第三章英译汉的层次-句子的翻译课件.ppt（72页）

1、12三大从句的翻译方法 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句3 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的事，就值得把它做好。Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.一种生物究竟是植物还是动物，有时候会使生物学家颇伤脑筋。4 遇到以it做形式主语而将真正的主语置后的句型，翻译时可采用分译、合译或插译的方法。It can be seen that precleaning alone would not

2、reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to level anywhere near the standards.可以看出，这4种煤的总含硫量仅靠预洗是不能降低到接近标准规定的水平的。5 It doesnt matter whether we start now or later.我们现在开始还是以后开始都没有关系。It happened that I had bought the book.我碰巧买了这本书。6 I dont remember whether I cried at that moment,but my sister

3、did.译文一：当时我究竟哭没哭，我不记得了。但我妹妹的确译文一：当时我究竟哭没哭，我不记得了。但我妹妹的确哭了。哭了。译文二：我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭，但我妹妹的确哭了。译文二：我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭，但我妹妹的确哭了。Your assumption,that things will improve,is unfounded.译文一：你的设想，认为事情都会改进，是没有根据的。译文一：你的设想，认为事情都会改进，是没有根据的。译文二：你认为事情都会改进的设想是没有根据的。译文二：你认为事情都会改进的设想是没有根据的。He is not who he was thought to be.他不是

4、人们过去所想的那种人。他不是人们过去所想的那种人。789 10 Try to translate:11粗野的，粗野的，无礼的无礼的急急捉住急急捉住蛤蟆蛤蟆连续地轻咬连续地轻咬12 Try to translate:天文学的天文学的积极性；积极性；进取心进取心13继续继续14 15 Try to translate:余额余额1617 Try to translate:拼命的；拼命的；非常的非常的18可靠的；可靠的；有根据的有根据的19镇压；镇压；消灭消灭叛乱叛乱20神的；神的；神圣的神圣的礼拜礼拜21状语从句状语从句 状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等各种从状语从句包括表示时间、原因

5、、条件、让步、目的等各种从句，位置灵活，放在主句的前面、后面或中间都可以。句，位置灵活，放在主句的前面、后面或中间都可以。（1）时间状语从句）时间状语从句 When you apply for a job,you must present your resume.译文：当你应聘一份工作时，必须提交简历。译文：当你应聘一份工作时，必须提交简历。Michael used to look hurt and surprised when scolded.译文：麦克尔过去受到责难时，看起来又伤心又惊讶。译文：麦克尔过去受到责难时，看起来又伤心又惊讶。22 As soon as I have finish

6、ed it,Ill give you a call.译文：译文：我一做完就给你电话。（一就）Until you told me,I had heard nothing of what happened.译文：译文：一直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。（直到才）23（2）原因状语从句）原因状语从句He threw off his coat because he felt hot.译文：他觉得很热，把上衣脱掉了。译文：他觉得很热，把上衣脱掉了。I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day,as it always reminds m

7、e of my university days in London.译文：我把那幅画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，译文：我把那幅画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，因为它总是让我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。因为它总是让我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。24（3）条件状语从句）条件状语从句You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you dont mind taking the night train.译文：如果你不介意坐夜车的话，你可以早一点到北京译文：如果你不介意坐夜车的话，你可以早一点到北京去参加那次会议。去参加那次会议。If I

8、 were you,I would not go.译文：我要是你我就不去。译文：我要是你我就不去。If punished,they will not cooperate.译文：他们如果受到损害，将不予合作。译文：他们如果受到损害，将不予合作。25（4）让步状语从句）让步状语从句 Ive already told you that Im going to buy it,however much it costs.译文：已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打译文：已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打算买它。算买它。Even if the calculation is right,scientists

9、 can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.译文：即使计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定译文：即使计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟了它们。了它们。26（5）目的状语从句）目的状语从句 I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment.译文：有人劝我投保，以防治病之需。译文：有人劝我投保，以防治

10、病之需。I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go traveling.译文：我在找一份临时工作，以便积攒些钱去旅译文：我在找一份临时工作，以便积攒些钱去旅游。游。27（6）其他状语从句）其他状语从句 They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.译文：通常到了月底，他们的钱就比月初少了。译文：通常到了月底，他们的钱就比月初少了。In the course of a

