牛津译林版八年级上册英语：阅读理解 学案.docx

1、牛津译林版八年级上册英语：阅读理解 学案阅读理解主要考查考生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的综合运用语言能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、推理判断以及对材料的评估能力等。所选材料题材多样(涉及政治、经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)。其文章长度一般为200300个单词，生词率不超过3%，要求考生阅读速度为每分钟 5070个词。常见的解题技巧有以下几点：1.细节理解题针对此类题型，考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节

2、的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文段落词语的步骤来解题。具体解题技巧如下：(1)搜寻直接答案：关键词定位法。根据题干的关键信息，在文章中寻找相关的语句，与题干核对信息，得出最终答案。(2)搜寻间接答案：转换相关语句法。根据题干的关键信息，在文章中寻找相关段落与句子，并转换为选项中的表述，核对选项的意义与文章的意义是否一致。2.推理判断题此类试题要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。具体解题技巧如下：(1)根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑推论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得

3、出合乎逻辑的结论。解答这类试题的前提是获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行推断。(2)根据作者的思想倾向和感情色彩判断观点和态度。所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐藏在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。(3)根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处。判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容来着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等；广告类文章因

4、其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章，如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖，时效性强。3.词/句义猜测题此类试题的目的在于检测考生利用上下文，理解词、词组以及句子的能力。具体解题技巧如下：(1)根据上下文语境猜测词/句义。有些单词或句子不能直接猜测出其意思，但可以根据上下文提示来进行推测。(2)通过定义、定语(从句)、同位语(从句)及举例来猜测词义。作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中会对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜测词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解

5、释的词，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。(3)通过构词法来猜测词义。有些生词很难通过上下文来推测其词义，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时，掌握一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识就很容易推测。4.主旨/段落大意、标题归纳和写作意图此类试题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章或段落进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类试题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时,需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐藏的信息。具体解题技巧如下：(1)

6、关注核心及高频词汇。在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切合文章的中心论题。(2)根据主题句提炼标题。标题对文章的主题具有概括性，因此寻找文章的主题句是解答标题归纳题的核心。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。例如：阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Dear Sang Lian,I have fun in Australia. I like t

7、his country. In Australia,the seasons are not like ours. When its winter in China, its summer here. June, July and August are winter months inAustralia. September, October and November are spring.Summer is in December, January and February. March, April and May are autumn months. My family and I liv

8、e in Sydney.This is a beautiful city. It has some interesting places like theSydney Opera House, Bondi(邦迪) Beach and the SydneyHarbour(海港) Bridge. Oh, the weather in the city is very great. Its not too hot in summer and its not too cold in winter. It often rains in winter. Do you know what I like do

9、ing here? In summer, I like going to the beach to play beach vol-leyball. In winter, I like going to the zoo to see the koalas. Idont like spring or autumn. I dont know why.Yours,Mu Lan( )1. In September, its in Australia. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter( )2. The underlined word means“ ”in C

10、hinese. A. 温度 B.气候 C. 湿度 D. 季节( )3. Which of the following places is not in Australia?A. The Sydney Opera House.B. Bondi Beach.C. The Sydney Harbour Bridge.D. Tower Bridge.( )4. In summer, Mu Lan enjoys .A. going swimmingB. going to the zooC. playing beach volleyballD. going to the Sydney Opera Hous

11、e( )5. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Its summer in June in Australia.B. Mu Lan doesnt know why she doesnt like au-tumn.C. Sang Lian and her family live in Australia.D. In winter, it often snows in Sydney.解析：1. A 细节理解题。 由“September, October and Novem-ber are spring.”可知答案为 A。2.D 词义猜测题。 由下文可知，这里指的是

12、季节，因此答案为D。3. D 细节理解题。 由“the Sydney Opera House, BondiBeach and the Sydney Harbour Bridge”可知答案为 D。4. C 细节理解题。 由“I like going to the beach to play beach volleyball”可知答案为 C。5. B 细节理解题。 由“I dont like spring or autumn. Idont know why.”可知答案为 B。专题五 阅读理解特训AOn my recent trip to Sydney with my parents, we vis

13、ited the Wildlife Park.The Wildlife Park has lots of different animals and birds.Some are native to Australia and can only be found there.There are over 600 animals there, including kangaroos, koalas and crocodiles. They are kept in their natural environment. Ilike the Wildlife Park better than a zo

