长难句专题1-动名词 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项.docx

1、长难句专题1一一动名词（短语）下面是本周要学习的10个例句。请大家先独立阅读遍, 看自己是否能在遍读懂。检测完成之后,再去完成分析翻译。分析之后,再回头独立阅读,反复重复训练,直到把这些句子读通、读顺,直到自己的大脑已对英文的表达习惯非常熟悉。1.Removing the Olympics from 2020 will cut an annualised 0.8 percent of economic growth, JPMorgan estimates.l 结构分析：这句话的主干部分为主谓宾结构: (主语) /will cut (谓语) / (宾语) , JPMorgan estimates

2、.Removing the OIympics from 2020 是个动名词短语,在 句子中充当主语。l 词汇与表达： remove（v.）删除，移除 annualised为形容词,指“年化的,按年度计算的”。 estimate（v.）估计，评估 JPMorgan 专有名词，不用翻译l 参考译文JPMorgan 估计, 2.In fact, squinting without glasses puts more strain on the eyes, and may cause sight to worsen.l 结构分析这句话为and连接的两个并列句。第个句子为主谓宾结构: (主语) /pu

3、ts (谓语) / (宾语) .动名词词组Squinting without glasses在句中作主语, 指“ 不戴眼镜眯着眼看”。第二个并列句省略了同样的主语,还原回完整的句子是: In fact, squinting without glasses puts more strain on the eyes, and squinting without glasses /may cause(谓语) / sight to worsen.l 词汇与表达 squint skwnt 为动词,是“ 眯着眼睛看,斜着眼睛看” 的意思。 put strain on sb表示“给.增加压力, 使.焦虑”

4、。比如The long working hours put a severe strain on employees.长时间工作使雇员严重焦虑。 sight（n.）视力 worsen(v.)更糟糕l 参考译文 3.For Ms. Zhou, the postgraduate officer in the student union at the University of Bath, being in Britain during the time of the virus meant fielding worried phone calls from her mother.l 结构分析我们先

5、来找主干: For sb,/ being in Britain during the time of the virus (主语) / (谓语mean-meant-meant) / (宾语) .这句话是主谓宾结构。being in Britain during the time of the virus是个动名词短语,充当句子的主语,指“ ”。谓语为meant。句子的宾语部分也是个动名词短语:fielding worried phone calls from her mother, 指“ ”。l 词汇与表达 postgraduate （n.）研究生 in the student union学生

6、会 meant（v.）意味着 field 作名词的意思,大家都很熟悉,指“田,地”,“场地”,“领域”等等。 而field 在这句话里作动词, 指“应付, 处理”(to receive and deal with questions and comments), 是个熟词僻义l 参考译文对于身为英国巴斯大学 的周佳妮来说, 意味着要 母亲打来的焦虑的电话。4.Securing sufficient numbers of the organism in question, isolating and characterizing the compounds of interest, and pr

7、oducing large quantities of these compounds are all significant hurdles.l 结构分析这句话为主系表结构: (主语) / (系动词) / (表语) .这句话的难点在于较长的主语: securing. , isolating. and characterizing. ,以及producing. 为四个并列的动名词短语, 充当句子的主语。l 词汇与表达 secure 作动词表示经过大量的努力而“获得” ,相当于obtain, achieve。例如：secure a good job 可以替换find/land a good jo

8、b,表示“找到好工作”。 numbers of 大量=large quantities of 大规模的 in question在讨论中的 sufficient（adj.）足够的 isolate在生物学领域指“使(某物质、细胞)分离” 。isolate还可表示疫情期间的隔离。 compound作名词指“ 化合物 ” sth of interest指“ 人们感兴趣的 .” , compounds of interest 便表示“人们感兴趣的化合物”。 hurdle也是个高频词, 本义是“跨栏” ,引申为“ 障碍,困难 ” ,近义词还有obstacle , barrier。 characterize

9、（v.）识别，鉴定l 参考译文获得 ,分离并鉴定 ,以及 5.Many doctors also recommend avoiding sugary foods, though why this helps is unclear.l 结构分析这句话为主谓宾结构: (主语) / (谓语) / avoiding sugary foods (宾语) , though why this helps (主语) /is(系动词) / (表语) .avoiding sugary foods为动名词短语,充当句子的宾语。though why this helps is unclear 为让步状语从句。从句为主

10、系表结构, why this helps为主语从句,充当状语从句的主语, is为系动词, unclear为表语。l 词汇与表达 sugary foods含糖食品 though尽管 avoid（v.）避免 why this helps为什么这是有帮助的l 参考译文 6.This can mean simply moving about online and providing feedback, as most people already do.l 结构分析这句话为主谓宾结构: (主语) / (谓语) / simply moving about online and providing fee

11、dback (宾语) /, as most people already do.moving about online和providing feedback为并列的两个动名词短语,作谓语动词 can mean的宾语。as most people already do为方式状语从句,充当主句状语。l 词汇与表达 simply（adv.）只需,仅仅，简单地 about和around样, 做副词时可表示“到处” 。move around/about 便表示“ 到处移动 ” 。比如Everyone was running about. 大家都在跑来跑去。 feedback（n.）反馈 as正如l 参考

12、译文 7.People generally prefer to retire to warm, sunny regions, so there is little risk of snow confusing an AVs sensors.l 结构分析这句话由主句和so引导的结果状语从句构成。句中的AV是autonomous vehicles的简称,指无人驾驶汽车。我们重点来看从句部分: So theres little risk of snow confusing an AVs sensors.risk (of confusing an AVs sensors) 是介词短语修饰名词,表示“

13、.的风险” , risk of snow confusing an AVs sensors 即下雪干扰传感器的风险, l 词汇与表达 generally（adv.）通常 retire(v.)退休 warm, sunny regions气候温暖、阳光充沛的地区(两个形容词用逗号并列) little 少，几乎没有（表否定）l 参考译文 8.It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and game addiction.l 结构分析这句话的结构很简单,相信大多数同学都能看懂。这是个主谓宾结构: (主语) /usually leads to (谓语) /

14、no good (宾 语)-drinking, drugs and game addiction.主要想讲的是动名词和名词样,也可以作同位语。这句话中 的破折号后面的drinking, drugs and game addiction便是 no good 的同位语,其中drinking为动名词。l 词汇与表达 lead to（v.）导致，带来 good作名词是“ 善行,合乎道德的行为”的意思。 no 强调否定, 表示“绝不是.” , no good 便指“绝非好事”。l 参考译文 9. But making it happen will probably require Chinas gove

15、rnment to direct Chinese companies to buy lots of American goods.l 结构分析这是个主谓宾结构: (主语) /will probably require (谓语) / （宾语）.l 词汇与表达 make it happen 让它发生 direct（v.）指导l 参考译文 10. Trying to predict how they might change the world in the future is next to impossible.l 结构分析这是个主系表结构: (主语) /is （系动词) / （表语）.Trying to predict how they might change the world in the future动名词短语，充当句子中的主语在主语部分动词predict出现宾语从句 how they might change the world in the future，指“ ”l 词汇与表达 next to （adv）几乎，差不多，almostl 参考译文