江苏省无锡市一中2020—2021学年高三上学期开学考试（解析版）.doc

1、 无锡市第一中学无锡市第一中学 2020202020212021 学年度第一学期初检测试卷学年度第一学期初检测试卷 高三英语高三英语 注意事项：注意事项： 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求：考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求： 1 1本试卷满分为本试卷满分为 150150 分，考试时间为分，考试时间为 120120 分钟。分钟。 2 2答卷前，务必将姓名、班级、学号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。答卷前，务必将姓名、班级、学号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 3 3请用请用 0.50.5 毫米黑色签字笔按题号在答题卡指定区域作答，在其它位置作答一律无效。毫米黑色签字笔按题号在答题

2、卡指定区域作答，在其它位置作答一律无效。 一听力一听力 第一节第一节 听下面听下面 5 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A A、B B、C C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 1010 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小小题。每段对话仅读一遍。题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What does the man always do on Saturday? A. See a film. B. Hav

3、e a class. C. Review his notes. 2. How does the woman deal with difficult lectures? A. By recording them. B. By talking with lecturers. C. By attending them again. 3. Where will the man fetch his notebook? A. In the library. B. In the classroom. C. In the teachers office. 4. What kind of music does

4、the man often listen to? A. Jazz music. B. Classical music. C. Rock music. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Sarahs happy retirement. B. The mans art classes. C. Their hobbies. 第二节第二节 听下面听下面 5 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A A、B B、C C 三个选项中三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试

5、卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题每小题 5 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第听下面一段对话，回答第 6 6 和第和第 7 7 两个小题。两个小题。 6. Why does the man apologize to the woman? A. He lost her dictionary. B. He made her desk dirty. C. H

6、e damaged her glasses. 7. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Buy her an ice cream. B Look up some new words. C. Tidy up her desk carefully. 听下面一段对话，回答第听下面一段对话，回答第 8 8 和第和第 9 9 两个小题。两个小题。 8. What makes the man change his appointment? A. An unexpected visitor. B. His urgent problem at work. C.

7、The traffic due to the bad weather. 9. When will the man meet Dr. Martin? A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday. 听下面一段对话，回答第听下面一段对话，回答第 1010 至第至第 1212 三个小题。三个小题。 10. What can people enjoy in Richmond? A. Local foods. B. Local artworks. C. Local shopping centers. 11. How far away is Sun Valle

8、y from Richmond? A. 5 minutes walk. B. 10 minutes walk. C. 15 minutes bike ride. 12. Where do the speakers decide to stay? A. In a tent. B. In a hotel. C. In a villagers house. 听下面一段对话，回答第听下面一段对话，回答第 1313 至第至第 1616 四个小题。四个小题。 13. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student.

9、 B. Journalist and sportsman. C. Interviewer and job applicant. 14.What does the man think of a teachers work? A. Easy. B. Boring. C. Challenging. 15.What does the man like doing best? A. Playing sports. B. Watching sports. C. Teaching sports. 16.What does the man value most about doing sports? A. T

10、each the young important life lessons. B. Try to maintain mental well- being. C. Make efforts to keep physically fit. 听下面一段独白，回答第听下面一段独白，回答第 1717 至第至第 2020 四个小题。四个小题。 17. What does Voltermans Smart Wallet focus on? A. The function. B. The design. C. The security. 18.What will inform you of your phon

11、e and wallet being apart? A. The alarm. B. The camera. C. The GPS tracker. 19.What can you receive if someone opens your wallet secretly? A. A picture of him. B. A voice from the phone. C. A message from the wallet. 20.Why is Voltermans Smart Wallet suitable for travel? A. It doesnt need to recharge

12、. B. It is light and easy to carry. C. It has a large capacity for pictures. 二、阅读理解二、阅读理解 第一节第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A A、B B、C C 和和 D D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A Basic Study Manual Hard cover: $37.50 Future success depends on the ability to learn. Here are the answers to the questions mo

13、st often asked by parents, teachers, business trainers and by students themselves. Read this book and learn: What the three barriers to study are and what to do about them What to do if you get tired of the subject you are studying Twentysix simple drills to help you learn how to study easily, rapid

14、ly and with full understanding Buy and read Basic Study Manual and use it to dramatically improve your ability to study. Study Skills for Life Hard cover: $31.99 L.Ron Hubbards study technology for teenagers opens the door to their future success by giving them the ability to study and learn, fully

15、illustrated for easy comprehension. Learning How to Learn Hard cover: $24.99 The basics of effective study for 8- to 12 - year - olds is fully illustrated. Children who read and apply the materials in this book regain their liking for study and their ability to apply this knowledge to life. Get this

