安徽省2012中考英语考纲单词详解.doc

1、2012年安徽省初中毕业学业考试英语考纲词汇详解A1. a  (an)  (art) 一（个，件）There is an eraser in the box.What a shame! = What a pity!真遗憾！A knife and fork一副刀叉(用于价格，数量，比率等)He was driving at 50 miles an hour.当时他正以每小时50英里速度驾车。（用于一星期中某天的名称前，表示具体某一天）She died on a Tuesday. 她是在一个星期二去世的。【经典试题】A spaceship flies at about elev

2、en kilometers _ second. A. /   B. the     C. a    D. an How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice. A. the best B. a best C. the betterD. a better 2. ability (n) 能力; 才能;He is a man of great ability. 他是位能力很强的人。She has no ability in that kind of work.The ability to

3、use a language can be achieved by the act of using the language.Almost everyone has some musical ability.几乎人人都有一定的音乐才能。（ability后可接介词in或for引导的短语表示“有某方面的能力”，也可接动词不定式做定语，但不接“of + v-ing”）3. able (a.) 有能力的，能够I am afraid I wont be able to visit you on Saturday. 恐怕我无法在星期六来拜访您了。I didnt feel able to disagree

4、 with him. 我觉得无法不同意他的意见。The ablest student in the class.班上最有才华的人。He is an able lawyer. 他是一位能干的律师。* unable (a.) 不能的，不能胜任的4. about （prep, ad.）关于，在各处；大约，到处  My mother often spoke to me about you.家母常和我谈起你。She sat up and looked about her. 她坐了起来,环顾四周。It happened about 5 o'clock in the morning. 这事

5、发生在早晨约莫五点钟的时候。She likes to walk about. 她喜爱四处走走。John is about the same age as Tom. 5. above  (prep) 在.上面  在.之上, 超过Water came above our knees.水淹过我们的膝盖 We cannot accept children above the age of 10.我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。【词语辨析】Above与最低限度和固定点相连，如：2000 feet above sea level海拔2000英尺。Temperatures will not

6、 rise above zero tonight.而over与数目，数量，年龄，金钱和时间相连，如： Hes over 50。他已年过半百。It cost over $100.这个值100美元。We waited over 2 hours. 6. abroad  (a. ad.)在国外;到国外My son is still living abroad.He was famous both at home and abroad.(abroad前不可用in或to，但可用from表示“从国外”)7. absent (a.)缺席的,不在场的(+from)To be absent from w

7、ork / school / a meeting缺勤，缺课，未出席会议。Three members of the class were absent this morning. 今天早晨该班有三人缺席。Today David is absent from school because he is ill.今天大卫因为生病没上学。【注意区别】He was absent from London.他不在伦敦。He was absent in London. 他不在这里，而在伦敦。l absence （n）不在， 缺席l according to按照，根据8. accent (n) 口音,腔调Judg

8、ing by her accent, she must be a Southerner. 从她的口音判断,她准是南方人。9. accept (v)接受,领受;答应,同意(区别于receive)He has accepted our invitation. 他已经接受了我们的邀请。It was raining heavily so I accepted his offer of a lift.天正在下雨，所以我领了他的情，搭了他的便车。Shes decided not to accept the job.她决定不接受这项工作。10. accident (n)事故;灾祸avoid an accid

9、ent 避免事故cause an accident.导致事故to have an accident出事故A terrible accident has happened.by accident = by chance偶然地11. ache (n)痛，疼痛There were aches in his joints. 他关节疼痛。She felt an ache in her bank.她感觉背痛。【复合词】toothache, stomachache, heartache12. achieve (v)完成,实现，达到,赢得You will never achieve anything if y

10、ou spend your time that way. 你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。achieve peace实现和平   achieve progress获得进步(表示“取得成就，达成目标，目的”时用achieve; 表示“达成协议，决议，合同，得出结论”时用reach或arrive at)13. across  (prep)横越,穿过（区别于through）We walked across the street. 我们穿过马路。Theres a hotel across the road.路另一边有一家旅馆。14. act（n, v）法令, 条例；表演,

