2025届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及真题练习 ppt课件.pptx

1、旨在考查考生对段落大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力1.段落大意题 What does the author tell us in paragraph.?Which of the following can best summarize para.?What is the.paragraph mainly about?2.文章大意题 Whats the main idea/point of the passage?Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?Which of the following stat

2、ements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?3.标题归纳题 Which of the following is the best title of the passage?What would be the best title for the passage?技巧点拨1.寻找主题句抓住段落主题的捷径之一是在段落中寻找主题句。所谓主题句，是指能表达或概括段落主题或主要内容的句子，段落中的其他句子则围绕着主题句进行说明、解释或扩展。抓住了主题句，就等于抓住了段落的中心。1)读首句抓大意。说明文、议论文等文章的主题句多放在文章开

3、头，抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的中心。2)读尾句抓大意。有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为全篇的总结。3)读首尾抓大意。有些文章开头和结尾部分都有主题句，这种结构是为了突出主题思想而“首尾照应”。4)从段中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题句居中，这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。5)归纳分析抓大意。有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，但字里行间无不体现主题。这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。2.捕捉关键词略读是概括和归纳文章或段落主旨大意的基本方法。略读要把注意力集中在关键词（即实词）上，非关键词（即虚词）则一带而过

4、。分析归纳筛选出最能表达文章主旨或作者意图的关键词（例如有的词在文中反复多次出现，这个词很可能就是最关键的词），继而确定文章主旨大意。3.仔细推敲选项主旨大意题的干扰项往往有三种情况：一、“以偏概全”，选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意；二、概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容；三、“无中生有”，即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。1.段落主旨大意题：借助段落中心句归纳；借助主题词或关键词归纳 2.文章主旨大意题：看首段和尾段，以首段为主；借助主题词或关键词归纳 3.文章最佳标题题：结合写作对象看首段和尾段，以首段为主；借助各个段落主题句归纳

5、借助主题词或关键词归纳题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。Alaskas ice water teems with fish.Fishing industry is the leading industry.The value of products prepared every year for market is about$1000,000,000.This form the important part of Alaskas wealth.The passag

6、e deals with _.A.geography of Alaska B.fishing industry of AlaskaC.fish market of Alaska D.Alaskas wealth本段主题句出现在段中。文章首先举出事例：Alaskas ice water teems with fish。紧接着就做出结论：Fishing industry is the leading industry。接着又举出更为详细的事实进一步支撑其结论。B题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己仔细阅读，总结提炼。Driving a car is

7、 not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol is consumed,it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant(抑制药抑制药),damaging eyesight,judgment and co-ordination(协调协调),s

8、lowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.Even below the drink driving link,driving will be affected.The paragraph is mainly about_.A.the introductions of driving skills B.the damage of drinking to your bodyC.the effect of drinking on driving D.the process of alcohol bei

9、ng absorbed本段前两句讲述开车不仅仅是控制方向，判断速度和距离，还需要司机预测路况及时做出反应。然后第三句提到喝酒之后，酒精损害视力、判断力和协调力，降低反应时间，进而增加事故概率。由此可知，本段主要讲述酒后驾车对司机的影响C阅读解题策略再+3：1.注意首段和各段第一句话，将其含义连接成一个整体。2.头脑风暴找最佳标题：如果给你这样一个标题，按照逻辑，你会写什么东西?（这该法能很好的排除干扰选项）3.一个好的标题通常具有三大特点：概括性、针对性和醒目性。分析选项：如果我选了C，那么A、B、D分别错在哪里略读选项圈画关键词选项与原文对照排除(画出错误原因)记住抓重点(最重要、具有概括性

10、的选项)A small bowl(碗)bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just$35 has been identified(识别)as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique(古董).The blue-and-white bowl was made by Chinas royal court during the Ming dynasty.It is now expected to sell for up to$500,000,according to Sothebys auction(拍卖)house.“I

11、was just hanging around there aimlessly.But when I saw this bowl,I didnt even bargain(讨价还价)over the$35 asking price,”the owner said.Shortly after the purchase,he sent photos of the bowl to auction specialists,who identified it as an item of historical significance.“I was deeply attracted by the tech

12、niques.You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body,silky glaze(上釉)and special blue coloring,which were never reproduced in later dynasties,”McAteer,an auction specialist,said.1.Whats the best title of the text?A.An Amazing Bowl B.A Special Yard Sale C.The Return

13、 of Porcelains D.A Man Making Fortune A掌握了找主题句的方法，就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但需要注意以下三种错误：1.以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题；2.过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证；3.把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识，主观臆断对文章进行判断，而忽视作者的见解。It might seem strange to be making predictions about 2021,but one thing is clear:technology has been affected just as m

14、uch as every other part of our lives.One of the major technology trends that are likely to play out this year is 5G and enhanced connectivity.4G led to the growth of streaming video and music platforms as bandwidths increased,and 5G,similarly,will open more doors in terms of what is possible.5G mean

15、s that services relying on advanced technologies such as augmented reality and virtual reality.In short,5G makes other new technologies available anywhere,any time.A great example is Norwegian fishery operator Salmar that uses a 5G network to automate the care and feeding of its fish.Image recogniti

16、on algorithms are used to detect which fish are over or under-feeding,and automatically distribute food and medicine needed to keep them healthy.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Different predictions of technology trends.B.Successive advances in mobile technology.C.One of the technological highligh

17、ts of the year.D.The driving force in managing changes.C主旨大意题之概括段落大意：段落大意是指段落的中心意思。文章常由多个段落组成，共同支撑全文主题，但每段又分述不同的意思。【解题技巧】依据“结构”觅主旨1.如果按总分顺序组织，首句作总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句在段首。2.如果按分总顺序组织，主题句在段尾。3.如果按分总分的顺序组织，主题句则在这段话的中间。4.如果按总分总的顺序，若一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了。5.如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段

18、落可以从中间处分开，然后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明确的并列关系。6.如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。Sometimes an animal has a plant partner.The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other.This is so in the coral

19、s of the sea.In their skins they have tiny plants which act as“dustman”,taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe.If the plants are killed,or are even prevented from light so that they cannot live normally,the corals will die.1.Wha

20、t does the paragraph mainly discuss?A.Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.B.Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.C.Some plants depend on each other for food.D.Some animals live better together.本段主题句位于句首。文章首句提出主题Sometimes an animal has a plant partner.第二句进一

21、步阐述，接着就以珊瑚为例，说明有些动物和植物如何相互依存。A题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题技巧点拨：有时段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己仔细阅读，总结提炼。With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独孤独),more families are choosing to live together.Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research indicates that

22、the numbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.What is the text mainly about?A.Lifestyles in different countries.B.Conflicts between generations.C.A housing pro

23、blem in Britain.D.A rising trend of living in the UK.通读全文可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。DCDDABA1.段落大意题。最后一段没有出现主题句，但是本段关键词是camping,主旨大意是林地野营的注意事项，包括选择营地地点、保护动物、避免火灾、保护植物等。余项仅仅是其中一项细节而已。2.主旨大意题。本文话题是wild camping，文章谈及了遵守野营规则、如何选择野营地点以及野营注意事项。因此D项作为主旨大意，简洁明快，余项仅是细节，不能概括全文主旨。3.主旨大意题。根据第一

24、段中A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another,employees were shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高

25、15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。4.主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类。5.主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。6.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。