2024届山西省忻州市高三英语第一学期期末达标检测模拟试题含解析.doc

1、2024届山西省忻州市高三英语第一学期期末达标检测模拟试题请考生注意：1请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用05毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。2答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项，按规定答题。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1The countrys chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars_ the most important of these.Ahave been BareCbeing Dare being2I decid

2、ed to do a random act of kindness last year. And _ that the person I would end up helping most would be myself.AI little knewBlittle did I knewClittle did I knowDlittle I knew3These diagrams are especially helpful when we have a concrete problem _ at hand.Abe solved Bto solve Csolved Dbeing solved4W

3、hat a mess! Youre always throwing things about.Dont be _, Mum. I will tidy it up now.Ahot under the collar Bon cloud nineCoff the top of your head Ddown in the dumps5Some warned that the step the US government has taken to cope with the current crisis is _ much risk.Aone ofBthe one ofCthe oneDthat o

4、ne6We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless, a world _ each and every corner is a true paradise.AthatBwhichCof whichDfrom where7In April,2009,President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,_ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.AmarkingBmarkedChavi

5、ng markedDbeing marked8As to the “996 work schedule”, _ employees work from 9 am to 9 pm, 6 days a week, Peoples Daily commented that valuing hard work does not mean forcing employees to work overtime.AthatBwhichCwhereDwhen9I think that this is the best mobile phone available in the world. No other

6、one can _it.AcompareBmatchCproduceDwin10Why are you so late?The driver couldnt see clearly because of the fog_, the road was too icyAThereforeBOtherwiseCHoweverDBesides11It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that _ for the death of so many innocent people.Aare blamedBwas to blameCwa

7、s blamedDwere to blame12Cant you drive a little faster?No. If I _ another speeding ticket, my dad would take away my car.Awould getBwould have gotChad gotDgot13Thanks to the special chemical _ of the soil in the mountainous area, this economic plant grows well there.Acomposition BcompetenceCconstruc

8、tion Dconclusion14Have you heard _ news that over 10,000 people lost their lives in the earthquake in Japan?Not yetWhat _ big surprise!Athe; aBthe; /C/; /D/; a15What was it that caused the party to be put off?_ the invitations.ABecause Tom delayed sendingBTom delayed to sendCThat Tom delayed sending

9、DTom delayed sending16The college examination is _ easier this year than I have expected.AfairlyBquiteCratherDvery17If you _ to my advice carefully, you wouldnt have made such a terrible mistake.AlistenedBhave listenedCwould listenDhad listened18Be seated, please and Ill make you a cup of tea._. Let

10、s come to the point first.AYou neednt do so BPlease dont bother CYou are welcome DYou are indeed too polite.19As to the long-term effects of global warming some believe that the damage has been done, _.Aotherwise we take steps to make up nowBnow that we take steps to make upCwhether we take steps to

11、 make up now or notDunless we take steps to make up now208 students and 2 teachers at Santa Fe High School by a 17-year-student armed with a shotgun and a pistol. This is one of the many gun-related tragedies that have happened in the last 2 years.Akilled Bwere killedChave killed Dhave been killed第二

12、部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分） A full moon is appearingand it will have a big impact on animals, especially those in the ocean.Recent studies show that many types of animals have biological clocks finely tuned to the cycles of the moon, which drives interesting and sometimes s

13、trange patterns of behavior.Besides discovering hidden aspects of animal life, the research also has intention of better understanding the circadian clocks(生物钟)present in all animals, including humans.The first circadian clocks evolved in the oceans, so studying them in ocean animals can tell us a l

14、ot about how they evolved and how they work and interact with each other, explains Kim Last, a researcher at the Scottish Association for Marine Science.Oysters(牡蛎), which open their shells to eat and spawn, also have a lunar rhythm, a new study shows.In a recent experiment, French researchers caref

15、ully monitored how widely a dozen oysters opened their shells during a 3.5-month period. The team used a high-tech device that quantified the valve opening every two seconds, as described in a paper published in the journal Biology Letters.They found that two types of oysters in Arcachon Bay in sout

16、hwestern France were significantly more open during new moons and more closed when the moon was full. In addition, the oysters could tell the difference between the first quarter moon and the third quarter moon, and were significantly more open (by nearly 20 percent) at the latter.Its unknown why th

17、e oysters do this, though it could be due to more algae(海藻) or other food being available during the new moon and as the year progresses, says study leader Damien Tran, a researcher at the University of Bordeaux.The lunar cycle could influence food availability by its impact on the tides and thus th

