初中英语人教新目标八年级上册Unit 1单词讲解.doc

1、八年级英语上册Unit 1单词讲解anyone(pron.)任何人（用于否定句，疑问句和肯定句）I went to the bar but there wasnt anyone there.(主语/否定句)我去了酒吧，但是那里一个人都没有。I havent spoken to anyone all day.(宾语)（本句中speak =talk）我一整天都没跟任何人说过话。all day名词短语作时间状语（整天）Is there anyonenewcoming to tonights meeting?(主语/疑问句)（现在分词短语作后置定语）今天晚上来参加会议的有没有新面孔？They offe

2、r help and advice to anyoneinterested in becoming a teacher.(宾语)（形容词短语作后置定语）他们为任何有兴趣当老师的人提供帮助和咨询。Anyoneelsewho is interested in going on the trip should see me at the end of this lesson.(主语)还有谁有兴趣参加此次旅行，下课来找我。else(adv.)另外，其他（作后置定语修饰不定代词，不定副词和疑问词）at the end of在尽头，在末端anywhere(adv.)在任何地方(地状，用于肯定句，否定句和疑

3、问句)You can buy clotheslike these anywhere.（介词短语作后置定语）这样的衣服到处都可以买到。Did you go anywhere interesting on vacation this year?你今年去没去什么有趣的地方度假？I cant find my passport anywhere.我哪儿也找不到我的护照。wonderful(adj.)极好的，精彩的，绝妙的(定语/表语)wonder(C)n.奇迹，奇观，奇人，奇事。This is a wonderful placefor a picnic.（介词短语作后置定语）这里是野餐的好地方。This

4、 wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. 这架奇妙的飞机可以载7名乘客。We had a wonderful time（traveling） in Spain.我们在西班牙（旅游）玩得非常开心。few(adj.)(pron.)不多，很少（否定意义，强调少，不是一个也没有）a few一些，几个（同some, several）He has (very) few friends. (定语)他的朋友(极)少。a man of few words 寡言的人(不爱说话的人)Few tourists stop here. 很少观光客在这里停留。She will

5、 come back in a few days. 她过几天会回来。Pam called to say shes going to bea few minuteslate.（名词短语作程度状语）（不定式短语作目的状语）帕姆打电话来说她要晚几分钟到。There area fewpeoplesitting at the back of the hall.（现在分词短语作后置定语）大厅后面坐着几个人。Few understand what he said. (代词作主语) 没有几个人了解他说了什么。A few of them know it. (代词作主语)他们当中有几个人知道那件事quite a

6、few相当多，不少（用作形容词修饰可数名词复数或用作代词）quite a little许多，相当多（修饰不可数名词）He has quite a few good paintings. (定语) 他有相当多的好画Quite a few of them agreed. (主语)他们当中赞成者颇多most(adj.)(adv.)(pron.)最多，大多数(adj.)大多数的，大部分的(定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词)Like most people, I try to take a vacation every year.和大多数人一样，我争取每年休一次假。Most evenings we just

7、 stay in and watch TV.大多数夜晚我们就待在家里看看电视。(adv.)最，最多，最大程度地；非常(程度状语)the most important thing最重要的事Which program do you like most?你最喜欢哪个节目？He is most kind to me. （同very）他对我非常亲切Thank you for a most interesting evening.（同very）谢谢你让我度过了一个非常有意思的夜晚。(pron.)大部分，大多数Most of the rice is from China.(主语)大部分大米来自中国。Most

8、 of the studentsin the classare English.这个班里的大部分学生是英国人。something(pron.)某事，某物（通常用于肯定句中，也用于表示请求，建议等希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中）The house was too small, so they decided to look for something else (=a different one).(宾语)那房子太小，因此他们决定再另外找找。I think theres somethingwrong with the phone.(主语)（形容词短语作后置定语）我觉得这电话有问题。I dont kn

9、ow what he does exactly, but I know it has something to do with computers.(宾语)（与有关）我不知道他具体是干什么的，只知道和电脑有关。Would you like somethingto drink?(宾语)（不定式作后置定语）你想喝点什么吗？Can you do something about that noise?(宾语)（介词短语作状语）你能想想办法让那噪音消失吗？nothing(pron.)没有什么，没有一件东西（完全否定）I have nothing to do with it. (宾语)我和那件事没有什么关

10、系He had nothingmoreto say.他没有更多要说的了。We know nothing about her family.我们对她的家庭一无所知。（介词短语作状语）Theres nothingwrong with the tape player.(主语)这个录音机没什么问题。Theres nothing new about this.这没有什么新鲜的。Do you know much about business? Nothing at all.“你对做生意了解得多吗？”“一窍不通。”everyone(pron.)每人，所有人Everyone wants to join the

