2021年初三英语上册期中复习考点04：语法复习与专练.doc

1、2020-2021 学年人教新目标版初三英语上册期中复习考点学年人教新目标版初三英语上册期中复习考点 04. 语法复习与专练语法复习与专练 一一How question How 引导特殊疑问句，有两种含义 （1）表示问候 How do you do? How are you? Hows everything going? （2）表示怎样 How is your new house?你的新房子怎么样？ Its great.它太棒了。 How do you learn English?你是怎样学英文的？ I learn English by reading lots of English maga

2、zines.我通过读大量英文杂志学习英文。 【拓展】How 和 What 引导疑问句的区别 How 通常对程度或方式进行提问，意为怎么样，答语通常作状语或表语；What 常对动作的发出者或接 受者进行提问，意为什么，答语通常作主语或宾语。 How is your summer holiday? It is perfect.（表程度，表语） How did you travel around the world? I travelled by bike.（表方式，状语） What do you learn at school? 二二动名词动名词 动名词其实就是动词 ing 形式，具有名词的性质，

3、可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语等。同时，它又具有动词 的特点，可以接宾语构成动名词短语。 living in the city(动名词 living 后带宾语 city) 住在城市 reading aloud(动名词 reading 被副词 aloud 修饰) 大声读 动名词的具体用法： 作主语：动名词作主语时一般可用动词不定式替换。 Eating too much is bad for your health.= To eat too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康没有好 处。 Swimming in the river is dangerous.=

4、 To swim in the river is dangerous.在江河游泳是危险的。 【警示】动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词要使用单数第三人称形式。 作表语：动名词作表语一般句子的主语常常是无生命的名词，而且表语和主语是对等 关系，说明主语的内容。 His task is finishing the work. 他的任务是完成工作。 Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。 作宾语：常用于 allow, try, like, finish, enjoy, forget, stop, love, mind, practice, cant sta

5、nd, cant help 等动词或 动词短语之后。 We will finish reading the book in a week.我们将在一周内读完这本书。 I enjoy living in China.我喜欢居住在中国。 【警示】有些动词如 forget，remember, stop，try, like，love 等后面接动名词和动词不定式作宾语都可以， 但意义不同。 作定语：表示所修饰词的用途、性质、特征等，位于所修饰词的前面。 They went to the swimming pool yesterday.他们昨天去了游泳池。 He joined the skating cl

6、ub last year. 他去年加入了溜冰俱乐部。 介词后的动词要使用动名词。 She passed me without saying a word. 她从我身边过去，没有说一句话。 I. 用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。 1. My sister has a lot of trouble _ (learn) math. 2. What about _ (study) grammar? Its too boring. 3. We should try our best _ (finish) that work. 4. The boy enjoys _ (listen to) the rad

7、io in the morning. 5. The little boy is busy _ (do) his homework now. 二单项选择。 1. _ good news it is! The pandas are alive after the earthquake. Its so _. A. What a; excited B. What; exciting C. How a; excited D. How; exciting 2. Whats the matter? I am having the trouble _ who has taken my book. A. fin

8、ding B. looking for C. finding out D. looking up 3. What _ news it was! remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do sth.记得去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 try doing sth.试着尝试做某事 try to do sth.努力/尽力去做某事 Yes, all of the children were _. A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. exciting

9、; exciting D. excited; excited 4. Would you mind _ more slowly? I cant follow you. A. speak B. spoke C. spoken D. speaking 5. Its nice _ you _me with my maths. A. for; to help B. for; helping C. of; to help D. of; helping 6. Have you read these books? Yes, I _ it three years ago. A. have done B. hav

10、e read C. reads D. did 7. How about _ to the cinema on Sunday？ A. go B.to go C. going D. will go 8. I have no idea _ with the problem. I dont know either. Youd better ask our teacher for help. A. how doing B. how to deal C. what doing D. what to deal 9. We kept _ the ball to each other and they bega

11、n to get angry. A.to pass B. passing C. pass D. past 10. Where is Mr. Yu, do you know? Well, its hard to say. But I saw him _ a football game just now. A. was watching B. watching C. had watched D. watched 11.How do you study for an English test? _ A. By work with friends. B. By listen to tapes. C.

