专题19中考英语单项选择分析.ppt

1、中考英语单项选择分析中考英语单项选择分析 单项填空这个题型容量大，涉及到语音、词汇、语法、习语、日常用语和习惯表达法等语言知识，范围广，是对学生掌握英语基本知识和基本技能功底即语言运用能力的检测，一般分值为20分，所占比例为13%，较为重要。要做好单项选择的基本条件是：1.从考生本人来说，应有扎实的英语基础知识功底，要有丰富的词汇、习惯用语和句型知识。2.从做题来说，一方面要有认真仔细的态度，另一方面要注意积累解题技巧，做到从语义和语法两个方面来考虑，要善于寻找信息词，对题目进行分析、理解，从中选出最佳答案。3.从英语是一种语言工具来说，要从注重英语语法和单纯的语言测试转变到要注重语境和对语言

2、的理解和运用上来。4.从英语新课程标准的要求来说，要讲究各方面素质的培养，善于与其它学科相结合，能联系新形势、新热点，与时俱进，具有创新意识。一、分析历年的中考题，可以发现，单项选择一、分析历年的中考题，可以发现，单项选择 从三个方面出题。从三个方面出题。1.词性：名词、冠词、数词、介词、连词、代词、动词、形容词和副词等九类词性 2.句法类 3.情景交际1.语法专项分析2.情景交际分析3.学科渗透分析4.热点分析中考出题预测分析中考出题预测分析二、本节课从以下四个二、本节课从以下四个 方面来分析中考单项选择题：方面来分析中考单项选择题：语法专项分析语法专项分析 语法语法是研究句子结构和词形变化

3、的科学,是对语言规律的总结。语法知识是单项选择的主干，不管什么样的题目多多少少都会涉及语法知识，所以现在化一定的时间来分析语法知识考点是必要的。考生可以根据所列条目检查是否已经掌握基本考点，进行查漏补缺。语法主要分以下两个方面：1.词类：名词、冠词、数词、介词、连词、代词、动词、形容词和副词等九类词性。2.句法类。一、名词名词 考生在名词方面应掌握这几个要点：1.名词变复数的规则名词变复数的规则,如（1）以s,x,ch和sh结尾的（2）以辅+y结尾的（3）元+y结尾的（4）以f/fe结尾的(5)以0结尾的2.几个不规则的复数名词几个不规则的复数名词如:man,woman,child,foot,

4、tooth,sheep,deer,Englishman,Frenchman,Japanese,Chinese,3.只用复数形式的名词只用复数形式的名词如:people,clothes,goods,police,trousers4.一些集体名词一些集体名词如:class,team,family,school5.不可数名词不可数名词如:news,information,wood,food,work,weather,room,space,population,metal,glass,cotton,silk,bread,meat,water,coffee,milk,porridge,money,fun

5、,etc.6.名词所有格名词所有格如:Womens Day,Teachers Day,a map of China,a few minutes walk,Lucy and Lilys father,Lucys and Lilys shoes a friend of mine,todays newspaper,at the doctors,etc.7.与复数名词连用的单词与复数名词连用的单词如:many,(a)few,a number of,these,those,two,different,one of-;与不可数名词连用的单词如:much,(a)little;都可连用的如：some,any,

6、no,enough,a lot of,lots of,etc.8.不可数名词及其量的表示法不可数名词及其量的表示法，如：a cup of tea,two glasses of milk等。从98年到04年选择题中名词名词共出现八道题，它们是：(98年)1.-What can you see in the picture?-Oh,I can see many_.A.horse B.sheep C.cow D.pig(99年)2.-Can I help you,sir?-Id like four mooncakes and _.A.two cup of tea B.two cups of teas

7、 C.two cups of tea D.two cup of tea(99年)3.The place of interest is about _walk from here.A.two hour B.two hours C.two hours D.two hours(00年)4.-Miss Yang,where are the story-books?-They are on those _in the corner.A.shelf B.shelfs C.shelfes D.shelves(00年)5.-Is it far from your home to the station?-No