16、 book for a child you want to see wins at his studies! How to Use a Dictionary: Picture Book for Children Hardcover: $34.90 In spite of millions of dollars spent on “educational research”, children are not taught the most basic skills of learning even the most basic of these: how to use a dictionary

17、. In fact, a search of educational books for children found no book that told them how to use a dictionary or that one should. Written for children from 8 to 12 years old, this fully illustrated book will teach your children: How to find words in a dictionary The different ways that words are used W

18、hat the different marks and symbols that are used in a dictionary mean How to use a dictionary to correctly pronounce words It includes a section for parents and teachers showing you how to use this book with children. Buy this book and give it to your children to unlock their education. Whats more,

19、 youll just pay 50% for it before May 1,2016. 1. What do the four books have in common? A. They are all for 8 - to 12 - years - olds B. They are all written by L,Ron Hubbard C. They are all study books D. They are all based on educational research 2. If you buy the four books on April 1, 2016, you w

20、ill have to pay _ for them. A. $129.38 B. $64.69 C. $34.90 D. $111.93 3. The purpose of the passage is to _. A. introduce the four books to readers B. help children to learn English C. provide the four books to students D. enrich students knowledge about nature 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文是一则广告

21、，向学生介绍四本书，希望学生购买。 【1 题详解】细节理解题。根据四本书的名字“Basic Study Manual, Study Skills for Life, Learning How to Learn, Learning How to Learn”可知，他们都是学习的书，故选 C。 【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Whats more, youll just pay 50% for it before May 1, 2006.”可知， “How to Use a Dictionary: Picture Book for Children Hardcover: $34.90”

22、这本书在 5月之前买， 只要半价， $17.45。 所以四本书的价格总和：$37.50+$31.99+$24.99+$17.45=$111.93，故选 D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。 根据最后一段Buy this book and give it to your children to unlock their education. Whats more, youll just pay 50% for it before May 1,2016. 可知，本文是一则广告，向学生介绍四本书，希望学生购 买，故选 A。 B B Why elephants rarely get cancer is a

23、 mystery that has confused scientists for decades. A study was led by researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) at the University of Utah and Arizona State University, including researchers from the Ringling Bros. Center for Elephant Conservation may have found the answer. According to the resu

24、lts, elephants have 38 additional modified copies of a gene (基因) that encodes p53, a well- defined tumor (肿瘤) suppressor, as compared to humans, who have only two. Further, elephants may have a more powerful mechanism for killing damaged cells that are at risk for becoming cancerous. In isolated ele

25、phant cells, this activity is doubled compared to healthy human cells, and five times that of cells from patients with Li- Fraumeni Syndrome, who have only one working copy of p53 and more than a 90 percent lifetime cancer risk in children and adults. The results suggest extra p53 could explain elep

26、hants increased resistance to cancer. “Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer. Its up to us to learn how different animals overcome the problem so we can adapt those strategies to prevent cancer in people,” says co- senior author Joshua Schiffman, M.D., pediatric oncologist (肿瘤学家) at H

27、untsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, and Primary Childrens Hospital. According to Schiffman, elephants have long been considered a walking problem. Because they have 100 times as many cells as people, they should be 100 times more likely to have a cell slip into a cancero

28、us state and cause the disease over their long life span of 50 to 70 years. And yet its believed that elephants get cancer less often, a theory confirmed in this study. Analysis of a large database of elephant deaths estimates a cancer death rate of less than 5 percent compared to 11 to 25 percent i

29、n people. 4. Why do humans often get cancer compared to elephants according to the passage? A. Elephants are bigger than humans. B. Elephants have more p53 than humans. C. Elephants are not as clever as humans. D. Elephants eat more than humans. 5. Which of the following is right according to the pa

30、ssage? A. Some damaged cells may be dangerous. B. Some damaged cells are not dangerous. C. Some damaged cells cant be cancerous. D. Some damaged cells in elephants bodies are more dangerous than those in humans bodies. 6. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Elephants have more cells than pe

31、ople. B. Elephants can get cancer easily. C. Elephants seldom die from cancer. D. Elephants often die from cancer. 7. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Elephants help us B. Learn from Nature C. How to deal with cancer D. Nature helps us prevent cancer 【答案】4. B 5. A 6.