12、By asking the teacher with help. D. By making vocabulary lists. 12. If you _ him tomorrow, ask him if he _ to our party next week. A.see; comes B.will see; comes C.will see; will come D.see; will come 13. We are going hiking tomorrow. What will the weather be like, Benson? Why not _ the radio and li

13、sten to the report? A. turn on B. turn off C. take away D. find out 14. I found _very easy to learn English well if you put your heart into it. A. that B. its C. it D. this 三感叹句 一、定义：感叹句是表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情的句子。 二、种类：感叹句通常有 what 或 how 引导，常用结构： 1. what 引导的感叹句： （1）What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数（+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他）！

14、What a beautiful birthday present! 多美的生日礼物呀！ （2）What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数形式 （+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他）！ What interesting stories（they are）!（它们是）多么有趣的故事呀！ （3）What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 （+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他）！ What fine weather! 多好的天气呀！ 【归纳】 what 的基本句型 例句 What a/an形容词单数名 词(主语谓语)！ (以元音音素 开头的形容词前面要用 an) What an interesting story (it

15、 is)! 多么有趣的故事啊！ What形容词复数名词(主 语谓语)！ What beautiful flowers (they are)! 多么漂亮的花呀！ What形容词不可数名词( 主语谓语)！ What delicious food (it is)! 多么好吃的食物啊！ 2. how 引导的感叹句： （1）How + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他）！ How tall the tree is! 多么高的树呀！ （2）How + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！ How beautiful a flower! 多美的一朵花呀！ 【拓展】what 引导

16、的感叹句通常可与 how 引导的感叹句进行转换。 What a lovely girl she is! = How lovely a girl she is! 她是多么可爱的一个女孩啊！ 【归纳】 how 的基本句型 例句 How形容词(主语谓语)! How kind (the girl is)! (这个女孩)多么善良啊！ How副词(主语谓语)! How well (she dances)! (她舞跳得)多好啊！ How主语谓语! (此句型中 how 修饰动词，但动 词不提前。) How time flies! 时间过得真快呀！ 【魔法记忆】感叹句的引导词 what 和 how： 1. 根据

17、所接词汇有无名词来判断。若所接词汇为名词或名词短语，该引导词用 what；若所接词汇只有形容 词或副词，无名词，则该引导词用 how。 2. 句中有名词，根据主语和主语前的词汇判断。若主语前的词汇为名词或名词短语，该引导词应用 what； 若主语前的词汇为形容词，则该引导词应用 how。 四used to 的用法 构成 used to + 动词原形 He used to play basketball after school. 他过去常常放学后打篮球。 用法 表示过去的习惯动作或状态， 暗含现在已不再发生 或不存在。其中 to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形 He used to be a ve

18、ry poor man.他过去是 一个很穷的人。（暗指现在已经不穷了） 句型变化 否定句 Used not to, usednt to 或 didnt use to She didnt use to have long hair.=（She usednt to have long hair.） 她过去不留 长发。 一般疑问句 Did sb. use to.?/Used sb. to.? Did you use to play the piano?=Used you to play the piano? 你过去常常弹钢 琴吗？ 反意疑问句 附加疑问部分可用 didnt 或 usednt He d

19、idnt use to drink, did he? 他过去 不经常喝酒，对吗？ He used to drink, usednt he? 他过去常 常喝酒，对吗？ 相似短语 be/get/become used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 My grandfather is used to going for a walk after dinner. 我爷爷习惯于饭后 去散步。 be used to do sth. 被用于做某事 Wood can be used to make paper. 木头 能用来造纸。 【魔法记忆】口诀法记忆 used to：过去常常 used to，

20、既无人称也无数；后接动词用原形，否定形式两情形； didnt use to 是其一，used 后加 not 也可行；疑问句结构更简单，借来 Did 句首添。 【典例】She used to _ a bus to school, but now she is used to _ to school. A. taking; walk B. take; walk C. taking; walking D. take; walking 随堂练习 单项选择。 1. My grandfather _ us stories when I was young. A. was used to tell B. i

21、s used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling 2.Do the Smiths live next door to you? No, but they _. A. used to B. used to do C. are used to D. used to be 3. _ you _ go to school by bike? Yes.But now I usually go to school by bus. A. Did；use to B. Were；used to C. Do；use to D. Will；use to 4. I

22、 used to _ in the morning, but now Im used to _ before going to bed. A. read；read B. reading；read C. read；reading D. reading；reading 5. She_live with her grandparents, but she doesnt now. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to 6. Rooney used to_late for school. Yes, but now she is used to_up early.

