2024年全国高考真题甲卷（英语）科目（真题卷+答案详解版）.pdf

1、第 1页/共 22页绝密绝密启用前启用前2024 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷）全国甲卷）英语学科英语学科考生注意：考生注意：1.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。答题纸规定的位置上。2.答题时，请按照答题纸上答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。卷上的作答一律无效。第一部分第一部分 听力（共两节听

2、力（共两节,满分满分 30 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 5 小题小题;每小题每小题 1.5 分分,满分满分 7.5 分）分）听下面听下面 5 段对话段对话。每段对话后有一个小题每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后听完每段对话后,你都有你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍每段对话仅读一遍。1.Where are the speakers going?A.Anew restaurant.B.Aconvenience store.C.Their

3、 office.2.When is the class presentation according to Vicky?A.On Thursday.B.On Wednesday.C.On Tuesday.3.Why does the woman make the call?A.To check the price.B.To make an apology.C.To cancel her order.4.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Husband and wife.B.Boss and employee.C.S

4、alesperson and customer.5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.Their move to a new place.B.Toms friends at school.C.A sports center.第二节（共第二节（共 15 小题小题;每小题每小题 1.5 分分,满分满分 22.5 分）分）听下面听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你

5、将有时间阅读各个小题你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题每小题 5 秒钟秒钟;听完后听完后,各各小题将给出小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第听第 6 段材料段材料,回答第回答第 6、7 题。题。6.What does the girl tell her dad?A.She decides to quit college.第 2页/共 22页B.She worries about her academic ability.C.She is unpopular with her classmates.7.How does the father

6、 help his daughter?A.By telling a funny joke.B.By sharing his own story.C.By planning a school tour.听第听第 7 段材料段材料,回答第回答第 8 至至 10 题。题。8.Who is the man?A.Aresearcher.B.Abird watcher.C.Aradio host.9.When do birds sing quieter?A.On weekend mornings.B.During rush hours.C.In early evenings.10.What is Dr.Z

7、ollinger going to do next?A.Summarize her studies.B.Play some recordings.C.Answer more questions.听第听第 8 段材料段材料,回答第回答第 11 至至 13 题。题。11.Where was Jena born?A.In Canada.B.In Japan.C.In Australia.12.How old was Mike when he left Glasgow?A.Five.B.Six.C.Ten.13.What do we know about Mikes parents?A.They en

8、joy living abroad.B.They first met at the age of 20.C.They will start their own company.听第听第 9 段材料段材料,回答第回答第 14 至至 16 题。题。14.What is the first question to Mr.Green about?A.His adventure in space.B.His physical condition.C.His doctors advice.15.How does Mr.Green feel about traveling to Mars?A.Its unl

9、ikely to happen.B.Its physically demanding.C.Its a chance not to be missed.16.Which is Mr.Greens favorite movie?A.Apollo 13.B.Blue Earth.C.Space Station.听第听第 10 段材料段材料,回答第回答第 17 至至 20 题。题。17.What is the speaker doing?第 3页/共 22页A.Giving a report.B.Introducing a musical play.C.Making an announcement.1

10、8.What are the students expected to do?A.Carry school flags.B.Wear fun clothes.C.Design fancy masks.19.Where can the parents stand and watch?A.On the sidewalk.B.On the playground.C.In front of the office.20.What should the students do if they dont take part?A.Let their teacher know.B.Stay in the lec

11、ture hall.C.Do some reading.第二部分第二部分 阅读（共两节阅读（共两节,满分满分 50 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 15 小题小题;每小题每小题 2.5 分分,满分满分 37.5 分）分）阅读下列短文阅读下列短文,从每题所给的从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEach ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard communitys artistic creativity.Weinvite you to join us for th

12、e coming ARTS FIRST.We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase thecreativity of the Harvard arts community through performances,art exhibitions and art-making activities.Thefestival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.LightAwash in WatercolorLearn about the materials

13、 and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art MuseumsMaterials Lab.Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcomingexhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990:Into the Light.SpinelessArtists:Invertebrate CreativityFrom webs to c

14、ocoons,invertebrates(无脊椎动物)create some of natures most delicate and beautiful designs.Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance,inspire fashion and create art,while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺)materials.Whee

15、l ThrowingJoin instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy,Cabot and Mather Houses fordemonstrations using the potters wheel.Then create your own masterpiece!Knitting and Pom-Pom MakingJoin the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread,o

16、r pick up a pairof needles and learn to knit(编织).第 4页/共 22页1.What do we know aboutARTS FIRST?A.It is an exhibition of oil paintings.B.It offers art courses for all ages.C.It presents recreational activities.D.It is a major tourist attraction.2.Which program will you join if youre interested in drawi

17、ng pictures?A.Light Awash in Watercolor.B.Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity.C.Wheel Throwing.D.Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.3.What can you do together with Javier Marin?A.Practice a traditional dance.B.Make handcrafts.C.Visit a local museum.D.Feed invertebrates.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文

18、章主要介绍了 ARTS FIRST 艺术节的相关艺术展览和艺术制作活动，并且邀请热爱的学生或社区成员加入。【1 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of theHarvard arts community through performances,art exhibitions and art-making activities.(我们期待着您的到来，我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。)”以及下文的四个小标题“LightAwash in

