状语从句 讲解ppt课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项.pptx

1、状语从句的定义状语从句的定义我我 在妈妈出去的时候在妈妈出去的时候 吃吃 榴莲。榴莲。主语主语时间状语从句时间状语从句秒懂时间状语从句秒懂时间状语从句时间时间状语状语谓语谓语主语主语when my mother was out.句子句子 I ate durian yesterday.我我 昨天昨天 吃吃 榴莲。榴莲。Iate谓语谓语宾语宾语宾语宾语durian时间状语时间状语状语从句的定义状语从句的定义我我 在在(我我)买榴莲的地方买榴莲的地方 吃吃 榴莲。榴莲。主语主语地点状语从句地点状语从句秒懂地点状语从句秒懂地点状语从句地点地点状语状语谓语谓语主语主语where I bought it.

2、句子句子 I ate durian at home.我我 在家里在家里 吃吃 榴莲。榴莲。Iate谓语谓语宾语宾语宾语宾语durian地点状语地点状语一一 、状语从句概念：、状语从句概念：由一个句子充当状语，表明谓语动作或谓语状态发由一个句子充当状语，表明谓语动作或谓语状态发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、结果、目的、方式生的时间、地点、原因、条件、结果、目的、方式等情况，叫状语从句，该句子常用连词引导。等情况，叫状语从句，该句子常用连词引导。Eg:1)He was tired for a long walk.2)He was tired because he walked long.3)You

3、should take an umbralla with you in case of rain.4)You should take an umbralla with you in case it will rain.原因状语原因状语从句让步状语让步状语从句二、状语从句位置二、状语从句位置 ：主前从后主前从后没逗号没逗号，从前主后，从前主后有一个逗有一个逗，从在主中需从在主中需俩逗逗俩逗逗。Eg:1)I was reading a book when he came in.2)When he came in,I was reading a book.3)I was,when he came i

4、n,reading a book.三、状语从句分类1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.让步状语从句6.目的状语从句7.结果状语从句8.方式状语从句9.比较状语从句常见考点：常见考点：考点一：考点一：主句与从句的主句与从句的时态呼应时态呼应问题；问题；考点二：考点二：连接词（引导词）连接词（引导词）的选择的选择；考点三：考点三：状语从句与状语从句与介词短语（状语）介词短语（状语）之间的之间的替换替换；考点四：考点四：状语从句的状语从句的倒装结构。倒装结构。（Not until.;hardly/scarcelywhen；no soonerthan等）等）（一）时间状

5、语从句when while as before aftertill/until sinceas soon as普通连词特殊连词the momentthe minutethe secondthe instantevery/each timenext timeany timeby the timethe first timeimmediatelydirectlyinstantly.when、while、as 当当.时时候候当连词后面的动作，能够持续一段时间都可用；His phone rang when/while/as he was sleeping.当他睡觉的时候，他的电话响了。当连词后面的动作

6、，是一个短暂的动作时只能用when/as；His phone rang when/as he opened his eyes.当他睁开眼睛时，他的电话铃响了。.when、while、as 当当.时时候候when可以表示“正在.突然.”；I was walking in the park when suddenly it started to rain.我正在公园里散步，突然开始下雨了。while可表示两件事的“对比”；I was doing the dishes while my husband was watching TV.我在洗碗的时候，而我丈夫在看电视。句型结构:be doing.wh

7、en.when、while、as 当当.时时候候 as表示“一边.一边.；随着”；He talked as he walked along the street.他一边沿着街道走一边说话。As time passed,things seemed to get better随着时间的推移，情况似乎也开始好转了。.before 在在.之前之前;after在在.之后之后;since自从自从.before“在.之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前;Before they got to the bus stop,the bus had gone.在他们到达公共汽车站之前，公共汽车已经走了。afte

8、r“在.之后”表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后;I will go to play basketball after I finish my homework.我做完作业后将会去打篮球。【口诀】after+前发生的动作；before+后发生的动作。.before 在在.之前之前;after在在.之后之后;since自从自从.since“自从.”主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。We havent seen each other since we parted.我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。【注】It is/has been+一段时间+since从句，表示“自从.以来，已经有多久时间了”

9、。It has been five years since we last met each other.自从我们最后一次见面，已经有五年了。It was/will be+时间段+before从句，表示“过.才.”。It will three years before we finish the task.三年后我们将完成此任务。.till/until直到直到;not(.)until.直到直到.才才.I will wait till/until he arrives.我会等到他到达为止。Stay here till/until I come back.待在这里直到我回来。I didnt fin