11、 扮演, 行动The time for thinking is past. We must now act.思考的时间过去了，我们必须行动。He acted Othello at the Royal Theater that evening. 那天晚上他在皇家剧院扮演奥赛罗。The medicine acts well. = The medicine works well. 这药有效。The actress acts very well. 这演员戏演得好。John acted as chairman in his absence. 他不在时,约翰充当主席。(act后接as短语，作“担任”解时，

12、其后表示职务或职业的名词前通常不用冠词)15. action (n) 行动;行为;活动He took strong action.他采取了强硬措施。He was sorry for his actions.他为自己的行为感到懊悔。(take action采取行动，中间不加冠词)16. active (a.)积极的，主动的She is an active supporter of womens rights.她是争取妇女权利的积极支持者。The sentence is in the active voice.本句子用的是主动语态。Mrs. Brown is over 80 and not ver

13、y active now.布朗太太已八十多岁,现在不大活动了。17. activity (n)活动(outdoor activities户外活动/ classrom activities课堂活动)I take an active part in all kinds of activities including tennis, swimming and running.我积极参加诸如网球游泳跑步等各种各样的活动。18. add (v)添加;增加，加The fire is going out. Will you add some wood? 火快熄了,请你加些木柴好吗?Add 5 to 3 an

14、d you have 8. 3加5等于8.If the tea is too strong, add some more water.如果茶太浓，加些水吧。增加(+to)The snowstorm added to our difficulties. 暴风雪增加了我们的困难。* addition (n) 增加，加19. address（n）住址,地址Whats your home address? 补充词义：演说,致词The headmaster gave an address to the school before the prizes were given away.在发奖之前校长向全校

15、发表了讲话20. advantage (n)优点，优势，好处，Whats the advantage of using wind power?使用风能有何好处？Living in a big city has many advantagesgood schools, libraries, theaters and concerts.住在大城市有许多便利，如好学校，图书馆，剧院和音乐会。We took full advantage of all the seats in the hall.我们充分利用了礼堂里的所有座位。21. advertisement (n)广告Advertisement h

16、elps to sell goods.广告有助于推销商品。“AD” is the short form of advertisement.AD是广告的缩写形式* advertise(v) 为做广告22. advise  (v)劝告，建议We advised her that she (should) wait. 我们劝她等He advised me to work harder.他劝告我要更勤奋工作。Its easy for you to advise, but difficult to take advice from others.劝告别人容易，接受劝告就难了。advise ag

17、ainst劝不要I advised against their doing it.我劝他们不要做这件事。(常与of短语连用)I will advise you of my future plan.我将告诉你我的未来计划。派生词：advisable适当的，合理的，明智的。23. advice  (n) 劝告,忠告UI want your advice, sir. I dont know what to do. 先生,我需要您的指点。我不知该怎么办才好。You should follow (take ) his advice.你必须遵守他的忠告。24. afford （v）负担得起(费用

18、)，抽得出(时间),，提供 (常与can,could,be able to连用)买得起;有足够的.(去做.)+to-vThey did not consider whether they could afford the time or not. 他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。 We cant afford to pay such a price. I cannot afford a car.我没有充足的钱买汽车。None of them could afford $50 for a ticket.他们当中没有哪个拿得出50美元买一张票。25. afraid  (a.)害怕的，担心Sh

19、e was afraid that she might lose her job. 她担心会丢掉工作。 It seems that she is afraid to tell them about it. 似乎她怕将此事告诉他们。 Dont be afraid of snakes. (用于提出异议,告诉不好的消息等场合,使语气婉转)恐怕,遗憾+(that)Im afraid your wife had an accident.很遗憾,你妻子出事了Im afraid I cant help you. 对不起,我不能帮你。The mother is very much afraid for her