11、day,students do far more than just attend classes.译文：在一天的学习生活中，学生所做的远不止听课。译文：在一天的学习生活中，学生所做的远不止听课。Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed.译文：周密的调查已经表明：多达译文：周密的调查已经表明：多达50%的病人没有按照的病人没有按照医嘱服药。医嘱服药。28 Translating long English sentences involve

12、s not only a mixed application of various techniques but also a careful analysis of their grammatical structures and logical sequences.That is to say,on the one hand,to achieve accurate comprehension a translator should take pains to decode the logical sequence of a long sentence in addition to its

13、grammatical relation.on the other,to achieve appropriate reproduction a translator should make no less efforts to rearrange various parts according to the Chinese way of thinking than to apply translation techniques.291.Features of Long English SentencesThe basic structures of long English sentences

14、 are as follows:S+V,S+V+P,S+V+O,S+V+o+O,and S+V+O+C as mainstays,with words,phrases,or clauses as members of sentences,then join,directly or indirectly,various kinds of nexuses composed of words,phrases,or clauses as modifiers,to the mainstays of the basic structures.302.Features of Chinese Equivale

15、nts to Long English SentencesWe Chinese like to build our sentences in chronological order(流水纪事法流水纪事法).In other words,we usually arrange our ideas according to temporal or logical sequences:earlier actions later actions 由先到后由先到后specific general 由具体到一般由具体到一般cause effect 由因到果由因到果phenomena nature 由现象到本

16、质由现象到本质condition(concession)facts 由条件（让步）到由条件（让步）到事实事实facts conclusion由事实到结论由事实到结论31 3.Common Ways to Translate Long Sentences(长长句的常用译法句的常用译法)The following are the major steps to translate a long sentences:Step 1 Find out the basic pattern(查明基本句型查明基本句型)：SV,SVP,SVO,SVoO,SVOC?Step 2 Find out the subor

17、dination(查明从属结构查明从属结构)：modifier or the modified?Step 3 Find out the meanings of words(查明词查明词义义)：meaning in a given context?32 Step 4 Find out the grammatical relations(查明查明语法关系语法关系)：tense,aspect,voice,mood,etc.?Step 5 Find out the focus,temporal or logical sequences(查明重心，时间或逻辑顺序查明重心，时间或逻辑顺序)Step 6 (

18、Re)arrange various parts according to Chinese ways of thinking and modes of expression(按照中国人的思维方式和表达习惯，安排或按照中国人的思维方式和表达习惯，安排或调整语序调整语序)Step 7 Revise,modify and polish the draft(修订、修订、润饰初稿润饰初稿)33 34 35 Try to translate:刺激物；刺激物；激励激励363738394041424344 Translate:4546474849 5051525354 55有光泽的；有光泽的；灿烂的灿烂的56

19、57 58 2 段落翻译段落翻译It may be that I am a pessimist,for spring it is,not autumn,that makes me sad.Spring has always rightly been identified with youth,and the sorrows of youth are poignant and bitter.The daffodils which challenge so proudly and splendidly the boisterous March winds are soon shriveled an

20、d defeated,limply wrinkling to remind us of the inevitable ravages of time.The world is urgent with bursting life,with the wild exciting beauty of youth,but it is an impetuous beauty of scenes racing impatiently in to the florid and surfeited luxury of summer.Here is no comfort and fulfillment,only

21、passionate creation of transitory delight.（Ona Low,My Favourite Season.）我也许是一个悲观主义者，因为使我伤感的季节，是春天而非秋天。人们总我也许是一个悲观主义者，因为使我伤感的季节，是春天而非秋天。人们总是把青春比作春天，这自然无可厚非，但青春逝去的哀伤却是苦不堪言的。是把青春比作春天，这自然无可厚非，但青春逝去的哀伤却是苦不堪言的。那笑傲三月狂风的水仙花，很快枯萎一片，花残叶败，紧锁的愁眉向人们诉那笑傲三月狂风的水仙花，很快枯萎一片，花残叶败，紧锁的愁眉向人们诉说着天道的无情。蓬勃的生命和狂热激奋的青春美丽催动着春天万物，良辰说着天道的无情。蓬勃的生命和狂热激奋的青春美丽催动着春天万物，良辰美景来去匆匆，转眼又是俗艳奢华的夏天了。春天没有安然自得，没有任何美景来去匆匆，转眼又是俗艳奢华的夏天了。春天没有安然自得，没有任何结果，有的只是激情涌动和转瞬即逝的快乐。结果，有的只是激情涌动和转瞬即逝的快乐。5960 61 62 63 6465 66 67 68 69707172