11、 swimmingclub.(主语)（动名词作定语）大家都想加入游泳俱乐部。Not everyone enjoys sport.(主语)（部分否定）并不是谁都喜欢体育运动的。of course当然，自然(副词短语)(插入语)（同sure, certainly）Can I call you back in a minute? Yes, of course.“我能不能过一会儿给你回电话？”“当然可以啦。”myself(pron.)我自己，我本人I can look after myself.(宾语) 我可以照顾好自己。Im making myself a sandwich.(间接宾语)我在给自己做

12、三明治。Why do I always have to do everything myself?(同位语)为什么我总是什么事情都得自己来？Id like to be by myself for a while.(介词宾语)我想独自待会儿。Im not myself today. (表语) 我今天有点不舒服。yourself(pron.)(pl.yourselves你们自己)你自己，您自己Look at yourself in the mirror.(宾语)照照镜子吧。If you dont trust me, youd better go yourself.(同位语)你如果不相信我，最好自己

13、去。Most of our customers are people like yourself.(介词宾语)我们的大多数客户都像您一样。You cant go home by yourself in the dark.（在黑暗中）天黑了，你不能一个人回家。Do you think you can move the sofa by yourself?（独自）你觉得你自己一个人搬得动沙发吗？hen(C)n.母鸡The Wangs keep quite a few hens on the farm.(宾语)老王家在农场养了很多母鸡。pig(C)n.猪Farmers feed kitchen lef

14、tovers to the pigs.(介宾)农民用厨房里的残羹剩饭喂猪。Pigsgrowing on the plateauare different.(主语)（现在分词短语作后置定语）高原上的猪不是一般的大路货。seem(linking v.)好像，似乎，看来(不用于进行时态)seem+(to be)adj./n./to do sth./that/likeAnn seems very unhappy.(形容词短语)安看来很不开心。He seems a nice man.(名词短语) 他好像人不错。It seems a foolish decision now.（名词短语）现在看来这是一个愚

15、蠢的决定。Well, it seemed like a good idea at the time.(seem like是固定搭配，可当作谓语)好吧，当时看来这好像是个不错的主意。I seem to have lost my car keys.(不定式的完成式/表示动作发生在谓语动词之前)我好像把汽车钥匙给弄丢了。It seems that he lied to me. 好像他和我撒谎了。（seem是不及物动词，that引导主语从句）It seems to me that you are not really interested in learning.在我看来你不是真正对学习有兴趣。bor

16、ed(adj.)厌倦的，烦闷的（not interesting）boring(adj.)无聊的，乏味的(job/person)After a while, I got bored and left.(表语) 过了一会儿，我觉得无聊，就走了。Are you bored with your present job? 你对现在的工作厌倦了？someone(pron.)某人Someone is ringing the doorbell. (主语) 有人在按门铃Will someone please explain whats going on?（发生）（希望得到肯定回答）谁能说说是怎么回事？Can y

17、ou ask someone else (=a different person) to help you? Im really busy.(宾语)（希望得到肯定回答）你能否请别人来帮你？我实在很忙。diary(C)n.日记，记事簿（pl.diaries）keep a diary记日记Mark kept a diary during the war years.(宾语)马克在战争年代里一直写日记。enjoyable(adj.)有乐趣的，令人愉快的enjoy(vt.)喜欢，享受.的乐趣(接n./pron./doing)Games can make learning more enjoyable.

18、(宾语补足语)游戏可以寓教于乐。an enjoyable experience令人愉快的经历(定语)We had a most enjoyable evening.我们度过了一个非常愉快的夜晚。activity(C)n.活动active(adj.)积极的，活跃的(be active in在某方面活跃)outdoor activitiessuch as hiking or climbing（介词短语作后置定语）如远足、爬山这样的户外活动He always takes part in all kinds of after school activities.(宾语)他总是参加各种课外活动。deci

19、de(vt./vi.)决定，选定decision(C)n.决定decide on sth.选定，决定某事decide against sth.决定不做某事decide (not) to do sth.决定(不)做某事(同make a decision to do sth.)decide宾语从句/疑问词加不定式结构You must decide for yourself.(make your own decision) 你必须为自己作决定。 Tina decided to go to Rome for her holidays.蒂娜决定去罗马度假。He eventually decided ag

20、ainst telling her.他最终还是决定不告诉她。The battle decided the war. 那一场战斗决定了战争(的胜败)。Finally she decided on the yellow dress instead of the green one. (介词/代替，而不是)最后她决定穿黄色衣服而不穿绿色衣服People have a right to decide how to spend their own money.民众有权决定怎么花自己的钱。try(vt./vi.)(C)n.尝试，设法，努力try to do sth.尽力做某事，设法做某事（try not

