语法高频考点主谓一致专项训练-2025届高三英语一轮复习.docx

1、年 级： 高三 课时数： 3 辅导科目： 英语 课 题主谓一致教学目的 系统梳理主谓一致用法，掌握并灵活运用重要考点。教学内容Step1：Greetings & Free talk （请老师选择学生感兴趣的话题进行口语练习）Step2: Assignments checking RevisionI、错题重现 (请老师根据学生具体情况添加) II、重点知识回顾 Step:Warming upAn interesting discovery In a study likely to make school janitors cringe, U.S. researchers said Wednesd

2、ay that chewing gum may boost academic performance in teenagers.Many U.S. schools ban chewing gum because children often dispose of the sticky chaw under chairs or tables.But a team led by Craig Johnston at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston found that students who chewed gum during math class ha

3、d higher scores on a standardized math test after 14 weeks and better grades at the end of the term than students in the class who did not chew gum. The study was funded by chewing gum maker Wrigley.For the first time weve been able to show in a real-life kind of situation that students did perform

4、better when they were allowed to chew, said Gil Leveille, executive director of the Wrigley Science Institute, a research arm of Wm Wrigley Jr Co, which is now a part of Mars Inc.Leveille said Wrigley has gotten feedback from many of its gum customers who say chewing gum helps them stay focused.So,

5、four years ago the company started the science institute to see if some of these claims have merit.The researchers at Baylor studied four math classes or 108 students aged 13 to 16 years old from a Houston, Texas, charter school that serves mostly low-income Hispanic students.About half got free Wri

6、gleys sugar-free gum to chew during class, homework and tests. They chewed at least one stick of gum 86 percent of the time they were in math class and 36 percent of the time they were doing homework.The other half went without.After 14 weeks, the gum chewers had a three percent increase in their ma

7、th scores on the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills achievement test, a small but statistically significant change, according to Johnston and colleagues, who presented their findings at the American Society for Nutrition scientific meeting in New Orleans.They found no difference in math scores

8、 between the two groups in another test called the Woodcock Johnson III Tests of Achievement. However, the gum-chewers did get better final grades in the class than their non-chewing peers.Another Wrigley-funded study found that college students in a lab who were given difficult computer tasks had l

9、ower levels of the stress hormone cortisol when they were chewing gum compared to when they were not.Leveille said he thinks chewing gum helps reduce stress so students can do their best work. And while he is aware that many schools have a dim view of students chewing gum in class, he hopes the find

10、ings may change that a bit.Its not a matter of chewing. Its a matter of gum disposal, Leveille said, adding that that can be overcome by teaching proper disposal behaviors. If that fails, he quipped, Well have to provide the janitors with scrapers.( 这个新发现对你有帮助吗？)Step4：Diagnostic test1. those who wor

11、k as minersmore or less lung problems, for they breathe in some poisonous stuff while working.A. A major of . haveB. The major of . hasC. A majority of . hasD. The majority of . have2.The number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent for different reasons.A. were . wasB. was . wasC. wa

12、s . wereD. were . were3.At the awarding-ceremony of OSCAR, OSCAR winners eacha little gold man, which is a great honor.A. are presentedB. is presented toC. are presented withD. is presented for4.Though TV sets with LCD(液晶) screen are now in high price, are believed in a mass production in a few year

13、s.A. this kind of TV setsB. these kinds of TV setsC. TV sets of this kindD. TV set of these kinds5.A group of volunteers to aid the helpless in their struggle for survival.A. have been organizedB. has been organizedC. have organizedD. has organized6.Itgood manners to say good-bye when you take leave

14、.A. isB. wasC. areD. being7.Since two thirds of his skin burnt, his recovery rate is very low.A. had beenB. areC. wasD. were8.The population of the penguins sharply due to human behaviors such as attacking the penguins nests, breaking their eggs and killing the parent birds.A. had declinedB. were de

15、clinedC. has declinedD. have declined9.Reading English journals and novels helpful to your study of English.A. isB. areC. mayD. will10. Watering the flowers and looking after the childrenall I have to do every day.A. isB. areC. wasD. had beenII.One of the things she wrote about life on a small farm

