名词性从句及练习题 (ppt课件)-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项.pptx
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1、名 词 性 从 句名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses).名词性从句包括主语,宾语,表语,同位语从句。1.名词性从句的定义2.名词性从句的连接词类别词义在从句中的作用从属连词that 无任何词义仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分从属连词 whether和if为“是否”,表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用,在从句中补充当任何句子成分关系代词 who,whom,what,which,whose,whomever,whatever,whichever有各自自身的意义起连接作用,并在从句中充当主,表,宾,定语等关系副词 when,whe
2、re,why,how,however,wherever,whenever有各自自身的意义起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语I know what he is talking about.(从句中缺宾语,指物)Do you know who he is?(从句中缺表语,指人)Where he will go is unknown.(从句中缺地点状语)Im sure that they will come tomorrow.(从句中什么都不缺)I dont know which book I should choose.(从句中缺定语)2.1 名词性从句的连接词选用原则:“缺什么就补什么”1.定义:充
3、当主语功能的句子叫主语从句That she was chosen made a great stir(轰动)in her school.3.1 主语从句2.具体用法 it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:It+be+形容词+that-从句 It is necessary/important that.是有必要/重要的.It+be+-ed 分词+that-从句 It is universally acknowledged that./It is known that众所周知It+be+名词+that-从句 It is common knowledge/a fact that 是
4、常识/事实It+不及物动词+that-分句 It happens that碰巧./It occurs to sb.that 突然想起3.1 主语从句 It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 强调句:It is in the morning that the murder took place.(去掉该结构后,句子成分完整)主语从句:It was a pity that you shouldnt go to see the film.(在句子中作主语成分)3.1 主语从句whatever/whichever/whoever引导主语从句的区别 Whatever 是what的强调形式表示“无论什么”
5、相当于 anything thatWhatever/Anything that she does is wrong.whoever 是who的强调形式表示“无论谁”相当于anyone who.Whoever/Anyone who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.whichever 无论哪个;无论哪些,既指人,又指物.可修饰名词与of连用Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us.Whichever of us fulfills his task will lend a han
6、d to others.1.定义:在复合句中充当宾语功能的句子叫宾语从句We can learn what we didnt know.We find it necessary that we(should)practice English every day.某些作表语的形容词,如sure,happy,glad,certain等之后可带宾语从句I am glad that you can come and help me.3.2 宾语从句3.2 宾语从句2.具体用法 wish/would rather后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。I wish I had finished my homewor
7、k yesterday.Id rather you had been there yesterday 在表示建议,命令,请求的词后面的宾语从句当中用should+V,should可以省略 His pale face suggested that he was ill so I suggested that he should go to see the doctor.He insisted that he was innocent and insisted that he should be set free.3.2 宾语从句2.具体用法 注意it作形式宾语的结构 We all thought
8、 it a pity that we had missed the lesson.I took it for granted that they were not coming.that一般不接介词宾语,偶尔可作except,in的宾语;其它介词后面需用it作形式宾语 He differs from his roommates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.He knows nothing about Jim except that he is from London.You can depend on it that he will
9、 help you in time of emergency.3.2 宾语从句2.具体用法 表示好恶的动词如like;hate;love;enjoy;dislike;appreciate等后面不能直接跟宾语;I like when the weather is sunny.I hate when someone is later for my class.1.定义:充当表语功能的句子被叫做表语从句。The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.3.3 表语从句2.具体用法 reason后面的表
10、语从句只能用that,不能用why引导.The reason is that(because)The reason why we didnt trust him is that he has often lied.(该句型中why引导一个定语从句)1.定义:同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容.这些名词主要是表示抽象概念的词如fact,news,promise,idea,truth;possibility;statement;warning;advice等 3.4 同位语从句3.4 同位语从句2.同位语的引导词有that;whether;why;who;where;how等;其中
11、that和whether只起引导作用;其他连词具有实际意思,同时在同位语中作句子成分。The news that China broken the world record in the Olympic Games has cheered all of us.The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.(why 引导同位语从句解释说明中心语question的内容;且why在从句中作状语)3.4 同