23、 A. be；get B. being；getting C. being；get D. be；getting 7. Jack _ dislike the weather in Beijing in spring, because there is so much wind and sand. But now he _ it. A. is used to; used to B. used to; is used to C. was used to; is used to D. used to; used to 五宾语从句 置于动词、介词等后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句

24、语序。 时 态 主句为一般现在时态时,从句的时态可以根 据实际情况而定 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 He says that he will leave for New York tomorrow. 他说明天他将动身去纽约。 主句为一般过去时态时,从句应用相应的过 去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将 来时、过去完成时) He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。 He asked me if I had taken hi

25、s soap. 他问我是否拿了他的肥皂。 当从句内容为客观事实或真理时,从句要用 一般现在时 He told me that the earth goes around the sun.(真理) 他告诉我地球绕着太阳转。 语 序 宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。把两个 独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合 句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、 谓语的顺序 Whats Kates e-mail address?Do you know? Do you know what Kates e-mail address is? 你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗? 引 导 词 (1)当宾语从句是由陈述句转化而来

26、时,用 that 引导 “She is a good girl,”the teacher told us. The teacher told us(that)she was a good girl. 老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。 (2)当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化而来时, 宾语从句用 whether 或 if 连接,句尾的标点 符号取决于主句 “Are you from Japan?”he asked me. =He asked me if/whether I was from Japan. 他问我是不是来自日本。 “Do you like watching TV?”he asked me.

27、=He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV. 他问我是否喜欢看电视。 (3)当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来时, 连接词就用原来的特殊疑问词,但从句一定 要注意用陈述句语序 When did he leave for Japan? Could you tell me? =Could you tell me when he left for Japan? 你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗? 二、注意点 (1)否定转移 当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是 think,believe,suppose 等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主 句的谓语动词

28、用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。 I dont think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。 (2)宾语从句的简化 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是 hope,wish,decide,agree,choose 等时,从句可简化 为不定式结构。 I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是 know,remember,forget,learn 等时,从句可简

29、化为 “疑问词+不定式”结构。 She doesnt know what she should do next.=She doesnt know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。 当主句的谓语动词是 ask,tell,show,teach 等,且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时,从句可简化为“疑 问词+不定式”结构。 Will you please show me how I can work it out?=Will you please show me how to work it out?请你告诉我怎样把 它解出来好吗? 宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。 I

30、 dont believe what Tom said.=I dont believe Toms words.我不相信汤姆的话。 三、宾语从句解题技巧 1.牢记宾语从句考点的记忆口诀: 宾语从句需注意,几点事项应牢记。 一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。陈述句子用 that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑 问词。 二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态应变相应过; 从句若为真理时,永用一般现在时。 三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。 2.用好排除法 从时态、语序、引导词三个方面综合考虑,逐个排查选项。 练一练 1

31、.Could you tell me ? You will stay with an English family and take part in their daily life. A.when I should pay for the course B.what the best part of the course is C.how long the shortest course lasts D.where I can go sightseeing after class 2.Did you notice in her office? Yes. She was going over

32、our writing. A.what was Miss Lin doing B.what Miss Lin was doing C.what does Miss Lin do D.what Miss Lin does 3.Dear friends, do you still remember three years ago? To realize our dreams! A.why you came here B.why did you come here C.how you came here D.how did you come here 4.I wonder . Someone who

33、 can make me a better person. A.when you often meet your friends B.how you make your friends happy C.who you want to make friends with D.where you spend weekends with friends 5.Could you tell me tomorrow? It will be sunny. A.what will the weather be like B.what the weather will be like C.when will t

34、he weather be sunny D.when the weather will be sunny 6.Have you decided the Expo 2019 Beijing? This summer holiday. A.how are you going to B.how you are going to C.when are you going to D.when you are going to 7.Do you know ? Yes, well take a bus there. A.when we will go to the museum tomorrow B.whe