10、ish my homework until he came.直到他来了，我才完成我的作业。才直到.till/until直到直到;not(.)until.直到直到.才才.当否定的连词/词组放句首时，主句要用部分倒装；Not until he came back did I finish my homework.直到他回来我才完成作业。当改成强调句(即不放句首)时，不倒装；It was not until he came back that I finished my homework.【口诀】主(句)倒，从(句)不倒。IV.as soon as 一一.就就.；by the time 到到.时为止

11、时为止I will call you as soon as I arrive.我一到就给你打电话。By the time I got to the station,the train had already left.在我到达火车站时，火车已经离开了。.the moment/minute/second/instant 一一.就就.each/every/next/any time每次每次/每次每次/下一次下一次/任何时候任何时候the first time 第一次第一次The minute I saw her,I fell in love.我一看到她就爱上了。He will leave for

12、Europe every time spring comes out.每当春天到来时，他就前往欧洲。Next time I see him,I will tell him the news.下次我见到他时我会告诉他这个消息。She fell in love with the city the first time she visited it.她第一次参观这座城市时就爱上了它。.instantly/immediately/directly一一.就就.；立即立即;马上马上The dog barked instantly the stranger approached.陌生人一靠近，狗立刻就叫了。

13、He started to work immediately he got to the office.他一到达办公室就开始工作。I will call you directly I arrive at the destination.我一到达目的地就会给你打电话。.hardly/scarcely.when.;no sooner.than.一一.就就.否定词置于句首用部分倒装，前倒后不倒。No sooner+had+sb.+done.+than+sb.+didHardly/Scarcely+had+sb.+done.+when+sb.+did原句：I had hardly stepped in

14、to the house when the phone rang.我刚一走进屋子，电话就响了。倒装：Hardly had I stepped into the house when the phone rang.原句：I had no sooner reached the station than the train left.倒装：No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.部分倒装部分倒装原句:I didnt finish my work until he came back.倒装:Not until he came ba

15、ck did I finish my work.原句:I had hardly entered the room when the phone rang.倒装:Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang时间状语强调时间状语，主句助动词前置。主句强调主句，主句助动词前置。主倒从不倒前倒后不倒.状语从句时态状语从句时态口诀：主将从现，主祈从现；主情从现，主过从过。主将从现 时间状语从句（when,as,by the time,before,after,as soon as,the moment,until/till等），条件状语从句（if,u

16、nless,not.until/till.,as long as,only if只有等）和让步状语从句（even if,even though,as,though,although等）用一般现在时表示将来，而主句用一般将来时。Eg:1)I will be a doctor to help patients when I grow up.我长大后要成为一名医生帮助病人。2)I will meet you a wish if you pass the exam.如果你通过考试我将满足你。3)Although he is in poor condition now,I will believe hi

17、m.尽管他现在状态很糟，但我会相信他。主祈从现 如果主句是祈使句，从句通常用一般现在时。Eg:1)Dont play basketball if you dont finish your homework.如果你没有完成作业就不要去打篮球。=You will not play basketball if you dont finish your homework.2)Never try it again even if you are confident in swimming across the river.It s too dangerous.即使你有信心游过这条河，也绝不要尝试游泳。太

18、危险了。=You will never try it again even if you are confident in.主情从现 如果主句含有情态动词如can,may,must,ought to,should等，从句多用一般现在时。Eg:1)You should keep quiet when you are in the librar 在图书馆你应该保持安静。2)You must feel better after you take this medicine.服了这药你一定会感到好些。3)It cant be long before the rain stops.不久雨可能就会停。主过

19、从过 主句是过去式，从句也要用过去式。Eg:1)When I arrived in Beijing I gave him a call.在我到达北京后就给他打了电话 2)I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.我做饭时他弹琴。3)I read a newspaper while I was waiting.我边等边读报。（二）地点状语从句引引导导词词where 在.地方；anywhere 在每个（任何）地方；wherever 在任何地方；everywhere 在每个地方；I will go where you go.我会去

20、你去的地方。You can find help wherever you look for it.你在哪里寻找帮助，就能在哪里找到。You can go anywhere you like.你可以去你喜欢的任何地方。Everywhere he goes,people respect him.他所到之处，人们都尊敬他。（三）原因状语从句引引导导词词because/as/for 因为；since既然；in that=because；now that=since；because 直接原因；since 通常放句首，译为“既然”；as 不谈自明的原因；for 放句中,引导后半句表原因,或补 充推断的理由