21、to do sth.尽力不要做某事）try doing sth.试着做某事try on试穿try out试验，试用，(new machines/methods)try out for参加选拔(a volunteer)try(do) ones best to do sth.竭尽全力做某事have a try试一试have another try再试一次give it a try试一试be worth a try值得一试She didnt manage to break the record, but it was a good try.她没能打破纪录，但这是一次很好的尝试。manage to d

22、o sth. 成功地做成某事Only half the students passed the test on their first try.只有一半的学生是第一次就通过测验的。He tried to control his voice at that time.当时他尽量控制自己的声音。I tried climbing the mountain but failed.我尝试爬过那座山但是失败了。try a new hat on试戴新帽子(try it on)He tried out for the swimming team.他参加了进入游泳队的选拔赛。paragliding(U)n.滑翔

23、伞运动Sometimes paragliding can be dangerous, you should know this before trying it.有时候滑翔伞运动可能会有危险，在尝试它前你应该知道这个。feel(linking verb)给的感觉，感受到(feel是连系动词)feel like感觉像(名词短语/从句)feel like doing sth.想要做某事(want to do sth/would like to do sth)feel like手感是，摸起来像I felt like it was my fault.我觉得好像是我的错。He felt like a f

24、ool. 他觉得自己像个傻瓜He felt like he was a king. 他觉得自己好像是国王Do you feel like going out tonight?你今晚想出去吗？It feels like silk.它摸起来像丝绸。bird(C)n.鸟A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.一鸟在手胜于两鸟在林(到手的东西才是可靠的)bicycle(C)n.自行车，脚踏车Can James ride a bicycle yet?（副词/已经）詹姆斯会骑自行车了吗？ride (on) a bicycle 骑自行车get off a bi

25、cycle 下自行车go by bicycle (go on a bicycle)骑自行车去building(C)n.建筑物，房子build(vt.)建造，建筑，建设（built）builder(C)n.建筑工人，建设者a farmhouse and other farm buildings农舍以及其他的农场建筑I cant believe you live in such a building.(介词宾语)我不能相信你住在那样的房子里。trader(C)n.商人trade(vt./vi.)做生意,做买卖,从事交易,从事贸易；交换The old man was a trader in tea.

26、(表语)（介词短语作后置定语）那老头曾是茶商。She bargained with the trader till he sold her the fruitcheaply.（副词作方式状语）她和卖水果的人讨价还价，直到他把水果便宜地卖给了她。wonder(vt./vi.)想知道，琢磨(want to know)wonder+宾语从句/疑问词+不定式结构I wonder what happened. 我想知道发生了什么事I wonder why he refused. 我想知道为什么他拒绝了I wonder whether (if) I might ask you a question. 我是

27、不是可以问你一个问题 ?He wondered how to get there. 他想知道如何才能到达那里I was wondering if I could borrow your car?(有礼貌地提出请求)请问我能否借一下你的汽车？I was wondering if youd like to come to dinner.不知道你是否愿意来吃晚饭。(vt./vi.)对某事感到惊讶(be very surprised)wonder at sth./wonder that.对某事感到惊讶wonder to do sth对做某事感到惊讶difference(U/C)n.差别，差异diffe

28、rent(adj.)不同的，有差异的（be different from与不同）make a difference(to)有影响，有作用(make使.发生，引起)make a difference from与.有不同a difference in appearance (quality)外表(品质)上的差异Do children know the difference between right and wrong?(宾语)儿童知道对和错的区别吗？Theres not much differencein price.(主语)价格上没有多少差别。One more person wouldnt m

29、ake any difference to the arrangements.(宾语)多一个人对安排不会有影响。top(C)n.顶部(顶端，上端)，表面(物体的上面)at the top of在.顶端/顶部on the top of在.上面on top在最上面，在顶部get to/reach/arrive at the top到达山顶The tops of the mountains are still covered with snow.(主语)山顶依然为白雪覆盖。He is standing at the top of the stairs.(介宾)他站在楼梯顶端。Write your n

30、ame at the top of the page.在页面的上端写下你的名字。She put the papers down on the top of the piano.她把文件放在钢琴顶上。wait(vi.)等待，等候wait for (sb./sth.)等候，等待wait for sb.(sth.) to do sth.等待某人(物)做某事（复合宾语）cant wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事keep sb. waiting让某人一直等（现在分词作宾补）wait to do sth.等待做某事wait (for) two hours等两小时wait a second/mi

