初中英语人教新目标八年级上册Unit 5单词详解.doc

1、八年级英语上册Unit 5单词详解sitcom(situation comedy)(C)n.情景喜剧What do you think of sitcoms?你对情景喜剧怎么看？Actually, my English teacher was a sitcom, Friends.（句子副词作评注状语）事实上，我的英文老师是一部情境喜剧，老友记。news(U)n.新闻节目，新闻；消息（强调“新”，information强调内容）newspaper(C)n.报纸(广播，电视里的)新闻节目the newswatch /listen to the news看/听新闻节目新闻(报道)the sports

2、 news体育新闻消息a piece of news一条消息no news is good news没有消息就是好消息The good news is that, the bad news is thatin the news 被报导（在新闻报道中出现）on the news 在广播或电视新闻中Lets watch the news. 我们看看新闻节目吧。Be quiet. I want to listen to the news.安静点，我要听听新闻。It must be true I heard it on the news last night.这肯定是真的，我昨晚在新闻节目中听到的。H

3、eres the sports news from Jane Murray.下面是简默里发来的体育新闻。I hope to have some good news for you soon.我希望很快就能给你好消息。soap opera肥皂剧(复合名词/可数名词)（以家庭问题为题材的广播或电视连续剧）a bar of soap一块肥皂Every night my roommates watch the Korean soap operas till mid-night.（介词“直到”）我的室友每天晚上都看韩剧到午夜。He thinks Im a soap opera nut.(热爱者，迷)他认

4、为我是肥皂剧脑残粉。mind(vt./vi.)介意，对(某事)烦恼（+n./pron./doing/宾从）I dont mind the heat, in fact I quite like it.我不介意这么热，事实上我还挺喜欢的。Did you mind being away from home for so long?（动名词短语作宾语）你介意离家这么久吗？Dont your parents mind you staying out so late?（动名词复合结构作宾语）你父母难道不介意你在外面待到这么晚吗？He didnt mind that other people in the

5、village thought him odd.（形容词作宾补）他不在意村里人认为他古怪。stand(vi./vt.)忍受（常用于否定句和疑问句中），站立cant stand+n./pron./doing sth./to do sth.I cant stand bad manners.我不能容忍没有礼貌。Lily cant stand working in an office.（动名词短语作宾语）莉莉受不了在办公室工作。I cant stand people smoking around me when Im eating.（动名词复合结构作宾语）我受不了吃饭时有人在我旁边抽烟。She can

6、t stand to hear them arguing.（现在分词作宾补）她听不得他们吵架。 It looks like well have to stand there are no seatsleft.（过去分词作后置定语）看来我们只能站着没有座位了。They just stood there laughing.（现在分词作伴随状语）他们只是站在那里笑。We stood watching the rain fall.（现在分词短语作伴随状语）我们站着看雨点飘落。educational(adj.)教育的，有教育意义的educate(vt.)(在学校)教育；教导education(S/U)n

7、.教育（get a good education接受良好的教育）educator(C)n.教师，教育家(美语)an educational game/film寓教于乐的游戏/教育影片Colleges and universities are educational institutions.学院和大学都是教育机构。plan(vt./vi.)(C)n.打算，计划(planned/planning)plan for为制定计划（同make a plan for）plan to do sth.计划做某事(同make a plan to do sth.)We are planning to go on

8、a trip to Europe next month.我们正计划下个月去欧洲旅行。plan for a party计划一次聚会Im planning on visiting Paris. 我打算访问巴黎。a five-year plan 五年计划plans for the future 未来的计划make plans for the summer vacation 制定暑假计划hope(vi./vt.)希望，盼望(U/C)n.希望hopeful (adj.)有希望的，充满希望的hopeless (adj.)绝望的，没有希望的I hope so.希望如此。I hope not.但愿不会。We

9、are hoping for good weather.(hope for)我们盼望着好天气。I do hope everything goes well.我真心希望一切顺利。(hope that)We hope to see you again soon.我们希望不久能再见到你。(hope to do)When I first arrived in New York, I was full of hope for the future.我初到纽约时，对未来充满希望。The president has expressed the hope that relations will improve