16、decades ago.A. wereB. wasC. has beenD. are12.Mr. Gilmore is one of those men whoto be friendly, however, it is very hard to deal with him.A. appearsB. appearC. is appearingD. appeared13.John is the only one of the staff members who to be transferred to the PR Department.A. is goingB. are goingC. hav

17、e been goingD. has been gone14.The first two problems are very difficult, but the rest easier.A. isB. areC. wasD. has been15.I have read part of the book and but the rest more difficult, as it deals with American history.A. isB. areC. wasD. is being16.E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part

18、 in daily communication.A is playingB. are playingC. have playedD. play17. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth . isB. Two fifth . areC. Two fifths . isD. Two fifths . are18.As a result of destroying the forests, a largeof desert covered the land.A. number . hasB. q

19、uantity . hasC. number . haveD. quantity . have19.More than a dozen students in that school abroad to study medicine last year.A sentB. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent20.Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. workB. workingC. is workin

20、gD. are working*Keys: 1. DCCCA 6. ACCAB 11. BBABA 16.ACBBCStep5：Grammar focus主谓一致一、名词作主语某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。My family is going out for a trip.The whole family are watching TV.同类单词有：audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public某些集体名词如p

21、eople、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词kind, sort, type, form, pair, cup, glass, piece, box, chain, series(单数、 复数形式同形)、 species(单数、 复数形式同形)、 ton、 meter等与of连用构成主语时， 由of之前表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词决定谓语动词的形式。例如： This k

22、ind of these apples is sweet. 这种苹果很甜。These kinds of apples are very sweet. 这些种类的苹果都很甜。 “a number of可数名词复数”(表示“大量的”)的结构作主语时， 谓语动词应采用复数形式； “the number of可数名词复数”(表示“的数量”)的结构作主语时， 谓语动词应采用单数形式。例如： A number of students in this class are from Sichuan. 这个班有不少同学来自四川。The number of the visitors has decreased t

23、his year. 游客的数量今年减少了。名词化的形容词作主语 the + 形容词（或分词） 结构担任主语时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如the unknown、the beautiful等。表“时间、 距离、 金额、 价值、 度量”等计量单位的名词作主语时，在该主语被视为“整体”的情况下谓语动词用单数形式， 在该主语被视为“若干单位”的情况下谓语动词用复数形式。 A million dollars is a large amount of mo

24、ney.Twenty years is not a long time. 二十年光阴， 弹指一挥间。Twenty years have passed since he left. 他离开已二十个年头了。用and连接，但有not one, many a , no, each, every 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数 Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。Every hour and every minute is important. 每时每刻都是重要的。 No man and no animal is to be foun

25、d on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。二、代词作主语 关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such is our plan. Such are his last words.all 单独作主语时，指人，谓语用复数，指物，谓语用单数。 Now all has been changed. All are present.不定代词any、either、neither、none 、some、more等作主语其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动

26、词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；one of +名词复数引导定语从句，从句谓语用复数， the only one of +名词复数定语从句，从句谓语用单数.三、分数、数量词作主语 主语部分是“分数或百分数of名词/代词”， 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。【经典例句】 Only three-fifths of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只干完了3/5的工作。Two-thirds of the earths surface is covered by water. 地球表面的2/3是水域。I

27、n the USA, 75 percent of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美国75%的谷物用来喂养动物。50 percent of the students are girls in our college. 我们学院50%的学生是女生。“a lot of、lots of、plenty of、a heap of、heaps of、half of 、the rest、most、20percent、part、some、all of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前

28、面的量词是修饰语。 Lots of damage was caused by flood.a great deal of、a large amount of、a large quantity of、a large sum of +不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of、quantities of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。A large quantity of people is needed here.Quantities of food (nuts) were still on the table.表示数量的one and a half后，名

29、词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.四、由连接词连接的名词作主语 用and或both and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。特例： 但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式， and后面的名词没有冠词。【经典例句】Truth and honesty is the best policy. A teacher and writer will give the lecture.To love and to be loved is the great hap

30、piness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.ham and eggs, bread and butter, the needle and thread, cause and effect, the wheel and axle, law and order, a cup and saucer 遵循就远原则的词语 as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、t

31、ogether with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to 就近原则的词语 or、either or、neither nor、not only but also Step6：典型例题讲解例1: The number of people invited_fifty, but a number of them_ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were【解析】答案为C. the number of中的number指“数量”，

