,theyputsaltedredfishonbreadandeatitfordinner,nomatterhowmuchitruinsyourbreath.Theythinkitsadelicacy(美味佳肴)，anditsconnectedtotheircertainculture.Ithinkitsawonderfultradition.Whatsthe writers attitude toDenmarkswayofeatingbread?A.Indifferent.B.Critical.C.Understandable.D.Doubtful.技巧点拨:注意读者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断作者的弦外之音。Inhis2013book,MyBriefHistory,Hawkingwroteabouthisfirstlearningoftheillness,“Ifeltitwasveryunfair-whyshouldthishappentome?”Headded,“Atthetime,IthoughtmylifewasoverandthatIwouldneverrealizethepotentialIfeltIhad.“Butnow,50yearslater,Icanbequitesatisfiedwithmylife,”hewrote.WhatisHawkingsattitudetowardslifewhenhewasjustdiagnosedwithALS?A.Optimistic.B.Hopeless.C.Disappointed.D.Confident.推断作者推断作者观观点和点和态态度度说明作者的态度的常用词语有：positive积极的active活跃的favorable支持的optimistic乐观的approval赞同的humorous幽默的negative消极的passive消极的inactive不活跃的unfavorable不支持的pessimistic悲观的disapproval不赞同的worried担忧的concerned担忧的critical批判的indifferent漠不关心的ambiguous模棱两可的doubtful怀疑的unclear不明的hopeless绝望的问题形式（1）考查整篇文章的写作目的A.Thewriterspurpose/intention/aimofwritingthispassageisto_.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?（2）考查某处细节的写作意图A.Thewriterusestheexampleof.toshowthat_.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_.C.arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_.推断写作目的推断写作目的技巧点拨：一般在第一段或最后一段找答案，注意but,however等关键词文章出文章出处处ManyofusloveJulybecauseitsthemonthwhennaturesberries（浆果）andstonefruits（核果）areinabundance（丰富）.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbiasfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.（首段）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.left备考指南1.以以读读攻攻读读。阅阅读读在在高高考考中中占占的的比比重重非非常常大大，常常有有人人说说“得得阅阅读读者者得得高高考考”。要要阅阅读读得得高高分分，必必须须通通过过大大量量的的阅阅读读才才可可实实现现。因因此此，在在复复习习的的过过程程中中要要坚坚持持每每天天阅阅读读，至至少少一一篇篇，基基础础好好的的可可多多篇篇。而而且且要要读读懂懂，要要消消化化，要要抄抄录录你你遇遇到到的的“生生词词”，并有意识地去记。，并有意识地去记。2.得得词词汇汇者者得得阅阅读读。读读懂懂文文章章的的前前提提是是词词汇汇过过关关，词词汇汇又又可可在在阅阅读读中中得得到到巩巩固固。因因此此，为为阅阅读读过过关关要要猛攻词汇猛攻词汇，为词汇过关要，为词汇过关要疯狂阅读疯狂阅读。3.掌握解题技巧掌握解题技巧，轻松应对高考。，轻松应对高考。谢 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句子成分分析与阅读理解技巧0 10 20 30 4句子基本成分句子基本成分五大基本句型五大基本句型长难句分析长难句分析阅读理解细节题阅读理解细节题解题方法解题方法目 录01句子基本成分句子基本成分I saw the black cat Tom in the park yesterday.主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语 宾语补足语 SVOPAOC(subject)主语主语:句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物；(verb)谓语谓语动词动词:说明主语的动作说明主语的动作、状态和特征状态和特征；(object)宾语宾语:动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者；DO(direct object)(sth.)IO(indirect object)(sb.)(object complement)宾宾语语补补足足语语：说说明明宾宾语语的的身身份份和和状状态态以以补补充其意义不足充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整使句子的意义完整。(adverbial)状状语语：说说明明地地点点、时时间间、原原因因、目目的的、结结果果、条件条件、方向方向、程度程度、方式和伴随状况等方式和伴随状况等；(predicative)表语表语：连系动词后面的成分连系动词后面的成分；句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。(Subject)V(Verb)(Object)(Predicative)(Adverbial)(Direct Object)(Object Complement)(Indirect Object)（同位语）Appositive（定语）Attribute主语状语宾语补足语间接宾语表语宾语谓语直接宾语句子成分句子成分如何组成句子？如何组成句子？