21、,前面一般有逗号。（三）原因状语从句Eg:1)I didnt go out because it was raining.我没出去是因为在下雨。2)As he was tired,he took a rest.因为他累了，所以他休息了一下。3)It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。4)She is a great teacher in that she is very patient.她是一位很棒的老师，因为她非常有耐心。5)Since you have decided to go,I will

22、 support you.既然你已经决定要去，我会支持你的。6)Now that you are here,lets start the work.既然你在这里了，我们开始工作吧。（四）目的状语从句引引导导词词in order that以便，为了；so that 以便，为了；lest/for fear that/in case 以免，以防(一般用在虚拟语气中)；Eg:1)He gets up early every day in order that he can catch the first bus.他每天早起以便能赶上第一班公交车。2)I study hard so that I can

23、 pass the exam.我努力学习以便能通过考试。3)She tiptoed lest she(should)wake up the baby.她踮着脚走以免吵醒婴儿。（四）目的状语从句Eg:4)He locked the door for fear that someone(should)break 他锁上门以防有人闯入。5)Take an umbrella in case it(should)rain.带把伞以防下雨。虚拟语气表示事情虚拟语气表示事情并没有真的发生并没有真的发生；should一般没有实际一般没有实际意义意义,可省略。可省略。（四）目的状语从句Eg:1)He studi

24、es so hard as to get into a state-owned university.他如此努力地学习为了进入一所公立本科大学。2)In order to take that job,you must have left another job.为了去做那份工作，你肯定已经辞去了另一份工。3)In case of fire,we should stay calm and leave as quickly as possible.万一发生火灾，我们应该保持冷静，尽快离开。【注意】以下为【注意】以下为目的状语目的状语 so+形容词形容词/副词副词+as to do sth“为了为了

25、”in order to do sth“为了为了”；“目的是目的是”in case of+名词名词/doing sth“以防；以免以防；以免”（四）目的状语从句so that 既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句:He left early,so that he caught the train.他走得很早，所以赶上了火车 He left early so that he could catch the train.他很早就走了，以便赶上火车。语言环境(说话人想表达的意思)目的状语从句目的状语从句一般有情态动词有情态动词(could/should/might)结果结果目的目的区别区别

26、（五）结果状语从句引引导导词词so/such.that.如此.以至于.；as a result 结果；so that 结果是；so(adv.)：修饰形容词或副词,可以和 many/few/much/little连用;such(adj.)：修饰名词或名词词组。so+形容词/副词+that.+形容词+a/an+名词单数+that.+many/few+名词复数+that.+much/little+不可数名词+that.（五）结果状语从句Eg:1)The box is so heavy that I cant lift it 这个箱子如此重以至于我搬不起来 2)He is such a kind pe

27、rson that everyone likes him.他是如此善良的一个人以至于每个人都喜欢他 3)He didnt study hard,as a result he failed the exam.他学习不努力，结果，他考试不及格 4)She studied hard so that she achieved excellent grades.她努力学习，因此取得了优异的成绩such+a/an+形容词+名词单数+that.+（形容词）+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that.（五）结果状语从句例如：1)He is such a clever boy that all of us like

28、him.2)They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.3)The film is so interesting that I want to see it again.4)He ran so fast that he soon caught up with the others.5)There is so little time left that we have to speed up.6)There were so few students registered that the class was canceled.

29、口诀口诀名前名前such，形、副，形、副so，that从句跟在后，多多少少从句跟在后，多多少少必用必用so，特别注意是，特别注意是little，“小小”用用such，“少少”用用so。（六）条件状语从句引引导导词词if(如果如果)/unless(除非除非)unless=if notonly if(只要只要.)/if only(要是要是.就好了就好了)provided(that)(假如假如);in case(如果如果)as/so long as(只要只要);on condition that(如果如果)1.if(如果如果)/unless(除非除非)=if notI.表示客观事实的句子，无论在什么

30、条件下都用一般现在时。表示客观事实的句子，无论在什么条件下都用一般现在时。If you boil water,it becomes steam.如果你把水烧开，它就会变成蒸汽 if 假如假如;如果如果（六）条件状语从句1.if(如果如果)/unless(除非除非)unless=if not.主句是祈使句或含有情态动词，主句是祈使句或含有情态动词，if从句为现在时。从句为现在时。If you want to read,turn on the lights 如果你要看书，请打开灯。If it rains today,we may stay at home.如果今天下雨，我们可能会待在家里。.表示未