20、 son who is seriously ill.母亲很担心自己的儿子，他病得很重。be afraid of + 令人害怕或具有危险地事物。be afraid for “替.担心”+ 令人担心或出于危险之中的事物26. after  (ad, prep, conj)之后，后来；在以后They arrived soon after. 不久以后他们抵达了Tom went on Monday, and Mary left the day after. 汤姆星期一走的,玛丽第二天就离开了。After graduation he went abroad. 毕业后他去了国外。What are

21、you after?你在求去什么？She was named Jane after her aunt.她被仿照她姑妈的名字命名为Jane。I will tell you after they leave. 他们走后我再告诉你。Shut the door after you.随手关门Hes the tallest, after Richard.除了理查德，他最高。After you! = Please go first!请先走！27. afternoon（n）I always have a rest in the afternoon.我下午总要休息一会。（afternoon与this, that

22、, yesterday, tomorrow, every等限定词连用时，其前不用介词）28. again  (ad.)再，再次，又，重新He sang the song again.他把这支歌又唱了一遍。They came back to school again. 他们重返学校了。again and again 再三地，反复不断地29. against （prep）反对;违反; 逆;对着；倚;靠the fight against the A flu 抗甲流斗争Were playing against Hongxing Middle School next week. 下周我们要和红

23、星中学比赛。Against the house there stands a tree.一棵树对着这房子立着。This is against the law.这是违法的。Put the piano there, against the wall.30. age (n)年龄， 时代，(人生的)某一时期the age of the computer计算机时代Whats the age of that old building? I used to play tennis there when I was your age. Children over the age of 12 are not a

24、llowed to enter the hall. 12岁以上的孩子不准进入大厅。He left school at the age of 18.Young people of all ages go there to meet.You look younger for your age. 31. ago (ad.)以前she died two years ago.她死在两年以前.比较：He had written a novel two years before.     He wrote a novel two years ago.(ago指从现在算起若干时间以前，动词

25、用过去式；before指从过去算起的某个时间以前，动词用过去完成时)32. agree (v)同意，赞同I can not agree with you on this point.对于这一点，我不能与你意见相同。He agreed to show me around the factory.他答应带我逛逛这家工厂。 33. agreement (n)同意,一致;  协定,协议My parents are in agreement on what color to paint the house. 我父母亲对于用什么颜色漆房子意见一致。The three sides reached

26、an agreement to stop the war. 三方达成协议停止战争。34. air(n) 空气;大气，天空Better let in some fresh air.最好放些新鲜空气进来。The air was full of butterflies. 天空中飞舞着许许多多蝴蝶。35. airline (n)(飞机的)航线  航空公司 航空系统I often travel by Northwest Airlines. 我常坐西北航空公司的飞机旅行。36. airplane(n)飞机An airplane started for Canton yesterday.昨天一架飞

27、机飞往广州。37. airport(n)飞机场，航空站They landed at a small airport. 他们在一座小型的机场降落。38. alive(a.) (常做表语或补语偶尔做后置定语)活着的;现存的;They were caught alive.他们被活捉了。They are the happiest children alive.他们是当今最幸福的儿童。I dont know whether hes alive or dead.我不知道他是死是活。Is your mother still alive?你妈妈还健在吗?Although he is eighty, he is

28、 still very much alive. 他虽有八十岁了,但仍然充满了活力。39. all  (a. pron)（与名词连用时，在该名词前可使用the或所有格等限定词；若与复数形式的名词连用，名词前也可用基数词）注意：all与not连用有两种含意： “并非都是” “即使全部的.也不”All the students are not noisy.并非所有学生都吵闹。All his toys cannot make him happy.即使他的全部玩具也不能使他快乐。All five men are hard workers.他们5个人工作都努力。All of them enjoy

29、ed playing the piano.-Thanks very much for your help.-Not at all. It was a pleasure.【经典试题】Im interested in _ you have said.A. all that   B. all what   C. that  D. which40. allow  (v) 允许,准许Swimming is not allowed at this beach. 这片海滩禁止游泳。 She allowed us to smoke. 她允许我们抽烟。He is not