31、nute/moment慢着，等一下Would you mind waiting outside?（介意）你在外面等好吗？Are you waiting to use the phone?你在等着用电话吗？He is waiting for the bus to come. 他正在等公共汽车来。umbrella(C)n.伞，雨伞It started to rain, so Gina stopped to put up her umbrella.(宾语)开始下雨了，所以吉娜停下来撑起雨伞。An umbrella can protect you from the rain.(主语)雨伞可以保护你不至

32、于淋雨。Take an umbrella its going to rain. 带上伞吧，要下雨了。wet(adj.)湿的，潮湿的；下雨的(同rainy)(反dry干的，干燥的)get wet被淋湿Take an umbrella or youll get wet.(表语)带把雨伞，不然你会被淋湿的。His face is wet with sweat.（介词表示原因） 他脸上湿乎乎的都是汗。Its very wet outside. 外面雨很大。The man in the boat is wet through (=completely wet).（through副词“完全，彻底”/程度状

33、语）船上的那人浑身湿透。because of因为(短语介词/引导的介词短语作原因状语)(n./pron./doing/宾语从句)We spent three hours waiting in the rain because of you!因为你，我们在雨里等了三个小时！Iron man becomes iron man because of technology.钢铁侠之所以成为钢铁侠是因为科技。below(prep.)(adv.)在下面，到下面(反above)Write your name below the line. (地状)把你的姓名写在线的下面I could hear voices

34、 in the courtyard below my window.(地状)我能听到院子里有人在我的窗下说话。They camped a few hundred feet below the summit.(名词短语作程度状语）他们在山峰下面几百英尺的地方扎了营。For more information, see below.(地状) 详情请看下面。enough(adj.)(adv.)(pron.)足够的(地)，充足的(地)，充分的(地)There arent enough chairs for everyone.(定语)这些椅子不够每人一把。We have moneyenoughto buy

35、 the house with a garden.（不定式短语作后置定语）我们有足够的钱买那个带花园的房子。You can go to school when youre old enough.(程度状语)你够年龄就可以上学了。Is the water warm enough for you?你看这水够热吗？The rooms are all large enoughto take a third bed.（不定式短语作结果状语）这些房间都很大，足够放下第三张床。He didnt even earn enoughto pay the rent.（用作代词）他挣的钱甚至连付房租都不够。He ea

36、rns just enoughto live on. （用作代词）他赚的钱刚好过日子。hungry(adj.)饥饿的（反full吃饱了的）hunger(U)n.饥饿If you get hungry, theres some cold chicken in the fridge.(表语)你要是饿了，冰箱里有些冷鸡肉。Do you still feel hungry? 你还觉得饿吗？Thousands of families go hungry every day.(挨饿)(表语)每天都有数以千计的家庭吃不饱肚子。as(adv.)同样地，一样地(conj.)当时(时间状语从句)；像，如同(比较状

37、语从句)Toms not as old as you, is he?汤姆年纪没有你大，是吗？an old woman with hairas white as snow(形容词短语作后置定语)一位白发如雪的老太太We work as hard as any other team in England.我们同其他英格兰球队一样努力。I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.(时间状语从句)我下公共汽车的时候看见了彼得。As time passed, things seemed to get worse.（时间状语从句）随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更加糟糕了

38、。hill(C)n.小山，山丘A cart was making its way up the hill.(行进)一辆马车正在爬上山丘。We walked up the hill, down the hill, and through the old town.我们上了山，又下了山，穿过了古老的小镇。through(prep.)从一端到另一端，穿过（物体/空间内部）duck(U/C)n.鸭，鸭肉Peking duck was very famous around the country.(主语)北京烤鸭曾经闻名全国。roast duck with orange sauce 烤鸭配橘子酱Tom

39、likes to play with those little ducks.(宾语)汤姆喜欢和那些小鸭子玩。dislike(vt.)(U/C)n.讨厌，不喜爱(的事物)Why do you dislike her so much?你为什么那么讨厌她？I dislike living in a large city. 我讨厌住在大城市里I dislike being the centre of attention.我不喜欢成为注目的焦点。She shared her mothers dislike of housework.（分享，共享；共同拥有）她和她妈妈一样不爱做家务。A good hote

40、l manager should know his regular guests likes and dislikes.（经常的，固定的）称职的酒店经理应该知道老主顾的好恶Central Park(n.)中央公园Huangguoshu Waterfall(n.)黄果树瀑布Hong Kong(n.)香港Malaysia(n.)马来西亚(专有名词)Malaysian(adj.)马来西亚的(C)n.马来西亚人（pl.Malaysians）No one knows what happened to Malaysian Flight 370.没有人知道马航370到底发生了什么事Most of the passengers on the Malaysian plane were Chinese.这架马航客机上大部分乘客是中国人。Tiananmen Square(n.)天安门广场the Palace Museum(n.)故宫博物院8