2023届陕西省咸阳市武功县高三下第一次测试英语试题含解析.doc

1、2023年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用05毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。4保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1David didnt attend his daughters graduation ceremony, but he does wish he th

2、ere.Ashould beBwould beChad beenDwere2For thousands of years,poetry the favorite type of literature for many in China.Ais Bhas been Cwas Dwill be3Ill have all of the readings by the end of this term if my plan goes well.AcompletingBto completeCcompletedDbeing completed4The bus would not have run int

3、o the river _ for the bad tempered lady.Aif it were notBhad it not beenCif it would not beDshould it not be5Im sorry. I shouldnt have been so rude to you.You _ something not very nice to me, but thats OK.Ahave said Bhad said Cwere saying Ddid say6Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, only tod

4、ay is a gift, and that is _ we call it present.AhowBwhenCwhyDwhere7He _ in a university for five years, but now he runs a company of his own.Ahas taughtBhad taughtCtaughtDhas been teaching8We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like.AattemptsBrequestsCdoubtsDpromises9Most spending

5、 that results in debt is like a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that _, only to drag you down for years to come.Atakes offBwears offCsets offDshows off10Do you really mean it when you say he will a good president?AjudgeBduitCturnDServe11This book is said to be a special one, as it _ many events not fo

6、und in other history books.AwritesBprintsCcoversDreads12 her emotion, she buried her face in her handsAControlledBTo controlCBeing controlledDHaving controlled13Wild swans _ in the area is a good indication of a better environment.AexhibitionBescapeCabsenceDappearance14Do you know what EU stands for

7、, Tommy?SureIt stands for the European Union,_ European political and economic organization that encourages trade and friendship between _ countries that are membersAan; theBa; theCthe; /Dan; /15The news shocked the public，_ to great concern about students safety at school.Ahaving ledBledCleadingDto

8、 lead16- I prefer a computer made in your company, but I may need some more information about the product.- _.AThank youBIts a pleasureCYou are welcomeDAt your service17Id rather have some wine, if you dont mind. _. Dont forget you will drive.AAnything but that BBy all meansCTake it easy DI wont say

9、 no to this18Della turned all of her pockets inside out only to find $ 1.87 buy Jim a present for Christmas.Awith what toBwith that she canCin which toDwith which to19You seem to be familiar with this city.I _ here for three years. Its so great to be back.Alived Bhad livedChave lived Dlive20What is

10、your main reason for choosing one restaurant another?Aover BofCfrom Dfor第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）Its hair-raising news for criminals on the run. Scientists behind a new study have worked out how to identify individuals only based on the proteins(蛋白质) in a single strand

11、of their hair.While the police already look at DNA from hair as part of investigations, the technique is far from ideal: DNA is easily degradable, meaning it can only be analyzed within a certain time period after the crime. But the new technique could even be used to solve historical or archaeologi

12、cal cases, making it far superior to DNA sequencing in many ways.DNA degradation depends on several environmental factors including temperature, humidity and PH. It is also affected by the activity of bacteria and other microorganisms. In contrast, actual hairs can survive for a long time-sometimes

13、centuries. After bones and teeth, hair is in fact one of the most resistant structures of the human body.In order to understand how the protein can be used to identify individuals, it is important to understand mat proteins are coded by DNAThis means that a certain level of the genetic variation tha

14、t we see in different peoples DNA passes into their proteins. In fact, genetic information in the DNA is translated into amino-acid chains that make up proteins.The method not only allows for human identification but it can also reveal how old the sample is and what region it comes from, so that we

15、can distinguish between current and ancient samples. But while the discovery is exciting, the technique is not quite polished enough to be used in the court room. The main task now will be to analyze hair samples from all over the world, which will make it a lot more reliable.The new discovery will

16、boost the significance of hair as evidence in courts, at a time when some forensic(司法鉴定的) disciplines have been criticized in the US. It will also be of great use in archaeology.1、Whats the main idea of the passage?ADNA evidence is far from ideal.BCriminals on the run get hair-raising news.CScientis