30、allowed to stay out late.他不可以在外呆到很晚。We do not allow smoking in the hall.我们不准有人在大厅内抽烟。41. almost (ad)几乎，差不多He spent almost 1,000 dollars a month.他每月差不多用1000块钱。(与no, none, nothing等词连用，只能用almost,而不用nearly;反之，与not,never连用只能用nearly而不用almost; nearly可用very, pretty修饰，almost不可)42. alone (a.) 单独的,独自的She watch

31、es TV when she is alone. 独自一人时,她便看电视。只有,仅;单单(用于名词或代词后加强语气)The rent alone is $300. 单房租就三百元。Man alone has the gift of speech.只有人类才有说话的天赋。Time alone will show who was right.只有时间能证明到底谁对。单独地(adv)For years Mary lived alone in New York. 玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年。（alone与only意思相同，但alone常放在被修饰词之后，而only却置于其前。）43. along

32、(ad. prep)向前, 和一起,一同; 沿着He sang loudly as he walked along. 他边向前走边大声唱着歌。Come along with us. 跟我们一道去吧。I was driving my car along a path.我沿着一条小路开车。* aloud  (ad.) 出声地, 高声地44. already (ad.)已经;先前I have had lunch already. 我已用过午餐了。We have already finished junior middle school.我们已经完成初中学业。-Lunch?  -N

33、o. thanks. Ive already eaten.(用语疑问句表示惊讶，惊奇，怀疑)Is it 10 oclock already? 都十点钟了？（2010安徽中考题）- Whats the date today?今天几号了？-Its June 16. 六月十六-Already? Then its Dragon Boat Festival today, isnt it?是吗？那么今天是端午节了，对吗45. also (ad.) 也,亦;还; 同样地John is also 19 years old约翰也是十九岁。Since you've accepted the invitat

34、ion, I'll also accept it. 既然你已接受邀请,那我也接受邀请。He not only plays well, but also writes music.46. although (conj.) 虽然;尽管 Although he was ill, he worked hard. 他虽然生病,但仍努力工作。47. always(ad)总是,经常；永远,一直；(动词用进行时)老是,一再；(与can/could连用)随时They always make fun of Mr. Smith. 他们总是嘲弄史密斯先生。Childrens Day is always the

35、 first of June. 儿童节一直是六月一日。Shes always disturbing me.她老是骚扰我。That phones always ringing.那电话老是响个不停。（2008安徽中考试题）-English is_ too difficult for me. I cant learn it well.-Dont give up. Nothing is difficult if you work hard.A. seldom  B. never  C. always  D. usually48. America (n) 美国 美洲Amer

36、ica was discovered by Columbus in 1492.美洲大陆是哥伦布在1492年发现的。49. American(a. n)The American students get on well with us.I saw many Americans in Summer Palace yesterday.50. among (prep)（区别于between, in the middle of）在.之中;在(三个以上).中间Tom has always been popular among his classmates. 汤姆在同学中一直很受欢迎。例题：He is ta

37、lking    A   the students of Class 2 on the playground.  A. among B. in the middle ofHe is playing soccer    B    the playground.  A. among   B. in the middle of51. ancient(a.)古代的; 古老的;古旧的,旧的。Jerusalem is an ancient city.耶路撒冷是座古城。He drives an ancient

38、 machine.他操纵一台老掉牙的机器。* ancestor (n) 祖宗，祖先52. and (conj) 和，与，及（表示并列）This place is nice and warm.此处温暖而舒适。表示时间，动作，状态的延续，重复。We waited for hours and hours. 我们等了不知多少小时。She is getting better and better.她的身体在逐渐变好。为了（在口语中用于come,go,try之后，相当于动词不定式的符号to） go and buy one去买一个。   Wait and see 等着瞧吧。(2009安徽中考试题第