32、在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。A number of(= some)修饰复数名词作主语，位于动词应用复数形式。 例2：Either you or the headmaster_ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting A.is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out【解析】答案为D. 连词eitheror连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致，所以只能在A和D间选择。“或者是你，或者是校长”，就不可能“正在颁奖”；be to do表示

33、“即将，将要”，所以答案为D。 例3: When and where to build the new factory_yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided【解析】答案为A。特殊疑问句+动词不定式在句中作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。所以在A和C中选。而“在何时，何地建造工厂”是“没有被人决定下来”，因此只能用被动语态，所以答案为A。例4:A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift. A.is of

34、fered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered【解析】答案为A. 该句主语是A library，谓语动词单数形式，所以只能在A和B中选。而“图书馆作为礼物”只能是“被赠送”，用被动语态，所以选A。 例5: The police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. are searching for C. were searching for D. were searching【解析】答案为C . pol

35、ice，people, cattle等集体名词作主语时，只当复数看待，谓语动词用复数。 例6: The football team_ having a bath now. Ais Bare Cwas Dwill【解析】答案为B. team, family, class9 club9 enemy, group等集体名词作主语时，强调 整体时谓语动词用单数形式。如果强调其中一个成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。 例7: The following some other examples. A iS B are C was D were【解析】答案为Bathe following作主语时，谓语动词可根据说

36、话人所要表达的意思决定单数或者复数。例8 : The Nazi kept those_ in their concentration camps. A. prisoner-of-wars B. prisoners of wars C. prisoner-of-war D. prisoners-of-war 分析：答案为D。复合名词复数的构成通常是将里面所包含的主体名词变成复数。如：passers-by。 Step6：Consolidation exercise. Section A：基础题1No bird and no beast_ in the lonely island. A. are s

37、een B. seen C. is seen D. sees2Many a student seen this painting.A. has B. have C. was D. were3.The Palmers chose to buy the house as its surroundings clean and quiet.A. wasB. beingC. had beenD. were4.How close parents are to their childrena strong influence on the character of the children.A. haveB

38、. havingC. hasD. to have5.A moderate decrease in house prices expected in the next few years.A. isB. areC. is beingD. had been6.More than 300 students of that school in the tutorial center for different purposes.A. have enrolled B. was enrolledC. has enrolledD. had enrolled7. The boy and the girl ea

39、ch ways to study languages.A. has their own B. have their ownC. has his ownD. has her own8. Attending on-campus concertspart of the pleasure of college life.A. is B. areC. willD. were9. A basket of oranges, bananas, pears on the counter and you are free to take what you like.A. placesB. are placedC.

40、 is placed D. were placed10. Three pintsnot enough to get him drunk.A. is B. areC. canD. should11. A substantial portion of papersmissing owing to the removal to a new office building.A. isB. areC. hasD. have12. Is there any old equipment on sale in this second-hand store? Yes, .A. there are many ol

41、d onesB. there are quite a fewC. there is quite a lotD. there is good deal13. Lots of adviceto them on how to fight against sandstorms.A. has givenB. are given C. was given D. already gave14. Cattle on the hillside on a shiny afternoon.A. grazesB. is grazing C. was grazingD. were grazing15. A number

42、 of whalesby scientists in order to prove that they annually return to Kailoura, a southern New Zealand town.A. was chasedB. had been chased C. has been chasedD. have been chased16. Many a nightspentaround campfires in his sleeping bag only to keep him warm when he slept.A. was . sleptB. were . slee

43、p C. was . sleepingD. were . sleeping17. On the wall of his bedroom two of his favorite oil-paintings.A. hangsB. hangC. was hangingD. hanging18. Seated under the tree a group of students playing guitar.A. was B. there was C. wereD. were there19. The supply of disposable towels and tooth-brushes in h

44、otels a negative part in protecting the environment.A. playB. are playingC. playsD. has been played20. Mixed with the benefits of X-rays in the medicine and archeological fields. a growing awareness of the damage X-rays can do.A. isB. is thereC. areD. there are*Keys: 1. CADCA 6. ABACA 11. BCCDD 16. CBCCASection B：提高题1. If law and order, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is not preservedB. are not preserved C. is preservedD. are preserved2. The gas works near the town newly-built, which