定语从句 ppt课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项.pptx

1、定语从句The boy there is my little brother.He is always the first to enter the classroom.He is reading an article about how to learn EnglishGuilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country.There are thirty women teachers in our school.定定语语是对是对名词或代词名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子。起修饰作用的词、短语或句子。The girl who is

2、 smiling He is a singer who is popular with teenagers.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,that,who,whom,whose，(as)where,when,why定语从句：在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被定语从句所修饰的词that 在从句中作主语,宾语或表语，指人或物。which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。1.The nurse that talked with us is from Canada.2.The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious.(主语)(宾语)(主语)(宾

3、语)3.Shenzhen is not the city that it used to be.4.They planted the trees which didnt need much water.5.The fish(which)we bought were not fresh.(表语)1 关系代词that,which 在从句中who作主语或宾语，whom作宾语，指人。(主语)(宾语)(宾语)2 关系代词who,whom1.The boy who broke the window is called Michael.2.Mr.Read is the professor(whom)I me

4、t yesterday.3.The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物。1.Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasnt been handed in.2.This is the book whose cover is blue.3 关系代词whose关系代词先行词所作成分是否可省that人/物主语/宾语作宾语时可以省略，前有介词时不可省略 which物主语/宾语who人主语/宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语不可以省略summary总结关

5、系副词关系副词先行词先行词所作成分所作成分when时间时间时间状语时间状语where地点地点地点状语地点状语why原因原因 the reason原因状语原因状语1.7关系副词关系副词when,where,why先行词指时间，定语从句中缺时间状语时，用关系副词先行词指时间，定语从句中缺时间状语时，用关系副词when （=介词介词+which）1.I still remember that day when I first came to Nanjing.2.I still remember the day on which I first came to Nanjing.1 关系副词关系副词wh

6、en先行词指地点，定语从句中缺地点状语时用关系副词先行词指地点，定语从句中缺地点状语时用关系副词where(=介词介词+which)This is the house where I lived last year.This is the house in which I lived last year.2 关系副词关系副词whereThey have reachedwhere they have to say goodbye to each other.Please describe where you met difficulties.先行词是先行词是the reason，从句中缺原因状语

7、时用关系副词，从句中缺原因状语时用关系副词why(=for which)I dont know the reason why he came so late.I dont know the reason for which he came so late.3关系副词关系副词why介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或或whom，即：介词，即：介词+which(指人）指人）/介词介词+whom（指物）（指物）。（1）The man to whom you spoke

8、is a teacher.（2）This is the house in which I lived last year.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语的定语,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。失去意义。从句和主句关系十分密切，从句和主句关系十分密切，不用逗号分开不用逗号分开。What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切和主句关系不

9、十分密切,只是对先行词只是对先行词作些附加的说明作些附加的说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。主句的意思仍然清楚。从句和主句之间往往从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开用逗号分开,不用不用that和和why引导。引导。Yesterday I met Professor King,who came from the University of London.昨天我遇见金教授昨天我遇见金教授,他从是伦敦大学来的。他从是伦敦大学来的。大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊场合非限制性而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的定语

10、从句的先行词也可为整个主句先行词也可为整个主句,此时非此时非限制性定语从句常限制性定语从句常由由which引导引导。A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。如何选择关系词：如何选择关系词：1.1.确定定语从句确定定语从句2.2.看先行词是指人还是指物看先行词是指人还是指物3.3.看从句中缺什么成分（把先行词还原到定语从句中，看先行词在定语从看从句中缺什么成分（把先行词还原到定语从句中，看先行词在定语从句中作什么

11、成分句中作什么成分4.4.确定关系词确定关系词The boys _are playing football are from Class One.Football is a game _is liked by most boys.who/thatwhich/thatI am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the

12、very book that belongs to him.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时(4)先行词被the only,the very,the last 修饰时Ive read all the books that are not mine.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等修饰时关系代词只用关系代词只用that不用不用which的情况的情况(5)先行词既有人又有物时 Which is the book that you bought last week?(6)主句中有疑问词which 或who时They talked about

13、 the persons and things that they remembered.People want to listen to someone who is interesting.Anyone who breaks the law is punished.The student you should learn from is the one who works hard.Those who break the law are punished.He who breaks the law is punished.1.4 关系代词只用关系代词只用who的情况的情况The famou

14、s film star,who tries to make a comeback,draws a lot of attention.1.当先行词是指人的代词如当先行词是指人的代词如he,she,someone,those时用时用who.2.非限制性定语从句先行词指人时用非限制性定语从句先行词指人时用who.as引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句指代整个主句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。常译为语。常译为“正如正如”As everyone knows,China is a beautiful country with a long history.He

15、forgot to bring his pen with him,as was often the case.As we all know，(As is well known，)众所周知众所周知As we expected,正如我们所预料的正如我们所预料的As often happens,正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样As is often the case,情况常常如此情况常常如此As has been said before，如前所述，如前所述As may be imagined,可以想象得出可以想象得出As has been pointed out,正如已经指出的那样正如已经指出的

16、那样As will be shown in 正如将在正如将在中展示的那样中展示的那样As is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的正如上面所提到的1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2.He managed to achieve his goal in a way_ was impossible.3.The way _he used was quite simple.that/whichthat/in which/that/which/the way 作先行词作先行词

17、1.从句中缺状语，关系词用从句中缺状语，关系词用that,in which或不填或不填。2.从句中缺宾语用从句中缺宾语用that、which 或不填。或不填。3.从句中缺主语用从句中缺主语用that、which。1.6 the way 作先行词时的关系词作先行词时的关系词选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。1.I like the present _ youve sent to me.2.The nurse _ we talked about can speak English well.3.This is the most difficult job _ weve ever done.4.This is the cleverest man _ Ive ever known.5.The old gentleman _ you met just now is a famous writer.6.We talked about the things and persons _ we saw then.7.I live in the room _window faces south.1.that/which/不填 2.that/who/whom/不填 3.that 4.that 5.who/whom/that/不填 6.that 7.whose