高中语法专题第5讲·形容词和副词的用法 导学案 -2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项.docx

1、第五讲形容词和副词的用法教学目标（一） 了解形容词的常见后缀及分类（二） 明确形容词在句中的位置和作用（重点）（三） 掌握分词形容词的用法规则（四） 了解副词的分类及在句中的位置作用（难点）（五） 掌握形容词变副词的规则（重点）（六） 常见副词的区分（七） 了解连接性副词的用法及其与并列连词的区分（难点）考情梳理1形容词和副词之间、形容词变名词的词性转换是语篇填空的考查重点2形容词和副词的误用是短文改错的考查重点3形容词和副词的比较等级仍是考查热点，但不再仅仅考查其结构，还考查考生在具体语境中对比较含义的体会4考生应掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成方法知识讲解（一）形容词的用法1. 形容词

2、的用法 1形容词的句法作用 2常见的形容词后缀 3分词形容词的用法 4形容词句型结构1 副词的句法作用1. 形容词的概念 1形容词的句法作用 2常见的形容词后缀 3分词形容词的用法 4形容词句型结构1 副词的句法作用2. 形容词的分类 1形容词的句法作用 2常见的形容词后缀 3分词形容词的用法 4形容词句型结构1 副词的句法作用3. 形容词的用法 1形容词的句法作用 2常见的形容词后缀 3分词形容词的用法 4形容词句型结构1 副词的句法作用4. 分词形容词的用法 1形容词的句法作用 2常见的形容词后缀 3分词形容词的用法 4形容词句型结构1 副词的句法作用1、概念：形容词是描述人或物的性质、状

3、态或特征的词；2、形容词的分类： 1）形容词具有独特的后缀形式； 名词/动词 + ful：如careful, thankful, powerful, peaceful, harmful, successful, grateful, respectful 名词/动词 + less：如homeless, careless, useless, helpless, harmless 动词 + ive：如active, creative, effective, positive, negative, impressive 名词 + ous：如dangerous, poisonous, serious,

4、curious, various 动词 + able/ible：如valuable, comfortable, acceptable, reliable 名词 + al：如natural, environmental, special, cultural, official 名词 + y：如healthy, wealthy, sunny, cloudy, worthy, noisy, juicy, tasty, smelly 国家名称 + an：如American, Asian, Italian 材料名词 + en：如wooden, golden, woolen 动词/名词 + ant/ent

5、：如important, confident, different, patient, frequent 2）以-ly结尾的貌似副词的形容词； 如：friendly, silly, lovely, lively, elderly, deadly, brotherly, manly, motherly等 3）以ing/ed结尾的分词形容词； 如：interesting, excited, shocking, boring, tired, developed, fallen, broken等动词或名词变形容词形容词后缀意义例词-ant/ent表特征differ-_patience-_please-

6、_-able表“能的”value-_comfort-_change-_-ful表“充满的”care-_help-_use-_hope-_thank-_meaning-_color-_cheer-_fear-_harm-_pain-_power-_beauty-_-tive表倾向act-_create-_-al表性质culture-_nature-_music-_education-_person-_tradition-_-ic表性质history-_base-_science-_energy-_-y表天气health-_noise-_cloud-_rain-_sun-_wind-_-ly表“如

7、般的”friend-_like-_month-_brother-_-an表国籍或地区America-_Canada-_India-_Australia-_-ese表国籍或地区China-_Japan-_-ed(过去分词)表状态或情感态度speak-_break-_gift-_talent-_interest-_Please-_surprise-_worry-_-ing(现在分词)表状态或情感态度excite-_bore-_tire-_amaze-_-ern表方位East-_South-_West-_North-_-en表材料wool-_wood-_gold-_形容词的反义词前缀与后缀前缀后缀例

8、词un-comfortable-uncomfortable happy-unhappyfriendly-unfriendly important-unimportantable-unable likely-unlikelylucky-unlucky necessary-unnecessarycrowded-uncrowded familiar-unfamiliarhealthy-unhealthy usual-unusualdis-honest-dishonest im-possible-impossible patient-impatientpolite-impolitein-expensi

9、ve-inexpensive correct-incorrectir-regular-irregular-lesscareful-careless useful-uselesshelpful-helpless hopeful-hopelessend-endless meaningful-meaningless随堂训练（一）（一） 写出下列单词的形容词形式gift-_differ-_use-_excite-_rain-_act-_change-_power-_worry-_harm-_speak-_China-_surprise-_amaze-_help-_patience-_create-_e