17、ts are planning a test of human hair.DHumans can be identified by proteins in hair.2、Which evidence is more reliable for the police to identify a criminal?ALost teeth. BThe footprint.CPersonal belongings. DDamaged DNA3、In what way is the new technique superior to DNA test?AServing as evidence in cou

18、rts.BPossessing genetic information.CInferring the height of a person.DDistinguishing the region of a person.4、What will scientists do in the following few years?ATest hair samples worldwide. BLegalize the hair evidence.CApply protein-test to archaeology. DMap the structure of DNA5、Who will welcome

19、the discovery?ACriminals. BEmployers.CHairdressers. DArchaeologists.22（8分）To improve Chinese on our campus, several programs will be organized. Here is some information.Language Partner ProgramThe aim of this program is to promote Chinese language study for American students, through this program, n

20、ative speakers of Chinese can help our Chinese language students, who can help students or scholars from China with their English in exchange. If interested, please contact Yuan Lu, yuan-lu-2uiowa.eduThe Chinese CornerThe Chinese Corner is a non-threatening, pleasant place for faculty and students w

21、ho want to practice their oral Chinese. Learners of all levels are welcome to join, since we have topics suitable for each level. At the Chinese Corner, you can make friends with Chinese students and exchange opinions on cultural issues. You will surely learn something new every time you come! We we

22、lcome whoever wants to speak Chinese.Contact person: Bo Sun, bo-sunuiowa.eduThe Chinese Host Family ProgramThe purpose of this program is to help our American students to gain first-hand experience of Chinese culture, lifestyle, customs, and conventions through establishing friendship relations with

23、 Chinese families. Students who join this program will be invited by their Chinese host family to join their family activities on a regular basis. Please sign up for this program.Cross-University Chinese Language Performance CompetitionThis competition gives students in and outside of Iowa a great o

24、pportunity to show their oral Chinese proficiency as well as their talent in performing. As many as four universities have participated in the competition, including The University of Iowa. Each university presents a set of programs, and then participants are awarded prizes at an awards ceremony.Mid

25、-Autumn Festival CelebrationThe Chinese Program hosts an annual celebration for the Mid-Autumn Festival. We invite all students and faculty members to join our party. You will meet Change, the goddess of the Moon, learn a beautiful Chinese legendary story and taste moon cakes as well as other Chines

26、e food. If you know some Chinese characters, you may win a prize! Come and join us!For more, please see the Flyer.1、If you have difficulty with English, what will you probably do?AAttend the Mid-autumn Festival celebration.BGo to the Chinese Corner.CParticipate in Language Partner Program.DContact a

27、 Chinese host family.2、If you would like to display your spoken Chinese, which will you sign up for?AChinese Language Performance Competition. BThe Chinese Corner.CThe Chinese Host Family Program. DLanguage Partner Program.3、The passage is intended for _.AAmerican senior high students BAmerican univ

28、ersity studentsCChinese senior high students DChinese university Students23（8分） One day in 1995, a large, heavy middle-aged man robbed two Pittsburgh banks in broad daylight. He didnt wear a mask and he smiled at surveillance cameras before walking out of each bank. Later that night, police arrested

29、 a surprised McArthur Wheeler. When they showed him the surveillance tapes, Wheeler stared in disbelief. “But I wore the juice，” he said. Apparently, Wheeler thought that rubbing lemon juice on his skin would make him invisible to videotape cameras. After all, lemon juice is used as invisible ink, s

30、o, as long as he didnt come near a heat source, he should have been completely invisible.The case caught the eye of the psychologist David Dunning at Cornell University, who enlisted his graduate student, Justin Kruger, to see what was going on. They reasoned that, while almost everyone holds favour