10、.(that引导同位语从句)总统表达了改善关系的愿望。find out(经过调查，研究，询问等)查明，弄清楚(短语动词/及物或不及物)（及物时+n./pron./宾从）I find out that prices are higher in the city.我发现城市里的物价较高。We must find out where he lives.我们必须查出他住在何处。To find out more, visit our website.如欲了解详情，请访问我们的网站。I need to find out more about these night courses.我需要再了解一下这些夜校

11、课程。Were trying to find out the answer to the question.我们正在努力找出这个问题的答案。discussion(C)n.讨论，商量discuss(vt.)讨论，商量have a discussion about sth.进行一次关于某事物的讨论Most of the students took part in the discussion.大多数的学生参与了讨论。We had a discussion about the plan for the school trip.我们就此次学校郊游的计划进行了讨论。happen(vi.)(意外地)发生，

12、出现；碰巧happening(C)n.发生的事sth. happens+时状/地状sth. happens to sb.某事发生在某人身上sb. happens to do sth.某人碰巧做某事It happens that碰巧的是When did the accident happen?事故什么时候发生的？This kind of thing happens all the time.这种事一直在发生。The same thing happened to me last year.（sth. happen to sb.）去年，同样的事在我身上发生了。I happened to see Ja

13、mes in town.（sb. happen to do sth.）我碰巧在镇上遇见詹姆斯。It happened that we were in Shanghai then. （that引导主语从句）碰巧当时我们在上海expect(vt.)预料，期待(等待，期待，盼望；预计，预料)（后接名词，代词，不定式，从句作宾语；接复合宾语，不定式作宾补）expectation(C/U)n.预料，期待I am expecting your email/a visitor.我在等待你的邮件/一位访客。I am expecting him to come any moment.我随时都在等待他来You c

14、annot expect him to do that.你不能期望他做那件事I expect that you will come to our party.我期待你会来参加我们的聚会I expect to be back within a week.我预计一周之内回来。I didnt expect him to stay so long.我没有料到他会待那么久。Theres the doorbell I expect itll be my mother.有人按门铃，估计是我母亲。joke(C)n.笑话，玩笑(vi.)开玩笑(about sth.)play a joke on (upon) a

15、 person戏弄某人/开某人的玩笑tell a joke(jokes)讲笑话make a joke开玩笑I never joke about money.我从不拿钱开玩笑。As we left the hospital, he joked with the staff.我们离开医院时，他和医务人员开着玩笑。joke about a persons mistake 取笑某人的过错What an old joke!多么老掉牙的笑话呀！comedy(U)n.喜剧(C)n.喜剧片comedian(C)n.喜剧演员comedy writer/series/show/actor etc 喜剧作家/连续剧

16、/节目/演员等a highly successful TV comedy一部极为成功的电视喜剧片meaningless(adj.)毫无意义的(不重要的)，意思不明确的meaningful(adj.)有意义的（重要的），意味深长的He said a few meaningless words to his hostess and looked around the room.他向女主人说了几句无关紧要的话，又环视了一下房间。action(C)n.(具体的)行动，行为(U)n.行动Young kids cant be responsible for their actions.小孩子不能对自己的行

17、为负责。Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于空谈。The local government should take action to protect the farming land.(不定式短语作目的状语)当地政府应该采取行动保护耕地。action movie动作影片(名词短语)What do you think about the new action movie?你认为这部新的动作片怎么样？This action movie is about a teenager who builds a big truck and finds a monster

18、 friend.（who引导定语从句）这部动作电影讲述了一个青少年建造了一辆大卡车并交到了一个怪兽朋友。cartoon(C)n.动画片，卡通片Children usually like to see cartoons.孩子们通常喜欢看卡通片。Do you want a cartoon book again?你又要买漫画书吗？Walt Disney made a lot of cartoon films.沃特迪士尼制作了很多卡通电影。culture(C/U)n.文化，文明cultural(adj.)文化的In our culture, it is rude to ask someone how

19、much they earn.（不定式短语作真正的主语）在我们的文化里，问别人收入多少是不礼貌的。I love working abroad and meeting people from different cultures.我喜欢在国外工作，认识来自不同文化的人。She is very proud of her culture.她一向对她家乡的文化引以为傲。famous(adj.)著名的，出名的(同known)be famous for因出名be famous as作为出名(身份或职位等)be famous to为熟知the famous名人France is famous for its