10、ducation-_hope-_Canada-_North-_interest-_bore-_wool-_beauty-_tire-_tradition-_month-_music-_wood-_friend-_health-_（二） 写出下列形容词的反义词形式happy-_possible-_usual-_careful-_healthy-_helpful-_friendly-_likely-_honest-_patient-_comfortable-_necessary-_end-_useful-_crowded-_regular-_3、形容词的用法：v 【例句探究】找到下列例句中的形容词

11、，分析该形容词在作句中什么成分。1. Harbin is a nice city in north China.2. The tea is very strong.3. Dont make your parents angry.4. Tired and hungry, he had to stop working.总结回顾： 语法点拨1）作定语：修饰名词，说明其性质、特征等；This is an ugly painting.2）作表语：与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征； The bike is very expensive. You dont look quite well. It

12、s almost impossible for us to get there on time.3）作补足语：1）宾语补足语：在复合宾语结构中，形容词作宾补说明宾语的性质、状态或特征； The teacher kept us busy preparing our lessons. 2）主语补足语：在被动语态中，说明主语的性质、状态或特征； The artist was born poor.4）作状语：形容词作状语表示伴随、原因、结果、让步等； They got home, cold and hungry. Unable to answer the question, he said nothi

13、ng.随堂训练（二）n 找出下列句子的形容词，并判断其属于哪种结构？1) She sounded more confident than she felt.2) They made what they could to make her feel happy.3) Have you got everything ready for the coming journey?4) Their heart-broken mother receives news about her dead sons on the same day.5) Seeing the positive side of thin

14、gs doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.6) You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the UK enjoyable and worthwhile.n 找出下列例句中的错误，并划横线后改正。1) Sometimes I will make simply mistakes.2) We do all the things we could to make her comfortably.3) I am sure we would have a wonder

15、fully time together.4) He was very happily about his purchase and the price was reasonable.5) His teacher took a deeply drink, smiled warmly and thanked his students very much for the water. 4、分词形容词的用法：分词形容词是由-ed和-ing结尾的形容词，属于非谓语动词中分词。其中doing是现在分词，而done是过去分词。在判断这类词的用法选择时，有两种判断标准。u 1. -ed表示完成，被动；-ing

16、表示进行，主动(1) China is a _(develop) country while the UK is a _(develop) contry.(2) Since you are badly ill, you should drink more _(boil) water.(3) Seeing the _(fall) leaves, we know that the autumn is coming.(4) We climbed to the top of the mountain early in the morning to see the _(rise) sun.(5) Pro

17、fessor Lee is a _(learn) and _(experience) man.u 2. -ed表示“感到的”（修饰人的情感状态）；-ing表示“令人的”（修饰人或物的特点状态）(1) The _(shock) news made us all _(surprise).(2) All of us were _(move) to tears at the sorrowful story.(3) Most of middle school students are _(interest) in the _(excite) basketball match.随堂训练（三）l 分词形容词

18、专项训练1) I was _(bore) of the _(bore) lecture.2) I find the shopping very _（bore）. I get very _(bore) in supermarkets. 3) I am _ in science. I think its very _.(interest)4) The _children went to bed early after the trip. （tire）5) The bad weather made the trip_. （tire）6) Toms parents are _ at his _ res

19、ults of the exams（disappoint）7) _and angry, he left the meeting-room. （disappoint）8) It is _that he didnt pass the examination（disappoint）9) When hearing the_ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were _ to look at each other. （surprise）10) Im not _with his interpretation of this sentence. （sa

20、tisfy）11) A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a_ look on his face. （frighten）12) The atmosphere here is _and we are_. （encourage）13) I dont find basketball _. I only get _ when I wash football. (excite)14) He said he was _(please) with the progress of economy, but I found some of what h

21、e said was _ (worry).15) He was _with the _person. (annoy)16) Seeing the _(frighten) teacher , all the students kept silent, _(frighten).17) The _(puzzle) look on the boys face suggested that he had great difficulty in working out the problem.随堂演练（四）（一）语篇填空1If we know that gossip can be _ (harm)，the

22、n why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us.2He did not compromise easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a _ (worth)cause.3Im so _(grate) to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.4The weat

23、her forecast says it will be _ (cloud)with a slight chance of rain later tonight. 5Im a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an _(educate)consultant. 6We do think that you can live a more _(power) life when you devote some of your time and energy to someth

