2020新牛津译林版英语必修一Unit 2 语法（含单词表+知识讲解）.docx

1、Unit 2 语法语法 句子的分类句子的分类 句子按照其结构可以分为简单句、并列句和主从复合句三大类 一、简单句 含义：只有一个主谓结构的独立分句，叫简单句。 PS：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语) 在简单句中，主语和谓语可以由一个词或短语充当，也可以由两个或两个以 上的词或短语充当，组成并列的主语或并列的谓语。除了主语和谓语之外，简单 句中还可以有宾语、定语、状语、补语等。 Eg：He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often

2、 draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 二、并列句 含义：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子，叫并列句。 Eg: You help him and he helps you. The future is bright but the road is tortuous. 常见的连词： 1、表示并列关系：and, not only. but also., neither. nor.等 Eg: The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. He not only stole

3、 my money, but he also took my watch away. 2、表示转折或对比关系：but, still, yet, while, whereas(然而，反之), however 等 Eg: He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 3、表示因果关系：for, so, therefore 等 Eg: August is the time of the year for rice harves

4、t, so every day I work form dawn until dark. 4、表示选择关系：or, either. or., otherwise 等 Eg: Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 三、主从复合句 1. 含义：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子，叫主从复合句。 PS: 含有两个或两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓做另一个主谓结构 的成分（并列句中两个主谓结构间的是并列关系，而不是从属关系） 注： 简单句的一个成分从词或短语变为句子时，整个句子就成为主从复合句了 例如：(1) It is wrong. What he sai

5、d is wrong. (2) The boy over there is my brother. The boy who is wearing a hat is brother. (3) I was doing my homework at six. I was doing my homework when he came in. 2. 主从复合句的从句和主句之间要用连接词连接 一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么是 主从复合句。这是我们就要考虑连接词的问题。直接用逗号连接的两个简单句是 错误的。这时，我们有四种方法来改正这个错句。 (1) 改为并列句：用 a

6、nd，so，but 等并列连词连接。 (2) 改为主从复合句：加从属连词，把其中一个分句改为状语从句、定语从句或 名词性从句。 (3) 改为简单句：把其中的一个主谓结构的谓语破坏掉，从而使其变成独立主格 结构。 (4) 改标点：把逗号改为分号（根据句意有时也可用冒号、破折号等） 。 例如： I like English, my English is very good. I like English and my English is very good. （并列句） As I like English, my English is very good. （原因状从） I like Engli

7、sh; my English is good. （分号） I liking English, my English is very good. （独立主格） I have a house, its windows are very good. I have a house and its windows are very big. （并列句） I have a house, whose windows are very big. （定语从句） I have a house; its windows are big. （分号） I have a house, its windows very b

8、ig. （独立主格） 3. 主从复合句分类： 主句和从句都具有完成的主语和谓语，但从句只是主句的一个成分，不能独 立存在。根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为定语从句、状语从句和名词 性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）三大类。 定语从句 (1)含义：用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明 整个主句或主句中的一部分）二起定语作用的从句叫定语从句。 (2)类型：定语从句包含限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。 限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用，与先行词之间的关系非常密切 非限制性定语从句： 对先行词起补充说明作用， 如果省去也不会影响主句的意思，

9、 它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。 Eg: He has two sons who work in the same company. He failed in the match, which was a great pity. 状语从句 (1)含义：在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句，叫状 语从句。 (2)类型： 状语从句类型状语从句类型 功能功能 例句例句 时间状语从句 作时间状语 When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 地点状语从句 作地点状语 Make marks where you ha

10、ve questions. 原因状语从句 作原因状语 As she was young, she was not equal to the task. 目的状语从句 作目的状语 Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. 结果状语从句 作结果状语 Jack is so tall a man that he can almost reach the branch. 条件状语从句 作条件状语 If I feel any doubt, I inquire. 让步状语从句 作让步状语 I had a good time though I didnt

11、know anybody at the party. 方式状语从句 作方式状语 Please do it as I told you. 比较状语从句 作比较状语 She dances as gracefully as her sister. 名词性从句 名词性从句的功能相当于名词（词组） ，在主从复合句中充当主语、表语和同 位语。按其句法功能，名词性从句可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同 位语从句。 练习练习： 一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是主从复合句 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. _ 2. The b

12、oy who offered me his seat is called Tom. _ 3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there? _ 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. _ 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. _ 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a chil

13、d. _ 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. _ 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? _ 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. _ 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. _ 11. Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural

14、world and healing. _ 12. We have entered into an age when dreams have the best change of coming true. _ 13. Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. _ 14. While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. _ 15. Since I was a kid, Ive conside

15、red different jobs I would like to do. _ 16. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth day. _ 17. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove back. _ 18. Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a communit

16、ys access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. _ 19. It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. _ 20. I truly believe that beauty comes from within. _ 21.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.

17、 _ 22. I stopped the ball and kicked it hard back to the playground. _ 二、用适当的连接词填空 1. He closed the window, turned off the light _ left the room. 2. She is American _ she speaks Chinese very fluently. 3. It is foggy today, _ we cant see distant hills. 4. He likes sports, _ Id rather collect stamps.

18、5. _ he couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed their interest in his class. 6. She said _ the story was true. 7. She expressed the hope _ she would write a novel someday. 8. The girl _ English is very good won the first place in the 100-metre race, _ made all of us very happy. 9. P

19、lease tell us the time _ we shall have the Chinese exam. 10. _ Toms very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless. 一、1 简单句 2 主从复合句 3 简单句 4 简单句 5 并列句 6 主从复合句 7 并列句 8 主从复合句 9 主从复合句 10 主从复合句 11 简单句 12 主从复合句 13 简单句 14 并列句 15 主从复合句 16 主从复合句 17 并列句 18 简单句 19 主从复合句 20 主从复合句 21 主从复合句 22 简单句 二、1 and 2 but 3 so 4 while 5 What; why 6 that 7 that 8 whose; which 9 when 10 While