（语法专题案）十五 直接引语和间接引语.ppt

1、十五、直接引语和间接引语 一、定义一、定义 直接引述别人的话，叫直接引语。被引用的部分放在引号直接引述别人的话，叫直接引语。被引用的部分放在引号里。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，间接引语不用引里。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，间接引语不用引号，在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。号，在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。二、直接引语和间接引语的变化规则二、直接引语和间接引语的变化规则 (一一)人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新用法用法举例举例一随主一随主直 接 引 语 中直 接 引 语 中的 第 一 人 称的 第 一 人 称根 据 间

2、 接 引根 据 间 接 引语 中 的 主 语语 中 的 主 语作 相 应 的 变作 相 应 的 变化化He said,“We love our country.”He said that they love their country.他说他们热爱自己的国家。他说他们热爱自己的国家。She said to me,“I have left my books in your room.”She told me she had left her books in my room.她对我说她把书落在我屋里了。她对我说她把书落在我屋里了。用法用法举例举例二随宾二随宾直接引语中的第二直接引语中的第二人称根

3、据间接引语人称根据间接引语中的主句的宾语作中的主句的宾语作相应的变化相应的变化Tom asked me,“Are you a teacher?”Tom asked me if I was a teacher.汤姆问我是否是一名老师。汤姆问我是否是一名老师。He asked me,“Do you have a computer?”He asked me if I had a computer.他问我是否有计算机。他问我是否有计算机。用法用法举例举例第三人称不更新第三人称不更新直接引语中的第三直接引语中的第三人称在间接引语中人称在间接引语中不发生变化不发生变化Bill said,“She is m

4、y elder sister.”Bill said that she was his elder sister.比尔说她是他的姐姐。比尔说她是他的姐姐。The teacher told Marys parents,“Mary is a good girl.She is always ready to help others.”The teacher told Marys parents that Mary was a good girl and she was always ready to help others.老师告诉玛丽的父母说，玛丽是一个好女老师告诉玛丽的父母说，玛丽是一个好女孩，她

5、总是乐于助人。孩，她总是乐于助人。(二二)时态的变化时态的变化直接引语直接引语间接间接引语引语例句例句一 般 现 在一 般 现 在时时一 般 过一 般 过去时去时Tom said,“I usually get up at six.”Tom said(that)he usually got up at six.汤姆说他通常六点起床。汤姆说他通常六点起床。一 般 过 去一 般 过 去时时过 去 完过 去 完成时成时Mike told me,“I walked to school yesterday.”Mike told me he had walked to school the day befo

6、re.迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语例句例句现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时Nina told me,“Linda is watching TV at home.”Nina told me(that)Linda was watching TV at home.尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时She said,“I will see you at the same place tomorrow.”She said(that)she would see me at

7、the same place the next day.她说她第二天要在同一个地点见她说她第二天要在同一个地点见我。我。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语例句例句现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时Betty said,“I have worked in this factory for over ten years.”Betty said(that)she had worked in that factory for over ten years.贝蒂说她在那家工厂工作有十多年贝蒂说她在那家工厂工作有十多年了。了。过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时Bob told me,“I had

8、 lived here for years before I moved out.”Bob told me that he had lived there for years before he moved out.鲍勃告诉鲍勃告诉我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。(三三)指示代词、时间和地点等变化指示代词、时间和地点等变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语时间状语nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthent

9、hat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next daythe next week直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语地点状语地点状语herethere方向性动词方向性动词bringcometakego三、直接引语与间接引语的转换三、直接引语与间接引语的转换用法用法例句例句(1)如果直接如果直接引语是陈述引语是陈述句，变成间句，变成间接引语时，接引语时，引导词用引导词用that，但在口语中但在口语中通常省略，通常省略，时态、人称时态、人称和状语都应和状语都应作相应的变作相应的变化化“Im

10、 a teacher.”she said.She said that she was a teacher.她说她是一名教师。她说她是一名教师。Bill said to me,“I like English very much.”Bill told me that he liked English very much.比尔告诉我说他非常喜欢英语。比尔告诉我说他非常喜欢英语。Betty said,“I am going to buy a bike tomorrow.”Betty said(that)she was going to buy a bike the next day.贝蒂说她第二天要买

11、一辆自行车。贝蒂说她第二天要买一辆自行车。用法用法例句例句(2)如果是一般疑问如果是一般疑问句，要 用 连 词句，要 用 连 词whether或或if引导，引导，后面用陈述语序，后面用陈述语序，时态、人称和状语时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化都应作相应的变化“Are you a student？”Ann asked.Ann asked me whether(if)I was a student.安问我是否是一名学生。安问我是否是一名学生。The teacher asked me,“Can you swim?”The teacher asked me whether(if)I could swi

12、m.老师问我是否会游泳。老师问我是否会游泳。用法用法例句例句(3)如果直接引语是如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，要用特殊疑问句，要用相应的疑问词相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when等引导，助等引导，助动词动词do,does或或did要舍弃，并把疑问要舍弃，并把疑问语序改为陈述语序语序改为陈述语序“What are you doing?”my father asked.My father asked what I was doing.爸爸问我在做什么。爸爸问我在做什么。“When did you come here?”he asked.He asked me when I wen

13、t there.他问我什么时候去那儿。他问我什么时候去那儿。用法用法例句例句(4)如果直接引语是如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接祈使句，变为间接引语时多用引语时多用“名词名词（代词）（代词）+不定式不定式”结构，否定句在结构，否定句在to前面加前面加not;引述动引述动词常用词常用ask“请求请求”，t e l l“告 诉告 诉”，order“命令命令”等等“Please sit down.”Jim said to me.Jim asked me to sit down.吉姆请我坐下。吉姆请我坐下。“Dont make any noise.”the teacher told us.The tea

14、cher told us not to make any noise.老师告诉我们别出声。老师告诉我们别出声。按要求改写句子按要求改写句子1.(2012安顺中考安顺中考)“Jack,can you help with the dinner?”Jacks mother asked.（改成间接引语）（改成间接引语）Jack was asked _ he _ help with the dinner.答案：答案：if;could2.(2012孝感中考孝感中考)A:The teacher said to the students,“Dont take mobile phones to school.”

15、（改为同义句）（改为同义句）B:The teacher told the students _ _ take mobile phones to school.3.(2011济南中考济南中考)My friend asked me“Can you make fruit salad?”(改写句子，句意不变改写句子，句意不变)My friend asked me _ I _ make fruit salad.答案：答案：2.not to 3.if;could4.(2011上海中考上海中考)Are there any new markets in Asia?The sales manager wants to know.(合并为一句合并为一句)The sales manager wants to know _ there _ any new markets in Asia.5.(2011乐山中考乐山中考)“Will you please open the window?”she said to him.(将直接引语改为间接引语将直接引语改为间接引语)She _ him _ open the window.答案：答案：4.if;are 5.asked;to