24、ing much larger than yourself. 7I want to prove that I can teach myself a _(respect)profession，without going to college，and be just as good as，if not better than，my competitors.（二）单句改错8I noticed the carriage was noise and filled with people.9The fruit are small in size, but juicy and taste.10After w

25、aiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently.11I found the test difficulty, but I tried hard to do it.12A sudden stop can be a very frightened experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed. 13The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as a

26、dults was surprisingly sharply. 14In fact，women are less like to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.15On the 20th of that month，Dr.Welch examined a Sick boy，Billy，and knew he had diphtheria，a dead infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children. （二）副词的用法副词的用法1 副词的概念2 副词的分类4形容词和副词

27、的变形5常见副词辨析3 副词的用法及位置1、概念：副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态的词，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语、非谓语动词乃至整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念；2、副词的分类：根据其意义和语法功能副词可分为以下几类1）时间副词： 表示发生时间的副词 now; then; just now; later; right then; right away; tonight; recently等等 表示频繁程度的副词 always; constantly; continually; ever; frequently; never等等 其他时间副词 already; early

28、; finally; late; first等等2）地点副词：表示地点和位置的副词称为地点副词；如abroad; ahead; away; back; down; downstairs; downtown; eastward; anywhere等等；3）方式副词：描述事情或情况的进行、存在方式，情绪、动作发生的情况或其细节的副词为方式副词； 如angrily; anxiously; badly; calmly; carefully; carelessly; clearly; closely; dangerously等等；4）程度副词：用来描述动作、行为或状态程度的副词称为程度副词； 如abso

29、lutely; almost; amazingly; enormously; enough; entirely; extremely; fairly; fully等等；5）评论副词：用来对主句中陈述的观点进行评论的副词称为评论副词； 如luckily; unluckily; happily; unhappily; generally; fortunately; unfortunately; innocently; honestly等等；6）疑问副词：疑问副词主要用来构成特殊疑问句； 如where; when; why; how; whenever; wherever等等；7）连接副词：用来连接

30、两个句子，表示上下文之间的关系；或者引导名词性从句和不定式； 如therefore; moreover; besides; however; otherwise; then（然后）; though（但是）等等；8）关系副词：关系副词主要用来引导定语从句； 如where; when; why;（只此三个）9）语气副词： 如still, even, yet; no; certainly; sure; really等；2、副词的用法及其位置u 副词作_：可以修饰_、_、_和_【例句探究】1) I can hardly remeber what he said yesterday so I didnt

31、 totally finish the work.2) The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others bindly.3) All of the listeners were listening to him carefully.4) Tom and Susan are very good friends. But neither Tom nor Susan can swim quite well.5) Fortunately, everything work

32、ed out all right in the end.6) This is exactly what he said.随堂演练（五）l 阅读下列例句，并找出句中的副词，分析副词的位置1) The young man fought with the thief bravely.2) Hopefully, well arrive before dark.3) We used to see each other regularly, but I havent heard from him since last year.4) Students brave enough to take the ad

33、venture course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.5) Strangely enough, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.6) Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally friendly.l 找出下列例句中的错误，并划横线后改正1. Dad and I were terrible w

34、orried.2. If we leave right away, hopeful we will arrive on time.3. Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain industry.4. Nobody entering a university knows exact what they want to study.5. They gave money to the peoples home either personal or through their companies.6. The girl u

35、sed to be shy, but its gradual getting active in group work and is more willing to express herserlf.7. Regardless of your choice of course, youll develop your language ability both quickly and effective.8. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said sharp, “Dont be so mean.” pointing a fi

36、nger of warning at her.4、副词的变形规律 许多副词都是在形容词后直接加后缀-ly构成的。careful carefully, quick quickly, safe safely, slow slowly, actual actually 【注意】以-e结尾和以-l的单词直接加ly 以-le结尾的形容词需要去掉e再加y。gentle gently, possible possibly, comfortable comfortably 以-y结尾的形容词把y变成i，再加-ly。easy easily, happy happily, heavy heavily, busy busily, lucky luckily 以-ic结尾的形容词直接加allybasic basically, scientific scientifically, public public ally 以-ll结尾的形容词只加yfull fully, small smally shy的副词形式为shyly；true的副词形式为truly；good的副词形式为well；late的副词形式为laterhard, early, fast的副词形式不变随堂演练（六）一、形容词变副词并写出中文意思。1. possible-(adv)_2.terrible-(adv)_ fortable-(adv)_