主要成分主要成分:主语和谓语主语和谓语次要成分次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语02五大基本句型五大基本句型 Tom Jerry There is a story about Tom and Jerry.1.SVO（主（主+及物动词及物动词+宾）宾）subjectverbobjectTom beats JerryuTom makes jokes on Jerry.uJerry hates Tom.Five basic sentence patterns in English Five basic sentence patterns in English2.SV(主主+不及物动词不及物动词)subjectverbThe mouse cried.uThe cat laughs.uThe mouse runs away.Five basic sentence patterns in English3.SVOC(主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补)subjectverbobjectThe cat made the mouse crazy.OCuTom makes Jerry sad.uTom sees Jerry crying.Five basic sentence patterns in English4.S V IO DC(主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾)subjectverbIOThe cat gave the mouse some flowers.DO人是间接宾语人是间接宾语人是间接宾语人是间接宾语物是直接宾语物是直接宾语物是直接宾语物是直接宾语uJerry shows Tom a letter.uTom gives Jerry a hug.Five basic sentence patterns in English5.SVP(主主+系系+表表)subjectverbThe mouse was happy.predictiveuTom looks puzzled.uJerry and Tom are good friends.常见的系动词主要有：常见的系动词主要有：(1)“状态状态”类：类：be(am，is，are，was，were)(2)“感官感官”类：类：look，sound，smell，taste，feel(3)“持续持续”类：类：keep，stay，remain，lie(4)“表象表象”类：类：seem,look,appear等等(5)“渐变渐变”类：类：grow，turn，get，go，become(6)“证明证明”类：类：prove系动词起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词一样有时态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。【当堂检测】判断句子结构类型。1)They smiled.2)The cat caught fire.3)The leaves turns yellow.4)Tom bought Jerry a gift.5)Jerry found Tom very funny.6)Tom and Jerry swim in the lake.7)There are many flowers around the lake.S+V+O+OCS+V+AS+VS+V+OS+PS+V+IO+DOThere be+S+ASummary2.主主+谓（及物动词）谓（及物动词）+宾宾1.主主+谓（不及物动词）谓（不及物动词）4.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补3.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾5.主主+系系+表表动词的类型决定了句子的类型！动词的类型决定了句子的类型！*There be+主语主语03长难句分析长难句分析长难句1何谓长难句3实战演练2长难句分析方法1 1何谓长难何谓长难句句长难2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法“If you ask people to name the one person who had thegreatesteffect onthe English language,you will getanswers like“Shakespeare,”“Samuel Johnson,”and“Webster,”butnoneofthese menhad any effect atallcompared to a man who didnt even speak EnglishWilliamtheConqueror.”2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法语法分析核心思想：提取主干（主语+谓语）语法分析基本步骤1首先把长难句分解成若干个简单句;2找出连词和关系词;3分析2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法1）首先把长难句分解成若干个简单句;“If you ask people to name the one person who had thegreatest effect on the English language,you will getanswers like”Shakespeare,”“SamuelJohnson,”and“Webster,”butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidntevenspeakEnglishWilliamtheConqueror.”基本步骤2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法2）找出连词和关系词“If you ask people to name the one person who had thegreatest effect on the English language,you will getanswers like”Shakespeare,”“SamuelJohnson,”and“Webster,”butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidntevenspeakEnglishWilliamtheConqueror.”基本步骤2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法3）分析“If you ask people to name the one person who had thegreatest effect on the English language,you will getanswers like”Shakespeare,”“SamuelJohnson,”and“Webster,”butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidntevenspeakEnglishWilliamtheConqueror.”基本步骤2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法请写出长难句分析的三个步骤。步骤一：步骤二：步骤三：2 2长难句分长难句分析析方方法法请写出长难句分析的三个步骤。步骤一：首先把长难句分解成若干个简单句 步骤二：找出连词和关系词;步骤三：分析。Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass,lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.1.