39、32题）Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, _at last she succeeded.A. so   B. or    C. but   D. and53. angry (a.)生气，发怒的He was angry with his younger brother.She was angry at what her husband said. Nothing ever makes him angry.从未有事使他生气。54. animal  (n)动物，残暴的人He was a good

40、story-teller and used to make up tales about farmers and animals. 他是个讲故事的好手，常编一些农夫和动物的故事。What an animal he is! 他是一个非常残暴的人。55. another  (a. pron )别的，不同的；再(另, 又)一个He drank another glass of beer. 他又喝了一杯啤酒。Thats another matter. 那是另外一回事。I dont like this one, please show me another. 我不喜欢这个,请给我另一个。The

41、y had three goals in the first half, and another two in the second.他们上半场进了三个球，下半场又进了两个。If you want to book a round-trip ticket, youll have to pay another $30.如果你要订双程票，你的再付30美元。Lets do it another time.我们下次再办这事吧。56. answer   (n. v)回答;答复 接(电话); 应(门) Ann asked many questions and I did my best to an

42、swer them. 安妮问了许多问题,我尽可能地回答。Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?回答;答复; 复信  反应   (n)Im waiting for an answer to my letter. 我正在等候回信。He said good night to her but she gave no answer. 他向她道晚安,而她却毫无反应。57. ant (n) 蚂蚁to work like an ant勤奋工作have ants in ones pants. 坐立不安，急于做58. any   (pron. a .)(

43、无论)哪一个(些); 任何的;一些(否,疑,if从句)He wanted a job, any sort of a job. 他需要一个工作,任何工作都行。If there is any trouble, do let me know. 如遇到麻烦,务必告诉我。 I dont have any money to spare. 我的钱都用光了。 Are there any letters for me? 有我的信吗?(修饰比较级：稍稍= a little)Do you feel any better today?今天感觉稍好点吗？【经典试题】He is taller than _ girl in

44、 his class. A. anyB. otherC. any otherD. another 59. anybody(pron)无论谁,任何人,Anybody may come.任何人都可以来。I didnt meet anybody.我任何人都没碰到。If anybody calls, tell him I have gone out.60. anyone=anybody (pron)任何人61. anything (pron)(用于疑,否或if从句时)什么东西, 任何东西Do you have anything to say? 你有什么话要说吗?Is there anything wr

45、ong with your clock?(用于肯定句时)无论什么东西,无论什么事情My dog will eat almost anything. 我的狗几乎什么东西都吃。成语：anything but决不，根本不The hotel was anything but cheap.这旅馆根本不便宜。（比较anything but 与nothing but）62. anyway (ad.)不管怎样；反正；即使如此 It may rain, but we shall go anyway. 也许会下雨,可我们无论如何要去。Thank you all the same = Thank you anywa

46、y63. anywhere (ad.)(用于疑问句或if从句时)在任何地方,往任何地方Did you go anywhere last night? 你昨天夜里有没有到什么地方去?(用于否定句时)什么地方(也)You cant get it anywhere. 这东西你什么地方也买不到的。(用于肯定句时)随便什么地方Sit anywhere. 随便坐。64. appear (v)出现;显露，演出;陈列;露面Gradually a smile appeared on her face. 她脸上渐渐地露出笑容。The famous singer is appearing this fall at

47、the Music Festival. 这位著名的歌手将在今秋的音乐节上演出。He didnt appear at the meeting until 9 oclock.他直到9点才出席会议似乎,看来好像It appears they are right. 看来他们是对的。 He appeared to be talking to himself. 他似乎在自言自语。65. apple  (n)成语：She is the apple of her fathers eye.她是她父亲的掌上明珠。66. April (n)April Fools Day = All Fools Day愚人节April Fool愚人节开的玩笑；愚人节被愚弄的人67. area (n)面积,地区,领域,范围This room is 150 square feet in area.这房间面积为150平方英尺。His major area of study is chemistry.他的主要研究领域是化学。The areas of training and development.训练和发展方面68. arm (n)臂, 胳膊; 支架She is holding a baby in her arms.她正抱着孩子。There must be somethi