20、 wine.法国以其葡萄酒闻名。Virginia is famous as the birthplace of several US presidents.弗吉尼亚因其为数位美国总统的出生地而出名。Yao Ming is famous to most young people.姚明为大多数年轻人熟知。a nightclubused by the rich and famous（过去分词短语作后置定语）富人名流光顾的夜总会appear(vi.)出现，露面；出场,演出(on, in)appearance (S)n.出现，露面disappear(vi.)消失appear on the stage 登

21、台演出appear on a TV program 在电视节目中演出appear in a concert 在演奏会出场She appeared in a number of action films.她参演过许多动作影片。become(linking v.)(became/become)开始变得，变成The weather became warmer.天气变暖和了。Its becoming colder and colder.天越来越冷了。（be doing强调逐渐变化）George became king at the age of 54.乔治在54岁时当上了国王。When did you

22、 first want to become a teacher?你最早是什么时候想要当一名教师的？rich(adj.)富有的（the rich富人/作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式）（反poor）She found herself a rich husband.(find是双宾动词/for引出间接宾语)她找了一个有钱的丈夫。He thought this was the easiest wayto get rich.（不定式短语作后置定语）他以为这是最容易的致富办法。housesbelonging to the rich and famous（现在分词短语作后置定语）属于富翁和名流的房子succe

23、ssful(adj.)获得成功的，有成就的success(U/C)n.成功，成功的人或物successfully(adv.)成功地succeed(vi.)成功（+in.）be successful in(doing) sth.在(做)某事方面成功(同succeed in doing sth.)He is successful in everything. 他做什么都很成功She was successful in finding a new job.她成功地找到一份新工作 I think shell be successfulas a photographer.（介词短语作方式状语）我认为她会

24、成为一名成功的摄影师。Arthur was a highly successful (=very successful) businessman.阿瑟是个非常成功的商人。might(modal v.)可能(推测)，可以(提出建议)I might bea few minuteslate.（名词短语作程度状语）我可能会晚到几分钟。She might not want to come with us.她可能不想和我们一起去。If you need more information, you might try the Internet.如果你需要更多的信息，可以试试因特网。I thought we

25、might go to the new Chinese restaurant on Center Street.（介词短语作后置定语）我想我们可以到中央大街上新开的那家中国餐馆去。main(adj.)主要的，最重要的（只作定语/无比较级和最高级）mainly (adv.)主要地the main bedroom主卧室The main thing is not to panic.（不定式作表语）最重要事是不要惊慌。The main reasonfor living in Spain is the weather.（介词短语作后置定语）居住在西班牙的主要原因是天气。reason(C)n.原因，理由P

26、eople give different reasons for wanting to change jobs.（for引导的介词短语作后置定语）人们想换工作的理由各不相同。Wed like to know the reason why she didnt accept the job.（why引导定语从句）我们想知道她不接受这份工作的原因。The reasonI calledwas to ask about the plansfor Saturday.（定语从句引导词why略）我打电话是想问问星期六的计划。He explained the reasonsbehind the decision

27、.（介词短语作后置定语）他解释了这一决定背后的理由。The bridge is closed for reasons of safety.大桥出于安全原因被封闭了。This work gives me a reason to live.（不定式作后置定语）这份工作给了我生活的理由。Theres no reasonto panic.没有理由惊慌。(介词短语作后置定语)common(adj.)普通的，常见的Heart disease is one of the commonest causes of death.心脏病是最常见的死因之一。Bad dreams are pretty common a

28、mong children.小孩做噩梦是很常见的。Its common for new fathers to feel jealous of the baby.（不定式复合结构作真正的主语）刚做爸爸的人忌妒自己的宝宝是很常见的。Dont worry,theres nothing serious. Its just a common cold.不用担心，没什么要紧的，只是一个普通的感冒。film(C)n.(=movie)电影a filmabout a young dancer介词短语作后置定语讲述一个年轻舞者的电影We also went to see a film. 我们也去看了电影。unlu