18、e oceans currents. When the moon is full or new, it is directly in line with Earth and the sun, forcing a strong pull on the ocean and thus causing more pronounced tides, explains David Wilcockson, a ocean biologist at Aberystwyth University in Wales who wasnt part of the study.1、Where did the earli

19、est life forms probably evolve?AIn the tides.BIn the oysters.CIn the moon.DIn the ocean.2、Based on the observations, what is the likely order of when the oysters are most open and most closed?The new moon; The full moon;The first quarter; The third quarterA-B-C-D-3、What is it that leads to the huge

20、tides?AA strong pull.BA straight line.CThe lunar cycle.DThe oceans current.4、Why are oysters mentioned as an example?ATo explain why they open their shells.BTo further stress the moons impact on animals.CTo show the difficulty of science experiments.DTo introduce how the high-tech device is used in

21、experiments.22（8分）What Cocktail Parties Teach UsYoure at a party. Music is playing. Glasses are clinking. Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel (分贝) level. Yet among all those distractions, you can tune your attention to just one voice from many. This ability is what researchers call th

22、e “cocktail-party effect”.Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain in the auditory cortex (听觉皮层) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory cortex boosts some sounds and turns down others so tha

23、t when the signal reaches the higher brain, “its as if only one person was speaking alone,” says investigator Edward Chang.These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people arent very good at multitasking our brains are wired for “selective attention” and can focus on onl

24、y one thing at a time. That inbornabilityhas helped humanssurvivein a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation (刺激). But we keeptryingto push the limits with multitasking, sometimes withtragic(悲剧的) consequences. Drivers talking on cellphones, for example, are four times as likely to get in

25、totrafficaccidents as those who arent.Many of those accidents are due to “inattentional blindness”, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they arent focusing on. The more attention a task demands, the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision. Images land

26、on our retinas (视网膜) and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain, just as the auditory cortex filters sounds, as shown in the Nature study last week. “Its a push-pullrelationship the more we focus on one thing, the less we can focus on others,” says Di

27、ane M. Beck, anassociateprofessor ofpsychologyat the University of Illinois.Studies over the pastdecadeat the University of Utah show that drivers talking on hands-free cellphones are just as influenced as those on hands-held phones because it is the conversation, not the device, that is distracting

28、 their attention. Those talking on any kind of cellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists.Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individ

29、ual instruments within theorchestraas a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say.1、What have scientists in University of California found about “the cocktail-part

30、y effect”?AUsually there is only one person who is speaking alone.BAll kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level.CThe higher brain processes sounds and images selectively.DSounds are sorted out before reaching the higher brain.2、What do we learn from the passage?AWe are biologically incapa

31、ble of multitasking.BWe survive distractions in life by multitasking.CWe cannot multitask without extra attention.DWe benefit from pushing the limit with multitasking.3、Which of the following is an example of “inattentional blindness”?AA careless driver lost his eyesight after a car accident.BPolice

32、 scanned the crowds and located the criminal.CA manager talked on a hands-free phone with his client.DA pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing (低头).4、The main purpose of the passage is to _.Acompare and contrastBinform and explainCargue and discussDexamine and evaluate23（8分） Do you know h

33、ow it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains.Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do some

34、thing, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biologi

35、cal basis for the way we understand other people.Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the area which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A gr

36、oup of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).Any problems with mirror neurons may well

37、result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.Research into mirror neurons seems

38、to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of what Einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does-well, perhaps yo

39、ull understand why.1、Mirror neurons can explain .Awhy we cry when we are hurtBwhy we cough when we suffer from a coldCwhy we smile when we see someone else smileDwhy we yawn when we see someone else stay up late2、The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “ ”.Aset offBcut

40、offCbuilt upDbroken up3、We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons .Arelate to human behavior and interactionBcontrol human physical actions and feelingsCresult in bad behavior and social disordersDdetermine our knowledge and language abilities4、What is the passage mainly about?AWays to find

41、mirror neurons.BProblems of mirror neurons.CExistence of mirror neurons.DFunctions of mirror neurons.24（8分）A Competitive SportOver the years, cheerleading(啦啦队) has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders main goal is to entertain the crowd

42、 and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling

43、 (翻腾运动) ability. Its a very common thing for gymnasts, so its easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws. This is where the “fliers

44、” are thrown in the air, held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually th

45、e more difficult the action is, the better the score is. Thats why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the chee

46、rleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number on

47、e cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders dont use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect a