2021年北京中考英语复习练习课件：语篇题型组合训练.pptx

1、 中考英语 （北京专用） 第二部分 读写能力提升 语篇题型组合训练 组合训练(一) 一、完形填空(2020密云二模) Its been nearly 40 years since I became a member of the navy(海军). You may be wondering how I have won so many honors as a commander-in-chief(最高统帅). In fact, it all began from the half a years basic train- ing, which I will never forget. The

2、training included midnight swims in the cold water, days without 1 and long painful runs in the soft sand. I always felt cold, wet, hungry and painful. The training also needed to find those who could 2 in an environment of stress, mess, failure and hard- ships. To me, the basic training was a lifet

3、ime of challenges that lasted six months. And today, Id like to talk about one little thing. Every morning in the training, my instructors(教官) would appear in our rooms. The first thing they did was to 3 our beds. The corners would be square if we did it right. The covers would be pulled tight, and

4、the pillow would be centered just under the headboard. It was a difficult task. But every morning we were required to make our beds 4 . It seemed a little funny, but the wisdom of this simple act has been proved to me many times over. If you make your bed every morning, you will have completed the f

5、irst task of the day. It will bring you a small 5 of success, and it will encourage you to do another task, and another and another. And by the end of the day, one task completed will have turned into many tasks completed. Making your bed will prove the fact. If you cant do the 6 things right, you w

6、ill hardly be able to do the big things right. Changing the world can happen anywhere and anyone can do it. I can make sure that it doesnt matter whether I ever 7 a day in uniform(军装). Even now, I still start my day with making the bed to perfection. So if you have an awful day by accident, you will

7、 come home to a bed that is madethat you madeand a made bed gives you encouragement that tomorrow will be better. In general, if you want to change the world, 8 off by making your bed. I hope all of you will have a brighter future! 1.A.water B.sleep C.food D.air 2.A.doubt B.lead C.separate D.hurry 3

8、.A.check B.clean C.mend D.make 4.A.differently B.quietly C.comfortably D.perfectly 5.A.gift B.task C.exam D.sense 6.A.important B.interesting C.little D.hard 7.A.chose B.served C.remembered D.celebrated 8.A.start B.run C.get D.take 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 这篇文章告诉我们:想要改变世界,记得早上起床叠好被子。 1.C 由下一句中的hungry可知,此处表示好几天

9、没有食物。故选C。 2.B 此句表示训练也是为了发现能在压力、困境、失败和艰难中处于领先地位的人。 故选B。 3.A 根据上下文可知,教官早上第一件事是检查每个人的床铺。故选A。 4.D 因为每天检查严格,所以要把床铺整理到最好。故选D。7空后面一句中的making the bed to perfec- tion与此处呼应。perfectly完美地。 5.D 完成好每天的第一件事,给人带来一种小的成就感。a sense of.有的感觉。故选D。 6.C 如果小事都无法完成好,大事就更不必说了。此处应与后面的big things相对应。故选C。 7.B 此处表示“无论我是否当兵”,故选B。ser

10、ve “为工作,尽职责”,serve a day in uniform当 兵。 8.A 如果想要改变世界,需要从小事做起,从整理好床铺开始。故选A。 高级语块高级语块 lead (sth./sb.)in sth. 处于首位,处于领先地位 in general 通常,大体上 start off by doing sth.以 开始 二、阅读选择 Passage 1(2020海淀二模,B) The Picky Eater Howies mother called him a picky eater. He would eat nothing much else but cheese sandwich

11、es and tomato soup. One day, Howies mother told him, “Your father and I will have a meeting tomorrow evening. You can play at Ashwins home and even stay for dinner.” “What?”Howie cried out before he could remember his manners.“I mean, thats great,”he added unwill- ingly. Howie liked playing with his

12、 friend Ashwin, but there were no cheese sandwiches at Ashwins home! “I know you are sensitive about being a picky eater, but you need to try new things. You cant eat sandwiches and tomato soup forever. I expect you to have good manners at Ashwins home. Its rude to say no when someone offers you foo

13、d,”his mother said. The next day, Howie followed Ashwin into Ashwins home and they played together for some time. “Why do you keep checking the time?”Ashwin asked. “I just wondered if it was time for dinner,”Howie said. “Sure!Smell it!Yummy!”Ashwin said. Dinner was ready. Howie dragged(拖)his feet as

14、 he walked to his seat. The food on the table was much more colorful than his usual dinner. He had a sinking feeling in his stomach. How in the world could he eat this meal? “Try it,”Ashwins mother said. Howie wished he could say no, but he knew his mother expected him to try it. He scooped up a tin

15、y bit of rice and put it in his mouth, “Wow, its delicious!” After Howie went home, he told his mother the food he tried at Ashwins home was delicious!She was happy to know Howie behaved so politely and was willing to try some new foods. She said,“Is it possible that my picky eater is gone forever?”

16、 “I think so!”Howie smiled. 1.What did Howies mom expect him to do at Ashwins home? A.To have good manners. B.To follow Ashwin all the time. C.To eat sandwiches or tomato soup. D.To say no when he was offered food. 2.Howie kept checking the time because . A.he wanted to leave in a polite way B.he wa

17、s worried about trying new food C.he knew his parents would come to dinner D.he was happy to have dinner with Ashwin 3.What can we know about Howie? A.He doesnt get along well with Ashwin. B.He prefers rice to cheese sandwiches. C.He wont be a picky eater anymore. D.He often asks his mom for advice.

18、 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一个爱挑食的男孩Howie的故事。Howie从小只爱吃奶酪三明治和 西红柿汤,其他的都不吃。一天,他不得不去他的朋友Ashwin家里玩并留下来吃晚饭。他出于礼貌,遵照妈 妈的叮嘱,尝试了新的食物并觉得很美味。从此他不再是一个挑食的男孩了。 1.A 细节理解题。 根据文中第四段中的“I expect you to have good manners at Ashwins home.”可知选 A。 2.B 推理判断题。文中介绍Howie 挑食不愿意尝试新的食物,因此他一直看时间是担心晚饭时不得不尝 试新的食物。故选B。 3.C 推理判断题。根据

19、文中倒数第二段最后一句Howie妈妈的话“Is it possible that my picky eater is gone forever?”和最后一段Howie的回答“I think so!”可知,Howie从此以后不再是一个挑食者了。故 选C。 高级语块高级语块 unwillingly 不情愿地 a picky eater 挑食者 scoop up 用勺子舀起来 Passage 2(2020西城二模,C) Bacteria(细菌) play an important role in our lives. They can keep us alive as well as make us

20、 sick. It wasn t until fairly recently that we learned bacteria can communicate with one another. In the 1960s, researchers found that a kind of bacteria called Vibrio fischeri(费氏弧菌) produced no light when they were alone, but that they exhibited great amount of light as the bacterial population gre

21、w to a certain num- ber. How did this happen?How can Vibrio fischeri tell the difference between times when theyre alone and times when theyre in a community, and then all do something together? Researchers found they talk to each other with a chemical languagesignal molecules(信号分子). Vibrio fis- che

22、ri makes signal molecules, and it also has a receptor on its surface that fits like a lock and key with a signal molecule. As the bacteria increase, more and more signal molecules are sent into the environment. When signal molecules increase to a certain number, they lock down into those receptors a

23、nd information comes into the bac- teria, which tells them how many neighbors there are. As soon as they realize the population has hit the certain number, all of the bacteria behave as a group, making light together. In the past ten years researchers have found all bacteria have systems like this:t

24、hey make and recognize chemical words, de- termine(判断)the size of the community, and carry out tasks that would be unsuccessful if a single one were to act alone. This process is called quorum sensing. Most of the time, bacteria live with thousands of other species(种类)of bacteria. There has to be a

25、language of interspecies communication. In fact, bacteria have another kind of signal molecule, which is the common lan- guage used by all species. Moreover, this kind of molecule has its own receptor. In this way, bacteria are able to count different populations, and then they decide what task to c

26、arry out depending on which species has the greatest population. Knowing how bacteria communicate could influence how we fight disease. What if bacteria cant talk or hear? They wont recognize when there are enough bacteria and when to exhibit the group behavior to make us sick. Researchers are devel

27、oping a methodto make molecules that look like the real ones and then they lock into the receptors to jam recognition of the real situation. On the other hand, researchers also improve the conversation of the beneficial bacteria, so they can do things that we want them to do better than they would d

28、o on their own. 1.According to the passage, what can we learn about quorum sensing? A.Quorum sensing may happen when there is only one Vibrio fischeri. B.Signal molecules are kept away from receptors during quorum sensing. C.Most bacteria have similar systems to make light during quorum sensing. D.B

29、acteria carry out a group task when their population has hit a certain number. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A.The more species there are, the more group tasks bacteria will carry out. B.In different environments, bacteria have different interspecies languages. C.Beneficial bacteria communic

30、ate better by themselves than harmful ones. D.To fight disease, researchers try to turn off the communication between harmful bacteria. 3.The passage is mainly about . A.why bacterial population grows B.how bacteria communicate with each other C.which bacteria help fight disease D.what scientists do

31、 to find quorum sensing 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了细菌可以相互交流形成群体感应。 1.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的“quorum sensing”定位到第三段。由倒数第二句中的“they make and recognize chemical words, determine.would be unsuccessful if a single one were to act alone.”可知,细菌单 独行动是不会成功的,因此不能形成quorum sensing,排除A。由“Vibrio fischeri makes signal mole

32、cules, and it also has a receptor on its surface that fits like a lock and key with a signal molecule”可知,信号分子和 接收器就好像钥匙和锁,彼此不可能分离,排除B。根据“all bacteria have systems like this: they make and recognize chemical words.act alone.”可知,所有细菌都有相似的通过信号分子发出信号、交流信息的体 系,而非大多数细菌,排除C。根据“As soon as they realize the p

33、opulation has hit the certain number, all of the bacteria behave as a group, making light together.”可知,当细菌数量达到一定值,细菌就会产生群体感 应,故选D。 2.D 推理判断题。A选项的含义是“细菌种类越多,细菌的群体活动就会越多”,属于无中生有,排除A。 根据第四段“There has to be a language of interspecies communication.which is the common language used by all species.”可知,细菌种

34、群之间也有共同的交流语言,排除B。文章没有提到有益细菌比有害细菌能更 好地自我交流,排除C。根据第五段“What if bacteria cant talk or hear?”和“Researchers are developing a methodto make molecules that look like the real ones and then they lock into the receptors to jam recognition of the real situation”可知,研究者找到一种通过阻止细菌之间的交流来对抗细菌的方法。故选D。 3.B 主旨大意题。第一段引

35、出主题和研究结论:细菌可以相互交流;第二、三、四段介绍了细菌是如何通 过信号分子实现相互交流和群体感应的,并介绍了不同种类的细菌之间也存在共同语言。第五、六段介 绍了研究者为了抗击疾病,正在研究阻隔细菌之间互相交流的方法。因此文本主要谈论了细菌是如何实 现相互交流的,故选B。 高级语块高级语块 play a role in在中发挥作用 tell the difference between A and B辨别出A和B之间的不同 三、阅读表达(2020顺义二模) Both native English speakers and non-native speakers find the spell

36、ing of English is the most difficult. The English spelling system is not based on a phonetic(语音) link between sounds and letters, as is the spelling of Spanish and some other languages. Instead, English spelling is affected by the historical development of the language. Some words are pronounced in

37、several different ways; similarly, different combinations of letters can produce the same pronunciation. The link between sound and spelling in English is not phonetically exact for two main reasons. First, spelling changes did not keep pace with changes in the sound system after the development of

38、printing and of conven- tions (惯例) for spelling. For example, the k in knife and the gh in right come from the Middle English period (from about 1100 to about 1500), when they were pronounced as separate sounds. Second, there are some spelling conventions that are based on other languages. For examp

39、le, during the 16th century the “b” was put into the word doubt. This reflected the Latin word,dubitare, even though the “b” was not pronounced in Eng- lish. Two further influences contributed to the illogical system of spelling. When books began to be printed in Eng- land, the newly invented spelli

40、ng system was undermined(逐渐削弱) because nearly all the early London print- ers were foreign. They were usually paid by the line and often put additional letters into words to earn more. They regularly also added extra letters to the last word of a line to make the whole text look neater. Many of thei

41、r spelling errors eventually became accepted English spellings. There have been many attempts(试图,尝试) to reform English spelling. The author and playwright George Bernard Shaw suggested a completely new alphabet, but this had very limited success. American English has developed some of its own spelli

42、ng conventions, largely as a result of the work of spelling reformer Noah Web- ster. Webster attempted to get rid of some of the irregularities from the English spelling system and distance American English from British English. Nevertheless, the system as a whole remains particularly complex, and E

43、nglish is widely regarded as having the worst spelling of any language in the world. 1.What is the most difficult for native English speakers and non-native speakers? 2.Why isnt the link between sound and spelling in English phonetically exact? 3.Did the printers often put additional letters into wo

44、rds to get more money? 4.What did Noah Webster do to reform English spelling? 5.What is the passage mainly about? 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文阐述为什么无论是以英语为母语的人还是不以英语为母语的人都发现英语的拼写是最难 的。 1.The spelling of English./English spelling. 此题为细节理解题。根据问题,可以定位到第一段第一句Both native English speakers and non-native speakers find

45、the spelling of English is the most difficult.因此答案为 The spelling of English或 English spelling。 2.Because of spelling changes that did not keep pace with changes in the sound system and some spelling con- ventions that are based on other languages. 或Because spelling changes did not keep pace with cha

46、nges in the sound system and there are some spelling conventions that are based on other languages. 此题为信息归纳 题。根据问题可定位在第二段。第二段说明了其中的两个主要原因,需要学生把两个原因归纳到一起。 学生的错误之一就是漏掉第二个原因。 3.Yes. 此题为细节理解题。根据问题可以定位在第三段“They were usually paid by the line and often put additional letters into words to earn more.”。由此可知答

47、案是Yes。 4.He attempted to get rid of some of the irregularities from the English spelling system and distance American English from British English. 此题为细节理解题。根据问题定位在最后一段的“Webster attempted to get rid of some of the irregularities from the English spelling system and distance American English from British English.”。 5.Why the spelling of English is the most difficult. 此题为归纳总结题。根据第一段、第二段第一句、第 三段第一句及第四段第一句可知,本篇文章阐述的是英语的拼写为什么最难。 四、书面表达 Writing 1 (2020密云一模) 假如你是李华,你的英