8、,its only _walk.A.ten minutes B.ten minute C.ten minutes D.ten minutes(05年)6.-Can you tell me when when_is?Its on the third Sunday in June.A.Mothers day B.Fathers Day C.Tree Planting Day D.Thanksgiving Day二、形容词和副词二、形容词和副词考生在形容词和副词方面应掌握这几个要点：1.形容词和副词变成比较级和最高级的规则。尤其是不规则单词。2.使用原级、比较级、最高级的方法。3.几个特殊的句型。4

9、.形容词和副词的特性。5.几个特殊的常用的形容词和副词。98年至05年共有形容词6题、副词9题，现摘录部分题目如下：1.-Time is money.-But I think time is _money.A.more important than B.not important as C.so important as D.the most important (01)2.-I bought a nice MP3 yesterday.Its only$50.-Really?Mine is$120.Its _than yours.A.cheaper B.lower C.more expensi

10、ve D.less (04)3.Mr Smith walked _fast for us _catch up with.A.too-to B.such-that C.enough-to D.so-that (04)三、动词三、动词考生在动词方面应掌握这几个要点：1.动词的第三人称、现在分词、过去式、过去分词构成2.三种非谓语动词（do,to do,doing）的常用单词用法3.动词的时态和语态4.最基本的几个情态动词的用法5.几对常用近义动词的用法98年至05年共有动词47题，现摘录部分题目如下1.Why is your foreign teachers Chinese so good?Bec

11、ause he China for eight years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has come toD.has been in2.Its a bit cold outside.Wed betterour coats.I think so.A.not to take off B.not to put on C.not take off D.not put on3.The tall building_ten years ago,but it still looks quite new.A.was built B.must be built C.is built

12、 D.built四、数词四、数词考生在数词方面应掌握这几个要点：1、基数词和序数词的写法和用法2、hundred,thousand,million,billion的用法3、分数表达法4、日期、钟点、年龄的表示方法 98年至05年共有数词4题，现摘录部分题目如下：1.Miss Gao says there are about_English story books in the school library.(98)A.six hundreds of B.six hundred of C.six hundreds D.six hundred2.May is _month of the year.

13、A.five B.the five C.fifth D.the fifth (99)3.More than _tickets had been sold out when I got to the cinema.A.two hundred B.two hundreds C.two hundred of D.two hundreds of (00)五、代词五、代词考生在代词方面应掌握这几个要点：1、人称代词主格和宾格的用法2、形容词性物主代词的用法3、名词性物主代词的用法4、反身代词的用法5、指示代词的用法6、疑问代词的用法7、不定代词的用法8、it的用法98年至05年共有代词13题，现摘录部分

14、题目如下：1.These are not my clothes.Are they yours?-No,theyre_.A.mine B.your C.hers D.their2.Excuse me,where is the nearest post office?-Its on _ side of the street,next to the book shop.A.other B.the other C.others d.another3.Do you speak French?-Yes,but only _.A.few B.a few C.little D.a little4.-Excus

15、e me,is this your ruler?-No,its not _.A.I B.me C.my D.mine5.Would you like some more milk?-Just _,thanks.A.little B.a little C.few D.a few6.What about the English novel?Its not very difficult.There are only new words in it.A,few B.a few C.many D.a little(98)(98)(98)(99)(99)(04)六、连词六、连词考生在连词方面应掌握这几个要

16、点：1、了解几个并列连词的用法如：and,but,or,not only-but also,etc.2、了解几个常见的从句连词的用法如：if,whether,because,since,when,before,after,until,as soon as,etc.98年至05年共有连词3题，现摘录部分题目如下：(98)We have never heard from Mr Green_he left in 1990 A.Before B.since C.after D.for(00)-How do you like this shirt?-It looks nice,_ its too dea

17、r.A.or B.and C.but D.for(04)-When did you know the news?-I knew nothing about it _my friend told me.A.after B.if C.because D.until七、介词七、介词 考生在介词方面应掌握这几个要点：1、了解一些常用的介词及其用法2、熟记常用的介词短语98年至05年共有介词7题，现摘录部分题目如下：(98)1.I dont think the food shop is open _ this time of day.A.to B.in C.on D.at(99)2.Her best f

18、riend sits _ Han Meimeis right,behind Lin Tao.A.in B.at C.on D.by(00)3.We had an English party last night.Everybody was on time_Tom.A.except B.without C.until D.since(01)4.Jack,when were you born?-I was born _October 8,1984.A.in B.on C.at D.by(02)5.What do you usually do_ Sundays?A.at B.in C.on D.fo

19、r(04)6.Who will give us a talk tomorrow?Yang Liwei.The talk is his trip to space.A.in B.about C.at D.of 八、冠词八、冠词 考生在冠词方面应掌握这几个要点：1、区别a和an的用法及the与它们的不同2、熟记冠词的固定词组3、了解定冠词的基本用法和不用冠词的情况98年至05年共有冠词7题，现摘录部分题目如下1.Jane is _ English girl.She comes from _England.A.an,the B.an,C.the,the D.,2.Look!Whats that in

20、 the tree?-Oh,its _kite.A.a B.an C.the D.3.Look!There is _big orange on the floor.A.a B.an C.the D.4.Miss Gao,Whats this?-Its _English Chinese dictionary A.a B.the C.an D.5.Is India_English speaking country?-Ive no idea.Lets go and ask Mr.Hu.A.a B.the C.an D.6.The elephant isuseful animal to human b

21、eings.A.a B.an C.the D./2.情景交际分析情景交际分析 近几年的中考单项填空题越来越侧重在语境中测试学生的综合运用语言知识的 能力，基本上以对话的方式出现，考生应特别引起注意，尤其情景交际，在这七年的考试中有14个题目是情景交际题，单项填空越来越强调题目的生活化、交际化，体现了英语是用来交际的语言工具这一特点，如：1.-Happy birthday to you!-_.A.Thank you B.Yes,of course C.I hope so D.Youre too kind.(02)2.-What can I do for you,madam?A.Thank you

22、 B.All right C.some apples D.Its nice of you (04)3.-My mother is ill in hospital._ A.I dont think so B.Oh,she is unlucky C.No problemD.Im sorry to hear that4.-Shall we go boating tomorrow?-_.The weather report says a storm is coming.A.Im afraid we cant B.Sure C.Thats a good idea D.Thats a deal5.Look

23、 at the picture.What will the boy probably say to the granny?A.It doesnt matter.Nothing serious B.Im terribly sorry.Are you OK?C.Nice to meet you.How are you?D.Bad luck.You are so careless.3.学科渗透和生活文化常识分析学科渗透和生活文化常识分析 学习英语不仅仅是学习语言知识，而且还要学习它的文化,我们不能只读语法知识还要注意了解生活常识；英语是用来交流思想、表达感情、传递信息的语言交际工具，任何领域都要用到

24、它，它与其它的学科有着紧密的关系，在历年各地的中考卷中出现了许多涉及生活常识、文化风俗及其它学科的题目，如：1.What number should appear next after eight-one?-Its _.3 9 27 81?A.two hundred and forty-nine B.two hundred and forty-one C.two hundred and forty-eight D.two hundred and forty-three2.If H2 burns in O2,we can get_.A.H2 B.H2O C.O2 D.H2O23.The sum

25、of the whole numbers between 1 and 100 is _.A.101 B.5050 C.1000 D.1004.In the following series,which letter comes next?A,C,E,G,-A.I B.K C.M D.H5.-Can you tell me when _is?-Yes.Its on the third Sunday in June.A.Mothers Day B.Fathers Day C.Tree Planting day D.Thanksgiving Day6.Lets enjoy the song Yest

26、erday Once More.It sounds _.A.well B.sadly C.nice D.bad4.热点分析热点分析1.The film“Harry Potter”is really interesting.-Yeah.I_ it twice.A.have seen B.see C.will see D.had seen2.-A lot of people got SARS last year.Its terrible.-Yes,we should _ourselves and keep healthy.A.look over B.look over C.look after D

27、.look up3.The spaceship _will go around the earth in 2005 will be called Shenzhou VII.A.which B.who C.whom D.what4.Do you thin Yao Ming plays basketball as_as Michael Jordan?A.bad B.badly C.wonderful D.wonderfully5.Both Wang Tao _Kong Linghui are famous pingpong players.A.nor B.but C.or D.and 结束语结束语 总之，做单项选择题时，要采用适当的方法，吃透题干的意义，然后有针对性地琢磨关键的词语和句子，进行深刻理解，准确判断，结合平时的惯用法、句型、交际用语等，善于利用排除发，有针对性地筛选、分析、推断正确答案，就一定能取得理想的成绩。