12、位语从句 只起引导作用时,连接词用that而不用whichWhere did you get the idea that she could not come.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:就看that在作引导的从句中是否做句子成分The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very important.(that 引导定语)The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.(that引导同位语从句)3.5 名词性从句中的几个难点1.No m
13、atter+wh&wh+ever区别在名词性从句当中只能用wh,在引导让步状语从句两者可以互换.He will believe whatever others say.(划线部分部分为名词性从句,不能互换)Whatever others say,he will believe it.(划线部分为状语从句,可以互换)Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.(不可互换)3.5 名词性从句中的几个难点 Whether/if区别 在表语,同位语,主语(置于句首时)从句时只用whether表“是否”The question
14、is whether the film is worth seeing.(表语从句)I have no idea whether we should go to the party.(同位语从句)It hasnt been decided yet if we shall attend the meeting.It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句,句末时可互换)3.5 名词性从句中的几个难点 Whether/if区别 形容词;介词;discuss后的宾语从句中只用whether表“是否”It depends on whether yo
15、u can do the work well.(介词宾语)The students are discussing whether they will go out for a picnic this Sunday.I am not sure whether he will come here or not.(形容词的宾语)whether与to do;whether与or或 or not 的搭配The question is whether to stay or leave.Do you mind whether a man or woman does the job.3.5 名词性从句中的几个
16、难点关于that的省略:主语,表语,同位语从句中that不能省略That they are good at English is known to all.(主语从句)The problem is that we dont have enough money.(表语从句)The fact that there are still many people suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the Chinese government.(同位语从句)3.5 名词性从句中的几个难点关于that的省略:在宾语从句中that在以下几种
17、情况中不能省略做介词宾语时that不能省略I know nothing about my neighbor except that he used to work abroad.由it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中,that不可省略We all consider it important that every student(should)be treated properly.3.5 名词性从句中的几个难点关于that的省略 句子含多个并列句时,引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略Everyone knew what happened and that she was worri
18、ed.宾语从句被隔开时,that不能省略 I never doubt,under any circumstance,that he will study hard.如果名词性从句中又含有从句,此时that不能省略 Keep in mind that if you want others to respect you,you must respect others first.(that不能省略,后面的宾语从句中含有一个条件状语从句)1.She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do_it takes to save her life.A.w
19、hichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever答案:C详解:it takes to save her life为宾语从句。句中缺少宾语,所以可排除B。这里引导词物,所以又可排除D;又因为拯救生命所做的事情是没有选择范围的。所以选whatever。2._worried the doctors most was _they could find the cause of the disease.A.What;what B.That;that C.What;how D.How;what答案:C详解:句意:最让医生担忧的是他们怎样才能找到病因。第一空,所选项引导主语从句
20、并在从句中作主语,用what;第二空,所选项引导表语从句并在从句中作方式状语,用how。3.It is suggested _we should think twice before we act.A.as B.which C.whether D.that答案:D详解:根据句子成分分析可知,“_we should think twice before we act”是一个主语从句,it 作形式主语。这个主语从句句意完整而且不缺成分。that 在引导主语从句时,不作任何成分而且没有词义。4.Though having discussed it for long,they still havent
21、 reached an agreement _ they should pour more money into the project.A.that B.if C.whether D.what答案:C详解:_ they should pour more money into the project为同位语从句。根据句意可知,应选whether或if,二者都是“是否”的意思,不作成分,起连接作用。但if不能引导同位语从句,所以选whether。句意:虽然已经讨论了好长时间,他们仍然没有就是否应该向这项工程投入大量资金达成协议。5.It is still under discussion _th
22、e old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether B.when C.which D.where答案:A详解:still under discussion“还在讨论中”说明“旧中巴车站是否应该被一个宾馆替代”还没决定。且根据后面的whetheror not也可以做出正确选择。6.A good friend of mine from _ I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A.how B.whom C.whic
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