Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 定从之关系代词（ppt课件）-2024新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、句法句法 The Attributive Clause The Attributive Clause Attribute(定语定语)1.He is an honest boy.2.We love our country.3.She is a beautiful girl.4.She is a beautiful girl.修饰；限定修饰；限定honestour找出下列句中的定语。找出下列句中的定语。beautifulThe positions of the attribute（定语的位置）定语的位置）1.She is a beautiful girl.2.She is a girl with

2、long hair.3.She is a girl who is beautiful.一般来说，一般来说，单个词单个词作定语时要放于被修饰词的作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面前面，短语或从句短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面后面。起起修饰限定修饰限定的作用，译作的作用，译作“的的”(美丽的美丽的)(长头发的长头发的)(美丽的美丽的)在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做叫做定语从句。定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫“关系词关系词 ”。He

3、 is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系代词关系代词关关系系词词关系关系副词副词：wherewhenwhy定语从句定语从句关系代词：关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that关系词的三个作用关系词的三个作用:1.引导定语从句。引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个句子成分。在定语从句中担当一个句子成分。7先行先行词和关系词的关系词和关系词的关系?I like the story which/that is moving.I like the book which/

4、that you gave me.关系代词实际上是先行词的关系代词实际上是先行词的复指复指This is the boy whose sister is a singer.关系代词关系代词whose实际上是先行词的实际上是先行词的所有格所有格关系代词关系代词:1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.和我谈话的那个人，是我们的老师。和我谈话的那个人，是我们的老师。2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可作宾语可省略省略)The man(whom/who)I nodded t

5、o is Mr.Li.我对他点头的那个男人是李先生。我对他点头的那个男人是李先生。3.3.whose 在定从中在定从中作定语作定语，表，表所属关系所属关系，翻译为翻译为“他的他的/她的她的/它的它的”，whose指人也指物，指人也指物，指物时指物时 =of which 指人时指人时=of whomThis is the book This is the book cover cover is blueis blue.This is the book This is the book thethe cover cover is blueis blue.这是一本蓝色封面的书。这是一本蓝色封面的书。

6、whosewhoseof whichof which4.which 指物，指物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略)These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using is made in Japan.这些是去年种植的树这些是去年种植的树。这个他正在使用的录音机是日本产的。这个他正在使用的录音机是日本产的。5.that 指人指人/物，物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane

7、 is a machine that can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(that/who/whom)I told you about.关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject(主主语语)object(宾宾语语)attribute（表语（表语/定语）定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用做题技巧：1.确定定语从句2.看先行词是指人还是指物3.确定先行词

8、在定语从句中做的成分4.确定关系代词用适当的关系代词填空用适当的关系代词填空：1.This is the house _ was built last year2.The boy _ we saw yesterday was Johns brother.3.The car _ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.4.That is the man _ we were looking for.which/that(whom/that/who)(which/that)(whom/that)(主语主语)(宾语宾语)(宾语宾

9、语)(宾语宾语)1.Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.2.Yesterday I helped an old man _ had lost his way.3.Mr.Liu is the person _ you talked about on the bus.4.Li Ming is just the boy _ I want to see.5.The factory _ makes computers is far away from here.6.He lik

10、es to read books _ are written by Shakespeare.7.This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.whowhowhomwhomwhich/thatwhich/thatwhich/that8.The number of people _ come to visit this city each year reaches one million.9.Where is the man _ I saw this morning?10.The season _ comes after spring is summer.11.I v

11、isited a scientist _ name is known all over the country.12.Do you like the book _ cover is yellow?13.The classroom _ door is broken will soon be repaired.who/thatwhom/that/whowhich/thatwhosewhosewhose 如何选择关系代词如何选择关系代词?who,whom,whose,which,that 口诀口诀:前看前看先行词先行词,辩清人或物辩清人或物 后看后看从句里从句里,有无主宾语有无主宾语(1)that1

12、)that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与whichwhich互换，但在下列情况互换，但在下列情况引导词引导词只用只用thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich。当先行词为当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：等不定代词时，如：a.All that can be done has been done.b.I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.c.There is little(that)the enemy can do