31、able views of their abilities in various social and intellectual fields, some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are. This “illusion of confidence” is now called the “Dunning-Kruger effect”，and describes the cognitive bias to inflate self-assessment.To i

32、nvestigate this phenomenon in the lab, Dunning and Kruger designed some clever experiments. In one study, they asked undergraduate students a series of questions about grammar, logic and jokes, and then asked each student to estimate his or her score overall, as well as their relative rankings compa

33、red to the other students. Interestingly, students who scored the lowest in these cognitive tasks always overestimated how well they didby a lot. Students who scored in the bottom estimated that they had performed better than two-thirds of the other students!Sure, its typical for people to overestim

34、ate their abilities. The problem is that when people are incompetent, not only do they reach wrong conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but also they are robbed of the ability to realize their mistakes. In a semester-long study of college students, good students could better predict their perfo

35、rmance on future exams if given feedback about their scores and rankings. However, the poorest performers showed no recognition, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were doing badly. Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their wa

36、ys are correct. As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man(1871): “Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge.”Interestingly, really smart people also fail to accurately self-assess their abilities. As much as D- and F-grade students overestimate their abilities, A-grade stud

37、ents underestimate theirs. The difference is that competent people can and do adjust their self-assessment if given appropriate feedback, while incompetent individuals cannot.1、Which of the following statements about the Dunning-Kruger effect is TRUE?AThe effect is true for everyone in daily life.BI

38、t suggests that most people lack cognitive abilities.CSome people are overconfident about their abilities.DThe conclusion is drawn based on a series of bank robberies.2、What do the college students behaviors mentioned in the experiments prove?AFeedback plays a significant role in estimating ones abi

39、lity.BIncompetent people have a rather fixed attitude towards their choice.CGood students always predict their future performance accurately.DPeople cant rely on their previous behavior to make adjustments.3、The underlined word “begets” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “_”.Agives rise toBtakes adva

40、ntage ofCmakes up forDbreaks away from4、What can we infer from the passage?AReal knowledge is knowing the extent of ones ignorance.BIt is impossible for people to evaluate their real competence.CIllusion of confidence is the major source of peoples failure.DThose with great abilities often have a lo

41、w opinion of themselves.24（8分） Have you ever pressed the pedestrian button at a crosswalk and wondered if it really worked? Theyre called “placebo(安慰剂）buttons”一buttons that mechanically sound and can be pushed，but provide no functionality.In New York City, only about 100 of the 1, 000 crosswalk butt

42、ons actually function. Crosswalk signals were generally installed before traffic jam had reached todays levels.But while their function was taken over by more advanced systemssuch as automated lights or traffic sensors the physical buttons were often kept, rather than being replaced at further expen

43、se. Other cities，such as Boston，Dallas and Seattle，have gone through a similar process, leaving them with their own placebo pedestrian buttons. In London, which has 6, 000 traffic signals, pressing the pedestrian button results in a reliable “Wait” light. But that doesnt necessarily mean that the “g

44、reen man” or “pedestrian stage” in traffic signal design profession will appear any sooner.“We do have some crossings where the green light comes on automatically, but we still ask people to press the button because that enables accessible features, said Glynn Barton, director of network management

45、at Transport for London.These features, such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals, help people with visual disorder cross the road and only function when the button is pressed. As for the lights, a growing number of them are now combined and become a part of an electronic system that detects

46、 traffic and adjusts time frequency accordingly (giving priority to buses if theyre running late, for example), which means that pressing the button has no effect.According to Langer, a Harvard psychologist, placebo buttons give us the illusion (错觉)of control and something to do in situations where

47、the alternative would be doing nothing. In the case of pedestrian crossings, they may even make us safer by forcing us to pay attention to our surroundings. “They serve a psychological purpose at the very least,” she added.1、Why are the physical buttons still kept in some cities?ABecause it may cost money to replace them.BBecause they remain as memories of a city.CBecause do have real functions in traffic.DBecause they ca