19、Watercolor(水彩中的淡光)”；“Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity(没有骨气的艺术家:无脊椎的创造力)”；“Wheel Throwing(投掷轮子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making(编织和制作毛绒球)”可推知，ARTS FIRST 是提供娱乐活动的。故选 C 项。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“Light Awash in Watercolor(水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn about the materials andqualities of watercolor paint with expe

20、rts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab.Try your hand at some ofthe painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition ofAmerican Watercolors 1880 1990:Into the Light.(与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的“1880 1990 年美国水彩画：进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)”可知，如果对画画感兴趣，可以

21、参加 Light Awash in Watercolor。故选 A 项。【3 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“SpinelessArtists:Invertebrate Creativity(无脊椎艺术家：无脊椎动物的创造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum ofHistory to learn how insects and other Natural第 5页/共 22页invertebrates dance,inspire fashion and create art,while making your own spineless

22、 artists out of craftmaterials.(和哈佛历史博物馆的 Javier Marin 一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)”可知，参与者能跟 Javier Marin 一起进行手工制作。故选 B 项。BAnimals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance,almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音)that they rely on to either ask for help,sc

23、are away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.But cats arespecial creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humansusing meows and youre able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and findfood.Howe

24、ver,when a cat is looking for affection,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing startsas soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mothers attention and be fed.Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their noses to asses

25、stheir environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a placeto relax.However,another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memo

26、ry and use it to recognize you in the future.Thats why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats,which they dontusually like.Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will findrandom objects outside

27、 and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit thats been present in all kinds ofpredators(食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are justdoing something that its been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it!

28、4.What can be learned about cats meowing from the first paragraph?A.Its a survival skill.B.Its taught by mother cats.C.Its hard to interpret.D.Its getting louder with age.5.How does a pet cat assess different situations?A.By listening for sounds.B.By touching familiar objects.C.By checking on smells

29、.D.By communicating with other cats.6.Which best explains the phrase take.up notch in paragraph 3?A.Perform appropriately.B.Move faster.C.Act strangely.D.Do better.7.What is a suitable title for the text?A.Tips on Finding a Smart CatB.Understanding Your Cats Behavior第 6页/共 22页C.Have Fun with Your Ca

30、tD.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance,almost all animalshave distinct vocals(声音)that they rely on to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals

31、or look forshelter.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life anduses it to get the mothers attention and be fed.(猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选 A。【5 题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses,b

32、ut their sense of smell is quite impressive.Theyuse their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.(猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选 C。【6 题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,(狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”

33、和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.(许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语 take.up a notch 是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选 D。【7 题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介

34、绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cats Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选 B。CThe Saint Lukas train doesnt accept passengers it accepts only the sick.The Saint Lukas is one of fivegovernment-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russ

35、ia.Each stop lasts an第 7页/共 22页average of two days,and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations withbasic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions.“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,”says Emile Ducke,a Germanphotographer who tra

36、veled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vastregions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.Russias public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.The government has struggledto come up with measures to address the problem,particularly in the

37、 poorer,rural areas east of the Volga River,including arranging doctors appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctorsto practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situ

38、ation.For 10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给).Then it starts all over again the next month.Most stations wait about a year between visits.Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The trains equ

39、ipment allows for basic checkups.“I was veryimpressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused andvery concerned,”says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”8.How is the Saint Lukas differen

40、t from other trains?A.It runs across countries.B.It reserves seats for the seniors.C.It functions as a hospital.D.It travels along a river.9.What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?A.It is heavily populated.B.It offers training for doctors.C.It is a modern city.D.It needs medical aid.10

41、.How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?A.About a year.B.About ten months.C.About two months.D.About two weeks.11.What is Duckes attitude toward the Saint Lukasservices?A.Appreciative.B.DoubtfulC.Ambiguous.D.Cautious.【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年

42、提供为期 10 个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。【8 题详解】第 8页/共 22页细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel toremote towns in central and eastern Russia.Each stop lasts an average of two days,and during that time the doctorsand nurses on board provide ru

43、ral(乡村)populations with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions.(圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X 光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。故选 C。【9 题详解】推理判断题，第三段提到“Russias public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.Theg

44、overnment has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areaseast of the Volga River,including arranging doctors appointments by video chat and expanding financial aidprograms to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country lik

45、e Krasnoyarsk.(俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。)”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk 需要医疗援助，故选 D。【10 题详解】细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel

46、and restock(补给).”(每年有 10 个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选 D。【11 题详解】推断判断题。根据最后一段的“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living insuch little space but still staying focused and very concerned,”says Ducke.“They were the best chance for manyr

47、ural people to get the treatment they want.”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke 说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke 对 Saint Lukas 的服务持赞赏的态度，故选 A。【点睛】D“I didnt like the ending,”I said to my favorite college professor.It was my junior year of undergraduate,and Iwas doing an indepen

48、dent study on Victorian literature.I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by GeorgeEliot,and I was heartbroken with the ending.Prof.Gracie,with all his patience,asked me to think about it beyondwhether I liked it or not.He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I want

49、ed for the characters第 9页/共 22页and endings that were right for the characters,endings that satisfied the story even if they didnt have a traditionallypositive outcome.Of course,I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver,but the endingthey got did make the most sense for th

50、em.This was an aha moment for me,and I never thought about endings the same way again.From then on,if Iwanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy,Id pick up a love romance.If I wanted an ending I couldntguess,Id pick up a mystery(悬疑小说).One where I kind of knew what was going to happen,historica