14、o where most of the ani-mals are in cages.We first spent some time with the kangaroos. We were al-lowed to touch and feed them. It was very exciting to be so close to them. There were koalas there too. They looked very cuddly. Although we were not allowed to carry them, I got to take a photo with on

15、e. It is a wonderful souvenir of my holiday in Sydney.The Wildlife Park has plenty of freshwater and saltwater crocodiles. Some of them are really big and scary with huge teeth! I did not want to get too close to them.There was also a bird show. The keepers showed us dif-ferent species they had. I s

16、aw an old parrot which could“talk”. It made a great impression on me.I enjoyed the trip very much. There was so much to see.( )1. Where is the Wildlife Park? A. In Sydney. B. In Cairo. C. In Athens. D. In Rome.( )2. What is a wonderful souvenir of the writers holiday?A. A parrot that could talk.B. A

17、 chance to feed a koala.C. A photo with a koala.D. Food for the kangaroos.( )3. Why didnt the writer want to get very close to the crocodiles?A. They lived in water.B. The writer was afraid of them.C. The writer did not want to feed them.D. The writer did not like the smell of saltwater.( )4. Which

18、of the following is true?A. The kangaroos are kept in cages in the WildlifePark.B. The writer travelled to the Wildlife Park alone.C. The writer went to see koalas first.D. The writer watched a bird show.( )5. How did the writer feel after visiting the WildlifePark? A. Excited. B. Unhappy. C. Bored.

19、 D. Hopeless.BBike-sharing has s wept across China, with an increasing number of people choosing bike r iding instead of driving. The bike that the service company provides has GPS or Bluetooth on it, and those bikes can be easily unlocked with a smart phone and left anywhere in public. Bike-sharing

20、 allows people to borrow a bike from one place and return it at another place easily.In some cities, we can see more and more people riding this kind of sharing-bikes. Its very convenient to use the bikes if you have a smart phone. First, you have to download such an APP on your smart phone. Then wh

21、at you need to do is to find a nearest bike through the APP, scan the QR code on the bike or connect your phone with the bike over a Bluetooth wireless connection. You will find the bike can be unlocked it-self. Then you can enjoy your trip. Whats more, the greatest advantage of bike-sharing is that

22、 you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it. The cost of riding depends on the time that you spend. Normally, every hour you ride,you need to pay three yuan. It doesnt cost so much, does it?At the same time, some people park the bikes in their own homes. Besides, some people dont

23、 value the bikes. Now service companies are trying to solve the problem like being stolen.Technology and science have changed our social lifestyles.We have to say bike-sharing brings us more convenience with-out doubt. And we also hope that people can not only enjoy it but also put it to good use.(

24、)1. From the first paragraph, we know .A. bike-sharing is invented in ChinaB. sharing-bikes are used by some peopleC. most people in cities dont driveD. sharing-bikes can be borrowed anywhere( )2. The underlined word“scan”in Paragraph 2 probably means in Chinese. A. 浏览 B. 扫描 C. 审视 D. 细查( )3. If you

25、want to use a sharing-bike, you must first.A. have a smart phone and download an APPB. download an APP and pay for the tripC. unlock the bike and download an APPD. find a nearest bike and borrow it from anyone( )4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage?A. Bike-sharing is very cheap

26、.B. Sharing-bikes may be stolen.C. Sharing-bikes are easy to unlock.D. Bike-sharing is a kind of green transport.第 9 页 共 17 页( )5. The passage probably comes from a . A. science textbook B. tourist guide C. website news report D. restaurant menuCIs it very difficult for you to park your car when you

27、 go out? Dont worry. Parking Insider can help you.Parking Insider is a smart app with a mobile wallet. You can use it to help you park your car quickly and pay for the parking in a really short time. The app also invites users to earn free minutes of parking by taking pictures of free parking spaces

28、. The app uses the photos to make a heat map. The map lets other users find open parking spaces more easily. If you want to use the app, you should be one of the clients of Deut-sche Bank. As a client of Deutsche Bank, you can have an ac-count to pay for your parking through the app. Youd also need

29、to drive Mercedes-Benz, a smart car or other Daimler products. To give better service, the makers of the app are trying hard to be partners with other banks and car companies.The app is very popular now, but it has to face plenty of competitions. Cities are making their own parking and paying apps.