请划出这两句话的主干部分。2.翻译两句话3 3实战演实战演练练课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些测试直接来自于指定的阅读材料或上节课/讨论的笔记，所以在课堂上认真做笔记是很重要的。04阅读理解细节题阅读理解细节题解题技巧解题技巧S Spot pot thethe differences differences 大家大家来来找找茬茬Question types of Reading ComprehensionWhichoneisthemostimportant?细节理解题：We try to find answers directly or indirectly in the text according to the details.近三年细节理解题考情分析年份年份卷别卷别题号题号2023新高考I卷21、23、24、26、28、332023新高考II卷 21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、352022新高考I卷22、25、26、27、32、332022新高考II卷 21、22、23、25、26、27、29、342021新高考I卷21、22、23、24、26、27、28、322021新高考卷 21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34近三年细节理解题考情分析考点要求考题统计考情分析直接信息题直接信息题3年8考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析，细节理解题主要集中考查：直接信息题、间接信息题；数字计算题。【命题预测】2024年高考还会集中考查细节理解的这三种形式，而且细节理解题仍然占阅读理解的较高比重。间接信息题间接信息题3年37考数字计算题数字计算题3年3考技法一直接信息技法一直接信息题定位比定位比对找答案找答案 直接信息直接信息题常以常以应用文的形式出用文的形式出现在考在考题中，涉及的中，涉及的话题有：广告有：广告类、活活动安排安排类、书籍或籍或电影介影介绍类、演出信息、演出信息类等。等。设问方式多方式多为以以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和和how)等开等开头的特殊疑的特殊疑问句。句。解题策略细节理解题1.Whoisstillcontributingtotheworld?A.MarieCurie.B.JaneGoodall.C.RitaLevi-Montalcini.D.LiseMeitner.MarieCurie(1867-1934)Famousfor:WorkonradioactivityJaneGoodal(1934)Famousfor:Primate(灵长类)studiesRitaLevi-montalcini(1909-2012)Famousfor:NervegrowthstudiesLiseMeitner(1878-1968)Famousfor:Workonradioactivityandnuclearphysics1.直接信息题解题策略-直接定位法2.WhatdidRitaLevi-Montalciniresearchon?A.Nervegrowth.B.Thewildlife.C.Nuclearexplosion.D.Radioactivity.March 6th Thames Islands by Miranda Vickers.The Thames had many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest.Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?A.Miranda Vickers.B.Malcolm Tucker.C.Chris Lewis.D.Liz Payne.Direct information1.（2023新高考卷阅读理解A篇节选）GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.Direct information【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。2.【2023年全国乙卷A篇】（节选）PRACTITIONERSRebeccaLeeCrumpler(18311895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.Direct information23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?AJacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.【答案】D【解析】运用“跳读法”，就可以迅速在文章最后一个人物介绍的第二句原词出现thefirstAfricanAmericanwoman，可知，RebeccaLeeCrumpler是第一个拥有医学学位的非裔美国人。How to deal with it?Step1：Find the _ of the question.Step2：_ the relevant information in the text through skimming and scanning.Step3:Compare the information and determine the answer.Conclusionkey wordsLocateCalculation 数数字字计计算算细细节节理理解解题题一一般般会会涉涉及及时时间间、年年龄龄、价价钱钱、数数量量、距距离离等等的的简简单单计计算算。一一般般来来说说，从从数数学学的的角角度度讲讲，计计算算都都比比较较小小，计计算算容容易易。但但是是英英语语阅阅读读中中的的数数字字计计算算必必须须要要找找出出计计算算背背后后所所隐隐含含的的信信息息。这这些些暗暗信信息息会会涉涉及及对对某某个个难难句句的的理理解解，从从这这个个角角度度讲讲，理理解解文文中中相相应应的的复复杂句杂句是这类题的关键。是这类题的关键。Common questions:1.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive?2.How much should he pay to visit?3.How many languages are spoken by?CalculationADMISSIONAdult：4.90Child：2.20Family：12.00（2 adults+up to 3 children）How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children？A.9.80 B.12.00 C.14.20 D.16.40稿定PPT0202Prices（2023新高考卷阅读理解A篇）Calculation2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.15.75.B.19.50.C.22.75.D.29.50.【答案】C稿定PPT02022.