29、cky(adj.)不幸的，倒霉的，不吉利的，不祥的Inter Milan were unluckyto lose the match.（不定式短语作原因状语）国际米兰队真不走运，输掉了比赛。Some people think black cats are unlucky.有些人认为黑猫不吉利。It is unlucky to break a mirror. （不定式短语作真正的主语）打破镜子(被认为)是不吉利的It was unlucky for Stephen that the boss happened to walk in just at that moment.（it作形式主语，tha

30、t引导主语从句）斯蒂芬真倒霉，碰巧那一刻老板走了进来。lose(vt.)(lost/lost)失去重要或需要的人/物，丢失lose ones way迷路（get lost）lose weight减肥lose heart灰心lose interest in失去兴趣Hundreds of people lost their homes in the floods.成百上千的人在水灾中失去了家园。My family lost everything in the war.我家在战争中失去了一切。He lost his leg in a motorcycle accident.他在摩托车事故中失去了一条

31、腿。Hes lost a lot of blood but his life is not in danger.他失血很多，但是没有生命危险。He lost his keys. 他丢过钥匙。girlfriend(C)n.女朋友(boyfriend)He lives in Chicago with his girlfriend.他在芝加哥和女朋友住在一起。ready(adj.)愿意的，准备好的be ready for.为准备好（状态）get ready for sth.为某事做好准备(动作)Come on. Arent you ready yet?快点，你还没准备好吗？Everythings p

32、acked, and were ready to leave.所有的东西都装好了，我们可以走了。Why does it take you so long to get ready to go out?你外出怎么要准备那么长时间？We made ready for our journey home.(做好准备)我们准备好返程回家。be ready to do sth.准备好做某事(状态)，愿意做某事He is always ready to help us.他总是乐意帮助我们。character(C)n.书、剧本、电影等中的人物，角色Candida is the most interesting

33、 character in the play.坎迪达是剧中最有趣的人物。In the story, the main character has left his girlfriend and baby.故事中，主人公离开了他的女友和孩子。Everyone recognizes Disneys cartoon characters.(认识)迪士尼的卡通人物尽人皆知。simple(adj.)简单的，易做的（simply）There is no simple answer to this question.这个问题没有简单的答案。Modern cameras are very simple to

34、use.现代照相机用起来非常简单。This problem is not as simple as you think.这个问题不像你所想的那样单纯。It is simple to answer the question. （不定式短语作真正的主语）回答此题是容易的。dress up装扮，乔装打扮，穿上盛装(短语动词/及物或不及物)dress up as打扮成dress up like打扮得像He went to the partydressed up as a Chicago gangster.（过去分词短语作方式状语）他装扮成一个芝加哥匪徒去参加聚会。We dressed him up a

35、s a gorilla.（介词短语作宾补）我们把他装扮成大猩猩。She dressed upfor the party.（介词短语作目的状语）她打扮得漂漂亮亮地（盛装打扮）去参加聚会。She dressed up her daughter for the party.她把女儿打扮得漂漂亮亮地去参加聚会。dress(vt.)给某人穿衣服（dress sb./oneself）be dressed in（white/a white jacket）穿着（白色的衣服/一件白色夹克衫）（状态）get dressed穿衣服（动作）take sb.s place代替某人(take the place of s

36、b.)I have to find someoneto take Jennys place.（不定式短语作后置定语/主谓关系）我必须找个替珍妮的人。By and by electricity will take the place of coal.不久以后, 电将取代煤。army(C)n.陆军(部队)(集体名词)He joined the army when he was 17.他17岁参加了陆军。Both my sons are in the army.我的两个儿子都在陆军服役。The army are helping to clear up after the floods.陆军部队正协助

37、洪灾后的清理工作。do a good job干得好(同do well)What do we win if we do a good job?如果我们干得好会得到什么？If you do a good job, youll be lovedjust like me.（介词短语作方式状语）如果你做得好，就会像我一样被人宠爱。he did do a good jobtaking care of my mother.（现在分词短语作方式状语）他的确把我妈妈照顾得很好。Mickey Mouse米老鼠（专有名词）Hollywood好莱坞（专有名词）the Hollywood Walk of Fame好莱坞星光大道（专有名词）8