13、 besides surrender.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时修饰时：Ive read all the books(that)you gave me.先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.This is the first composition(that)he has written in English.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last the only,the very,th

14、e last 修饰时。修饰时。That white flower is the only one (that)I really like.This is the very book(that)I want to find.当有两个或两个以上分别表示当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物人和物的先行词时，这个定的先行词时，这个定语从句要用语从句要用thatthat而不用而不用who(whom)who(whom)和和whichwhich引导。如：引导。如：He talked about the teachers and schools（that）he had visited.1.All _ we nee

15、d is to be supplied with food and clothing.A.what B.that C.which D.whom2.The man_talked to you just now is an engineer.A.who B.whose C.which D.whatExercises:3.Can you tell me the name of the factory_ you visited last week?A.what B.in where C./D.when4.The most important thing_ we should pay attention

16、 to is the first thing _ I have said.A.which;that B.that;which C.which;which D.that;that5.She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons_ none of us has ever heard of.A.which B.who C.whom D.that6.Who is the person_ is talking about the accident _ happened on Highway 104?A.which;whi

17、ch B.who;whatC.that;that D.what;what22when,where,why关系副词关系副词先行词先行词在从句中的成分在从句中的成分when时间时间时间时间状语状语where 地点地点地点地点状语状语why reason原因原因状语状语引导定语从句的关系副词引导定语从句的关系副词 1.when 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如词，如:time,day,hour,year等。等。2.where 表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如名词，如 place,factory,house,vi

18、llage等等 3.why 表示原因，其先行词一般是表示原因，其先行词一般是reason.关系副词关系副词When=(on,at,in,during)+whichwhere=(in,at,on)+whichWhy=for +which（三）关系副词与介词（三）关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代关系代词的替代关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代用关系副词用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，时，先行词指时间，when在定在定语从句中作时间状语，语从句中作时间状语，when可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：I still remember the day when(=on which)I

19、first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when(=in which)World War broke out.1.when用关系副词用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，时，先行词指地点，where在定在定语从句中作地点状语，语从句中作地点状语，where可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：This is the farm where(=on which)we worked when we were young.The school where(=in which)his mother teaches is i

20、n the west of the city.2.where用关系副词用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，时，先行词指原因，why在定语在定语从句中作原因状语，从句中作原因状语，why可换成可换成“for+which”。如：如：There are several reasons why(=for which)the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why(=for which)he was late for school.3.whythat/which or where/when/whythat/wh

21、ich or where/when/why在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语还是还是作主语作主语/宾语宾语 1.This is the museum _ my mother worked 10 years ago.(worked in the museum 地点状语地点状语)This is the museum _ was built in 1950.(the museum was build)（museum 主主语语）wherewherewhichwhich2.I remember the days _ I lived in my home town.(I lived in my home

22、 town during the days 作状语）作状语）I remember the days _ I spent with my grandpa.（I spent the days with.the days作宾作宾语语）whenwhenwhichwhich3.The house _ were going to visit was built a century ago.(visit the house)The house _ used to be a temple is a school now.(the house used to be a temple)The house _ he

23、 used to live was flooded.(he used to live in the house)(which /that)(which /that)which /that which /that where where 7.Look at that lady _ name is Rose.8.He is a teacher _ I like very much.9.Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.10.Those _will go to the park stay here.11.That was all the mone

24、y _I had.whose whom/who/thatwhich/that who12.Is there any one here _ name is Tom?13.They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.14.Who _ has common sense will do such a thing.15.I dont know the way _ he worked out.16.The person to_ you just talked is Mr.Li.who

25、sethatthatthat/in whichwhom Could you still remember the time when the train left?This is the factory where my father works.Do you know the reason why he was late for school?the train leftthe timethe factorymy father works.the reasonhe waslate for school?whenwherewhy（指时间，作状语）（指地点，作状语）（指原因，作状语）关系关系副词

26、副词总结关系词的用法：关系词在定语从句中做_时，用关系代词(which,who,whom,that,whose)引导定语从句。关系词在定语从句中做_时，用关系副词(when,where,why)引导定语从句。主语、宾语、或定语主语、宾语、或定语状语状语He had to face the condition where pressure was heavy.They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.当先行词是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage,degree，occasion等词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where。