32、C 7. D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大象患癌症的几率要远远低于人类，从科学的角度对大象和人 类的体内细胞和一些基因进行了对比来说明。 【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中 According to the results, elephants have 38 additional modified copies of a gene that encodes p53, a well- defined tumor suppressor, as compared to humans, who have only two.（根据研究 结果，与只有两个 p53 基因的人类相比，大象多了

33、 38 个编码 p53 基因的修改副本。p53 是一种定义明确的 肿瘤抑制因子。 ）可知，大象有 38个基因 p53，而人类只有两个，所以大象有更强大的机制来杀死受损有癌 变危险的细胞。故选 B。 【5 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中 Further, elephants may have a more powerful mechanism for killing damaged cells that are at risk for becoming cancerous.可知，有些受损细胞会有癌变的危险。故选 A。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 And yet its beli

34、eved that elephants get cancer less often, a theory confirmed in this study. Analysis of a large database of elephant deaths estimates a cancer death rate of less than 5 percent compared to 11 to 25 percent in people.（然而，据信大象患癌症的几率较低，这一理论在这项研究中得到了证实。对一个 大型大象死亡数据库的分析估计，大象的癌症死亡率低于 5%，而人类的癌症死亡率为 11%至 2

35、5%。 ）可知， 大象患癌症的几率要远远低于人类。故选 C。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。 根据文章第一段Why elephants rarely get cancer is a mystery that has confused scientists for decades. A study was led by researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) at the University of Utah and Arizona State University, including researchers from the Ringling

36、 Bros. Center for Elephant Conservation may have found the answer.（为什么大象很少患癌症是一个困扰了科学家几十年的谜。犹他大学和亚利桑那州立大学 亨茨曼癌症研究所(HCI)的研究人员，包括林林兄弟大象保护中心的研究人员，领导了一项研究，可能已经 找到了答案。 ）以及文章主要讲述了大象患癌症的几率要远远低于人类，从科学的角度对大象和人类的体内 细胞和一些基因进行了对比来说明。 体现了大自然帮助人类预防癌症。 分析选项可知 A. Elephants help us“大 象帮助我们”，文章并未说明大象直接帮助了人类，而是人类通过研究发

37、现大象身上有助于预防癌症的细 胞，故 A 选项不能体现文章主要内容；B. Learn from Nature“向大自然学习”范围太过宽泛，且没有体现文 章中提到的大象身上提取的有助于预防癌细胞的事情，故排除 B 选项；C. How to deal with cancer“如何解 决癌症”，文章没有提到直接解决癌症的方法，故不符合文章标题，排除 C选项；D. Nature helps us prevent cancer“大自然帮助我们预防癌症”能够体现文章主要内容，故选 D。 【点睛】主旨大意题的做题技巧。 1) 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。 2) 找准文

38、章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：读首句抓大 意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意。 3.) 无明显主题句时高频信息词，任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之 一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 如第四小题， 根据文章第一段 Why elephants rarely get cancer is a mystery that has confused scientists for decades. A study was led by researchers at Huntsman

39、Cancer Institute (HCI) at the University of Utah and Arizona State University, including researchers from the Ringling Bros. Center for Elephant Conservation may have found the answer.（为什么大象很少患癌症是一个困扰了科学家几十年的谜。犹他大学和亚利桑那州立大学亨茨曼癌 症研究所(HCI)的研究人员，包括林林兄弟大象保护中心的研究人员，领导了一项研究，可能已经找到了答 案。 ）以及文章主要讲述了大象患癌症的几率要

40、远远低于人类，从科学的角度对大象和人类的体内细胞和一 些基因进行了对比来说明。体现了大自然帮助人类预防癌症。分析选项可知 A. Elephants help us“大象帮助 我们”，文章并未说明大象直接帮助了人类，而是人类通过研究发现大象身上有助于预防癌症的细胞，故 A 选项不符合文章主要内容；B. Learn from Nature“向大自然学习”范围太过宽泛，且没有体现文章中提到的 大象身上提取的有助于预防癌细胞的事情，故排除 B选项；C. How to deal with cancer“如何解决癌症”， 文章没有提到直接解决癌症的方法，故不符合文章标题。排除 C 选项；D. Nature

41、 helps us prevent cancer“大 自然帮助我们预防癌症”能够体现文章主要内容，故选 D。 C C One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path .Thats when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Ren

42、ault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks. Ceelys near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS (导航仪). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying o

43、n her GPS but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train,” she told the BBC. Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceelys story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of t

44、echnology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And its not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards. The pr

45、oblem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map- maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities

46、are at fault for poor singalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesnt say. Its a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the

47、advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer- based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe its also due to t

48、he shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors. The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology. If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for jus