35、n will we go to the museum tomorrow C.how we will go to the museum tomorrow D.how will we go to the museum tomorrow 8.Alice, could you tell me London? Sure. Last Sunday. A.when Mr. Smith left B.when Mr. Smith will leave C.when did Mr. Smith leave D.when will Mr. Smith leave 9.Please tell me . At ten

36、 oclock. A.where you have your English lesson B.where do you have your English lesson C.what time you have your English lesson D.what time do you have your English lesson 10.Excuse me! Do you know ? Its two kilometers away from here. A.where is the supermarket B.when does the supermarket open C.wher

37、e the supermarket is D.when the supermarket opens 11.Tom, I went to the party yesterday evening. Oh, I want to know at the party. A.who do you meet B.who you meet C.who did you meet D.who you met 12.Could you please tell me ? A.where are you from B.how can I get there C.whats the matter with you D.w

38、here does he live 13.I really want to watch Operation Red Sea(红海行动). Could you tell me ? Sure. Itll be on show at Town Cinema. A.when will it be on show B.when it will be on show C.where will it be on show D.where it will be on show 14.Judy, could you tell me the schoolbag? Oh, yes. I bought it in a

39、 store on the Internet. A.where did you buy B.where will you buy C.where you bought D.where you will buy 15.Mr Jackson hasnt decided this weekend. A.where he will have a picnic B.where will he have a picnic C.where he had a picnic D.where did he have a picnic 16.Excuse me, could you please tell me t

40、he Science Museum? Sure. Go along the street and turn left. Its next to Bank of China. A.when I can get to B.when can I get to C.how I can get to D.how can I get to 17.What did Tom say to you just now,John? He asked . A.why I am so happy today B.what will I do for the weekend C.who did I play footba

41、ll with after school D.if I could go to the movies with him tonight 18Can you tell me ? He lives in Shanghai. A.where Mark lives B.where does Mark live C.where Mark lived D.where did Mark live 19.Do you know ? Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th. A.why did they move here B.why they moved her

42、e C.when did they move here D.when they moved here 20.Are you going camping this afternoon? A typhoon is coming. Im not sure the road to the mountains will be closed. A.which B.what C.whether D.why 六被动语态 一、被动语态的结构 被动语态的结构为 be 动词加动词的过去分词,即“be+done”。在不同的时态中,be 动词有不同的形式。 二、常用被动语态的情况 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This

43、 watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。 3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用) 4.动作的发出者是物。 Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房子被洪水冲走了。 二、不同时态的被动语态 1.时态和语态的结合是河北中考的必考点,尤其是

44、一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。 时态 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 was/were+done The kite was made by him. 一般将来时 will/shall+be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 2.其他时态的被动语态 时态 被动语态 例句 现在完成时 have/has+been done The work has been finished by Jim. 过去完成时 had+been don

45、e The work had been finished by Jim by last week. 现在进行时 am/is/are+being done The flowers are being watered by her. 过去进行时 was/were+being done A letter was being written by her. 过去将来时 would/be going to+be done He said a kite would be made by him. 3.含有情态动词的被动语态 结构为“情态动词+be+done”。 Your homework must be

46、finished today.你的作业今天必须完成。 三、被动语态的技巧指导 （1）根据选项定考点 单项填空对语态的考查均会结合时态，4 个选项中一般包含两个主动语态，两个被动语态；而其对时态的考 查一般不会涉及语态。因此，如果选项中出现被动语态，即可判断此题考查被动语态，由此便可排除非被 动语态的选项。 （2）根据时态选答案 首先，考生需要根据关键词（时间状语）来判断时态。 对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据上下文已经给出的时态、语境理解并结合常识进行判断。 如： Tell me one thing youre proud of in your junior high school, Tony. I _ as the captain of the school football team. A. choose B. chose C. am chosen D. was chosen 方法点拨 第 1 步：根据选项 A、B 为时态，C、D 为被动语态可知本题考查被动语态，因此可排除 A、B 两项。第 2 步：再根据语境可知，Tony 被选为校足球队队长是他初中生活中最值得骄傲的一件事情，说明 这是已经发生过的事情，应该用