（20231月浙江卷阅读理解A篇节选）ExplorersCampFulldaycampforkidsaged5-13.Monday-Friday,July8-26,9am-4pm.Week1|July8-12Week2|July15-19Week3|July22-26Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.Fees:$365perweek.Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.CampStructureThedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.Campershaveathree-hourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9amto12noon)andaone-hourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthree-hourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1pmto4pm).Snackperiodsareheldthroughouttheday.Allcampersshouldbringtheirownbaggedlunchandsnacks.1.Howmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleweek?A15.B21.C30.D42.Calculation Special words:decade a.a.折扣折扣 fortnight b.b.二十二十 double c.c.十年十年 couple d.d.减价减价 score e.e.十二十二 dozen f.f.两个两个 off g.g.两周两周 discount h.h.两倍两倍 CalculationIndirect informationCommon questions:1.Accordingtotheauthor/passage,2.Whatcanwelearnabout?3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?4.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?Tips:Step1:阅读题干，阅读题干，确定关键词确定关键词，锁定原文相关，锁定原文相关信息；信息；Step2:定位题干关键词的定位题干关键词的转换形式转换形式；Step3:利用利用正确选项特征正确选项特征，确定答案。，确定答案。Whatformscanthekeywordsbetransformedinto?Confucius.assumed that all men were equal at birth,though some had more potential than others,and that it was knowledge that make men stand out.Socrates focused on individual,and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed.What made some people different from others according to Confucius?A.Family B.Potential C.Knowledge D.Community近近义词义词SynonymIndirect information稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持续更新，上千款模板选择总有一款适合你02021.（2023新高考卷阅读理解C篇节选）CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideitsrightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeoplesdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Indirect information稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持续更新，上千款模板选择总有一款适合你0202()28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideitsrightforyou.(这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。Indirect information稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持续更新，上千款模板选择总有一款适合你02022.（2023全国甲卷阅读理解B篇节选）Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)comestoanend.Sheadds:“IvemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,itsbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenIvemovedout.”26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore.B.Byfurnishingitherself.C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate.D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.【答案】A【解析】根据本段最后一句“So,itsbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenIvemovedout.”可知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。Indirect informationIndirect informationCommon questions:1.Accordingtotheauthor/passage,2.Whatcanwelearnabout?3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三误一正）4.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?（三正一误）Tips:1.1.阅读题干，阅读题干，确定关键词确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息；，锁定原文相关信息；2.2.定位题干关键词的定位题干关键词的转换形式转换形式；3.3.利用利用正确选项特征正确选项特征，确定答案。，确定答案。