31、来发生的事情时表示未来发生的事情时,主句用一般将来时主句用一般将来时,if从句用一般现在从句用一般现在时时简称为简称为“主将从现主将从现”。If you eat too much,you will put on weight.如果你吃的太多就会长胖。if假如假如;如果如果（六）条件状语从句1.if(如果如果)/unless(除非除非)=if notYoull not know China unless you go closer to it.除非你走近中国，否则你不会了解它 unless=if not（除非；如果不（除非；如果不.）2.if only(要是要是.就好了就好了)/only if(

32、只要只要.)if only(要是要是.就好了就好了),谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气，be用用were。If only I were taller and thinner!要是我能更高更瘦就好了!（六）条件状语从句2.if only(要是要是.就好了就好了)/only if(只要只要.)only if(只要只要/有有.)状语从句状语从句置于句首置于句首主句用部分主句用部分倒装。倒装。Only if you study hard will you pass the exam.只要你努力学习，你就能通过考试。（六）条件状语从句3.provided(that)假如，在假如，在.条件下条件下in

33、 case 如果，万一如果，万一；as/so long as只要只要;on condition that 如果如果，条件是，条件是.Eg:1)I will go with you provided that I have enough time.假如我有足够的时间，我就和你一起去。2)In case he comes,let me know.万一他来了，告诉我。3)You can stay here as long as you keep quiet.只要你保持安静，你就可以呆在这里，4)I will help you on condition that you promise to work

34、 hard.我会帮助你，前提条件是你承诺努力工作，（七）让步状语从句引引导导词词although/though;even if/even though虽然、即使、尽管虽然、即使、尽管while 和和 whereas虽然，然而虽然，然而.whether.or(not).不管不管.还是还是.as虽然，尽管虽然，尽管no matter wh-=wh-ever“无论无论.”1.although/though;even if/though虽然、即使、尽管虽然、即使、尽管Although/Though it is raining hard,yet they went on playing football

35、.虽然雨下得很大，但是他们还是继续踢足球。although/though(不与不与but连用，可与连用，可与yet,still连用连用)（七）让步状语从句1.although/though;even if/though虽然、即使、尽管虽然、即使、尽管Although it was raining,we still went for a walk.尽管在下雨，我们还是去散步了。Though he is young,he is very talented.虽然他年轻，他很有才华。although/though(不与不与but连用，可与连用，可与yet,still连用连用)even if/even

36、though Even though she was tired,she continued to work.尽管她很累了她还是继续工作。（七）让步状语从句1.although/though;even if/though虽然、即使、尽管虽然、即使、尽管 even if/even though even if 引导的从句既可陈述语气也可虚拟语气,但含义不同。Eg:1)Even if I am busy,I will attend the meeting.虽然忙，我也要参加会议。2)Even if I were busy,I would attend the meeting.即使忙，我也要参加会议

37、。陈述语气:现在确实忙虚拟语气:假设，可能不忙（七）让步状语从句2.while/whereas(虽然，然而虽然，然而)While I understand what you say,I cant agree with you虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。Some people like fat meat,whereas others hate it.有些人喜欢肥肉，然而有些人讨厌肥肉。引导让步状语从句时，突出主句和从句的对比引导让步状语从句时，突出主句和从句的对比（七）让步状语从句Whether he is happy or not,he never shows it.不管他高兴还是不高

38、兴，他从不表现出来。Whether it is sunny or rainy,I will go out for a run.不管是晴天还是雨天，我都会出去跑步。3.whether.or(not)不管不管.还是还是.（七）让步状语从句4.as虽然，尽管虽然，尽管原句：As he is a child,he knows a lot.倒装：Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他知道的很多。Difficult as the exam is,I try my best.虽然考试很难，但我还是尽力了Fast as she runs,she cant catch

39、up with him.尽管她跑得很快，她还是追不上他，Work as she does,she cant finish the task in time.尽管她那样努力工作，她还是不能及时完成任务引导让步状语从句时从句语序要部分倒装结构引导让步状语从句时从句语序要部分倒装结构:n.(无冠词无冠词)/adj./adv./v.+as+主语主语+谓谓语语+其他其他.（七）让步状语从句5.no matter wh-=wh-ever“无论无论.”Whatever/No matter what you do,I support you.无论你做什么，我都会支持你。Whenever/No matter w

40、hen I think of you,I feel happy.无论我何时想起你，我都会开心。Wherever/No matter where you go,I will follow.无论你去哪里，我都会跟随。whatever/whenever/wherever/whoever/whichever/however无论什么无论什么/无论何时无论何时/无论那里无论那里/无论谁无论谁/无论哪一个无论哪一个/无论怎样无论怎样（七）让步状语从句5.no matter wh-=wh-ever“无论无论.”Whoever/No matter who comes,let them in.无论谁来，都让他们进