30、There are a number of companies already focusing on the issue, too, including Park Now and PayByPhone.( )1. What is the Parking Insider?A. Its a car company.B. Its a mobile wallet.C. Its a smart app.D. Its a bank card.( )2. What does the Parking Insider use pictures from users to do?A. To earn free

31、minutes of parking.B. To give users better service.C. To make a map which helps users parking.D. To pay for the parking through the app.( )3. What should you have if you want to use Parking In-sider?A. A map with pictures.B. Some pictures of free parking spaces.C. A new car made in America.D. An acc

32、ount at Deutsche Bank.( )4. What does the underlined word“issue”refer to?A. Face plenty of competitions.B. Cities make parking and paying apps.C. Try to be partners with banks.D. Help peoples parking with an app.( )5. Where can you probably read the passage?A. In a history book.B. On a website of sc

33、ience.C. In a newspaper for students.D. In a book about singers.DMom and Dadtheyre two of the most important people in your life. You probably see at least one of them every day and, over your lifetime, they may influence you more than anyone else you will meet.Moms and Dads need to care for their k

34、ids from the minute they are born. Its a parents job to love and help kidsand most parents will do this as possible as they can, e-ven when the“kids”grow up and have children of their own.That means you have many years ahead to share with your mom and dad.Here are some ways you can stay close, get a

35、long and build a strong relationship:Spend time together. Dont play a computer game or watch TV by yourself. Ask your mom and dad to play with you, go outside together, play a game, or read a book out loud. Try to spend more time together.Share your feeling and ask for help. Many kids say theyd like

36、 their parents to help them when theyre unhappy. Tell them if youre sad or have a problem. Theyll be happy to help you.Be kind and caring. Little things might mean a lot to your mom or dad. You can brighten a parents day with a hug, a card, or a joke. Its also lovely when a kid cleans up his or her

37、room without being asked. Its important to show that you care for each other. Kids and parents show their love by re-specting each other, and being caring, polite and thoughtful.Do your best at whatever you do. You dont have to be perfect, but when you do your best you make your parents proud. It ma

38、kes them happy to see how youre turning into a great kid. Why? Because it lets them know youre doing a good job.( )1. Your parents are two of the most important people in your life because they .A. see you every dayB. have duty to care for youC. need your helpD. influence you more than anyone else(

39、)2. Most parents after their kids have grown up.A. stop helping their kidsB. try their best to help their kidsC. leave their kidsD. are busy taking exercise( )3. Kids should when theyre unhappy.A. watch TV by themselvesB. play a game with their parentsC. tell their parents and ask for helpD. be kind

40、 to their parents( )4. The underlined word“brighten”in the sixth para-graph means in Chinese. A. 使忙碌 B. 使愉快 C. 使悲伤 D. 使紧张( )5. Which can be the best title for the passage?A. Get Along with Your ParentsB. Talk to Your ParentsC. Love Your ParentsD. Spend More Time with Your ParentsESometimes people co

41、me into your life and you know at once that they were sure to be there. They teach you a lesson or help find out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be: your classmate, neigh-bor, teacher, long-lost friend or even a real stranger. But you know that every moment

42、 they will affect your life in some se-rious ways.Sometimes things happen to you. At the time they may seem terrible, painful and unfair. But later you realize that without getting over those difficulties you would never realize your further ability and strength. Everything happens for a reason and

43、nothing happens by chance or with good or bad luck.The people you meet affect your life, and the success and failure you experience create who you are. Even the bad expe-riences can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones.Enjoy every day even every moment and

44、 take from it eve-rything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people you have never talked to before, and really listen. You should set your sights high,hold your head up, tell yourself you are a great one and believe in yourself.You can make your life an

45、ything you wish. Create your own life and then go out and live it.( )1. The people we meet .A. all know where to find usB. serve us on no purposeC. wont become our neighborsD. will change us in some ways( )2. From the passage, we know that bad things can make us .A. terribly meet bad luckB. realize

46、our further abilityC. find no serious successD. possibly enjoy every moment( )3. The underlined word“poignant” in the passage means “ ”. A.平淡的 B.明显的 C.深刻的 D.艰苦的( )4. The writers advice is that we should .A. never talk to strange peopleB. learn as much as we can each dayC. get over difficulties painfullyD. not believe in ourselves but others( )5. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Create Your Own LifeB. Hold Your Head UpC. P