Whatarethefeaturesofthecorrectanswers?Whatformscanthekeywordsbetransformedinto?1.Synonym近义词2.Antonym反义词3.Paraphrase解释Indirect informationCommon questions:1.Accordingtotheauthor/passage,2.Whatcanwelearnabout?3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?4.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?Tips:1.1.阅读题干，阅读题干，确定关键词确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息；，锁定原文相关信息；2.2.定位题干关键词的定位题干关键词的转换形式转换形式；3.3.利用利用正确选项特征正确选项特征，确定答案。，确定答案。Whatarethefeaturesofthecorrectanswers?1.Synonym近义词近义词2.Simplification简化原文信息简化原文信息3.The change of the grammatical voice/parts of speech词性词性/语态变化语态变化1.1.无中生有无中生有3.3.答非所问答非所问4.4.偷换概念，偷换概念，张冠李戴张冠李戴2.2.半对半错半对半错Typical mistakes推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考察学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。推理判断类解题要领：1.要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。2.以原文内容为前提，根据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观的对文中未说明的现象或事例给与合理的逻辑判断，做出一定解释。二：推理判断题推理判断题分类：1.推断 隐含意义 2.推断 作者观点或态度3.推断 写作目的 4.推断 文章出处或读者对象Idontthinkitsrighttocriticizeoneschoiceinfoodoreatinghabits,nomatterhowstrangetheymayseem.ItsnotonlyinChina.WhenIwentabroad,Ifoundpeoplehadallsortsofstrangehabitswhenitcametofood.InDenmark,theyputsaltedredfishonbreadandeatitfordinner,nomatterhowmuchitruinsyourbreath.Theythinkitsadelicacy(美味佳肴)，anditsconnectedtotheircertainculture.Ithinkitsawonderfultradition.Whatsthe writers attitude toDenmarkswayofeatingbread?A.Indifferent.B.Critical.C.Understandable.D.Doubtful.技巧点拨:注意读者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断作者的弦外之音。Inhis2013book,MyBriefHistory,Hawkingwroteabouthisfirstlearningoftheillness,“Ifeltitwasveryunfair-whyshouldthishappentome?”Headded,“Atthetime,IthoughtmylifewasoverandthatIwouldneverrealizethepotentialIfeltIhad.“Butnow,50yearslater,Icanbequitesatisfiedwithmylife,”hewrote.WhatisHawkingsattitudetowardslifewhenhewasjustdiagnosedwithALS?A.Optimistic.B.Hopeless.C.Disappointed.D.Confident.推断作者推断作者观观点和点和态态度度说明作者的态度的常用词语有：positive积极的active活跃的favorable支持的optimistic乐观的approval赞同的humorous幽默的negative消极的passive消极的inactive不活跃的unfavorable不支持的pessimistic悲观的disapproval不赞同的worried担忧的concerned担忧的critical批判的indifferent漠不关心的ambiguous模棱两可的doubtful怀疑的unclear不明的hopeless绝望的问题形式（1）考查整篇文章的写作目的A.Thewriterspurpose/intention/aimofwritingthispassageisto_.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?（2）考查某处细节的写作意图A.Thewriterusestheexampleof.toshowthat_.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_.C.arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_.推断写作目的推断写作目的技巧点拨：一般在第一段或最后一段找答案，注意but,however等关键词文章出文章出处处ManyofusloveJulybecauseitsthemonthwhennaturesberries（浆果）andstonefruits（核果）areinabundance（丰富）.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbiasfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.（首段）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.left备考指南1.以以读读攻攻读读。阅阅读读在在高高考考中中占占的的比比重重非非常常大大，常常有有人人说说“得得阅阅读读者者得得高高考考”。要要阅阅读读得得高高分分，必必须须通通过过大大量量的的阅阅读读才才可可实实现现。因因此此，在在复复习习的的过过程程中中要要坚坚持持每每天天阅阅读读，至至少少一一篇篇，基基础础好好的的可可多多篇篇。而而且且要要读读懂懂，要要消消化化，要要抄抄录录你你遇遇到到的的“生生词词”，并有意识地去记。，并有意识地去记。2.得得词词汇汇者者得得阅阅读读。读读懂懂文文章章的的前前提提是是词词汇汇过过关关，词词汇汇又又可可在在阅阅读读中中得得到到巩巩固固。因因此此，为为阅阅读读过过关关要要猛攻词汇猛攻词汇，为词汇过关要，为词汇过关要疯狂阅读疯狂阅读。3.掌握解题技巧掌握解题技巧，轻松应对高考。，轻松应对高考。谢 谢 欣 赏
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