41、来。Whichever/No matter which road you take,it will lead to the town.无论你走哪一条路，都会通向城镇。However/No matter how difficult it is,we wont give up.无论它有多么难，我们都不会放弃。whatever/whenever/wherever/whoever/whichever/however无论什么无论什么/无论何时无论何时/无论那里无论那里/无论谁无论谁/无论哪一个无论哪一个/无论怎样无论怎样（七）让步状语从句5.no matter wh-=wh-ever“无论无论.”How

42、ever difficult the task is,we will succeed.无论任务多么困难，我们都会成功的。Whatever difficulties we meet,we will succeed无论们遇到什么困难，我们都会成功。区分区分whatever 和和howeverwhatever+名词名词“无论什么无论什么”；however+形形/副副“无论多么无论多么.”（八）比较状语从句1.同级比较同级比较A+谓谓+as+形容词形容词/副词原级副词原级+as+B：A和和B一样一样(形形/副副)。My father runs as fast as I do.我父亲跑得和我一样快。as

43、.as.和和.一一样样.引引导导词词同级比较同级比较as.as.;not as/so.as;the same as.非同级比较非同级比较比较级比较级+than固定句型固定句型the more.the more.（八）比较状语从句1.同级比较同级比较A+谓谓+not as/so+形容词形容词/副词原级副词原级+as+B：A不如不如B那样那样(形形/副副)。She is not so weak as she looks.她并不像她看起来的那么虚弱。not as/so.as.和和.不不一一样样.引引导导词词同级比较同级比较as.as.;not as/so.as;the same as.非同级比较非同

44、级比较比较级比较级+than固定句型固定句型the more.the more.（八）比较状语从句1.同级比较同级比较He works the same as he used to.他工作和以前一样。the same as(和和.一样一样)引引导导词词同级比较同级比较as.as.;not as/so.as;the same as.非同级比较非同级比较比较级比较级+than固定句型固定句型the more.the more.（八）比较状语从句2.非非同级比较同级比较He came home later than usual.他回家比平常更晚了。比较级比较级+than“+than“比比.更更.”.

45、”引引导导词词同级比较同级比较as.as.;not as/so.as;the same as.非同级比较非同级比较比较级比较级+than固定句型固定句型the more.the more.（八）比较状语从句3.固定句型固定句型The more he gets,the more he wants.得到的越多，想要的越多。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，你犯的错误就越少。the+the+比较级，比较级，the+the+比较级比较级“越越.越越.”引引导导词词同级比较同级比较as.as.;not as/so

46、.as;the same as.非同级比较非同级比较比较级比较级+than固定句型固定句型the more.the more.（九）方式状语从句1.as 按照，像按照，像Please act as the rules require.请按照规则要求行事。引引导导词词as 按照按照(just)as 正如正如as if/though 好像好像the way像像.那样那样（九）方式状语从句2.(just)as 正如正如.Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.植物需要阳光正如它们需要水一样。引引导导词词as 按照按照(just)as 正如正

47、如as if/though 好像好像the way像像.那样那样（九）方式状语从句3.as if/though 好像好像She talks as if/though she knew everything.她说话的样子好像她知道一切。引引导导词词as 按照按照(just)as 正如正如as if/though 好像好像the way像像.那样那样（九）方式状语从句4.the way像像.那样那样Do it the way I showed you.按照我给你展示的那样去做。引引导导词词as 按照按照(just)as 正如正如as if/though 好像好像the way像像.那样那样状语从句

48、练习状语从句练习 1.We spoke in whispers _ waking the baby in the bedroom.A.for fear of B.because of C.in spite of D.in the hope of（2024统考）2.I was walking in the street suddenly _ he tapped me on the shoulder from behind.（2023统考）A.when B.while C.until D.unless 3.I didnt realize the influence of different cul

49、ture _ I began to do business with foreign businessmen.（2022统考）A.since B.after C.until D.whileA AC状语从句练习状语从句练习 4._ hard she tries,shell never lose her accent.（2021统考）A.Wherever B.However C.Whatever D.Whenever 5.My cousin hasnt decided_ to stay_ go home.（2020统考）A.if;and B.whether;and C.whether;or D.i

50、f;or 6._ you are free tonight,why not drop in and play chess with me?A)For B)Unless C)Since D)ThoughB CC状语从句练习状语从句练习 7._ I sympathize with you,I am afraid there is little I can do to help you.A)When B)If C)Because D)Though 8.It is a long time _ I saw him last.A)that B)when C)since D)as 9.Mary is a v