初中英语鲁教版（五四制）九年级全册Unit 1 When was it invented知识点.doc

1、九年级英语全册Unit 1知识点【Section A】一、重点单词及短语1.electricity 电；电能；n.不可数例：The Three Gorges Dam produces electricity for millions of people in China.三峡大坝为数百万中国人发电。拓展electric 形容词，电力的；导电的；电动的；常作定语，指以电为动力进行工作的装置。例：an electric car 一辆电动汽车 electrical 形容词，电的；与电有关的，表示与电有关的东西或研究电气科学等。例：an electrical engineer2.style 样式；款式

2、；方式；作风 n.the style of 意为“的样式/风格”例：The style of the skirt is just in season.拓展常用短语：in style 意为“流行的；时髦的”out of style 意为“过时的”a life style 意为“生活方式”3.pleasure 愉快；高兴 n.不可数例：It gives me great pleasure to grow flowers.种花带给我很大的乐趣。可数名词，快乐的事拓展pleased 形容词，高兴的，喜欢的，句子的主语通常是人。例：We are very pleased with our new hou

3、se.我们对我们的新房子很满意。pleasant形容词，令人高兴的，令人愉快的，修饰事物。例：I hope you have a pleasant trip.4.daily 每日的，日常的 adj.例：What is your daily work?拓展daily 还可作名词，意为“日报”Peoples Daily 人民日报 China Daily 中国日报与daily 结构相似的词有：weekly 每周的 monthly 每月的 yearly 每年的5.list 列表；列清单 v.例：Please list all the things you want to buy.拓展list 用作可数

4、名词，意为“名单；清单” 短语：make a list 列清单例：You can make a list of things to do.6.mention 提到；说到 v.其后可接名词、代词、动词-ing 形式或 that 从句作宾语。例：He didnt mention his illness in the letter.拓展Dont mention it.意为“不客气；不用谢”，常用作对他人致谢时的答语。例：- Thanks a lot.- Dont mention it.7.remain 剩下，停留；逗留 v.例：A few pears remain on the tree.拓展rem

5、ain 用作连系动词时，意为“保持不变；仍然是”，后接形容词、名词、分词或介词短语作表语。例：The room remains cool all summer.8.smell（smelt, smelt; smelled, smelled）可数名词气味例：It gives off a nice smell.它散发出芳香的气味。连系动词，闻起来；发出气味， 后接形容词作表语。及物动词，闻；闻到例：Have you smelled something burning? 你闻到东西烧焦的气味了吗？9.popularity 受欢迎；普及 n.不可数其形容词形式为popular，意为“受欢迎的，流行的”。

6、常用短语：the popularity of .意为“的普及”例：The popularity of the Internet has risen.因特网的普及程度已经上升了。10.doubt 怀疑 v.常用短语：without doubt 意为“毫无疑问；的确”No doubt 意为“无疑；确实地”例：A sudden doubt came to my mind.拓展doubt 还可用作动词，意为“怀疑”。后可接名词、代词、if / whether / that 从句等作宾语。例：He doubted Jim, since he was ever dishonest.11.somebody

7、某人 不定代词相当于 someone，通常用于肯定句中；在否定句或疑问句中通常用 anybody（相当于 anyone）。不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例：Has anybody read the book?拓展somebody 还可用作名词，意为“重要人物”。例：She must be somebody.12.lock 锁，锁上 v.例：Dont forget to lock the door before you leave.拓展lock 还可用作名词，意为“锁”例：This is the key to the lock.13.musical 音乐的；有音乐天赋的 adj.它是由

8、名词 music“音乐”加后缀-al 构成的。例：I want to know something about yesterdays musical performance.二、重点句子1.I think the TV was invented before the car.我认为电视是在小汽车之前被发明的。invent 及物动词，意为“发明”，指创造出前所未有的东西，尤指科技上的发明创造。例：- Do you know who invented the electric light bulb?助记： inventor 名词，发明家invent 动词，发明invention 名词，发明2.Wh

9、at is it/ are they used for? 它/它们是用来作什么的？be used for 被用来做后接名词，代词，动名词，表示用途，相当于 be used to do sth.例：Keys are used for opening doors.= Keys are used to open doors.3.shoes with special heels 有特殊鞋跟的鞋子with 介词，意为“有；带有；具有”，表示某物带有或具有某种特性。介词短语 with special heels 作shoes 的后置定语。例：a coat with four pockets拓展with 作

10、介词，用法很多，常见的还有： 意为“和.在一起”，表示伴随。例：I like to talk freely with my friends. 意为“用.”，表示使用某种工具、手段等。例：Cut the watermelon with a knife. 意为“关于，对于，对.来说”，表示关系等。例：Are you pleased with the result?4.- Can you help me think of an invention? 你能帮我想个发明嘛？-My pleasure! 乐意效劳！（1）Can you .?意为“你能.吗？”，其后接动词原形。此句型表示客气地请求某人做某事，

11、其肯定回答一般为 Sure, Id love/like to./ With pleasure.等。否定回答中常用 sorry.代替 No.以表示礼貌，即“Sorry, I cant”或“Im sorry, but”。例：- Can/Could you go shopping with me?- Sure, Id love to./ Sorry, I cant.I have to do my homework.（2）My pleasure! 此处意为“乐意效劳！”拓展My pleasure.常用作对谢意的客气回答，相当于 Its a pleasure./ A pleasure./ Its my

12、pleasure.例：- Thanks for your help.-My pleasure.With pleasure.意为“非常愿意”，常用于表示乐于接受或同意某事。例：- Could you help me with my match?-With pleasure.（3）pleasure 此处用作不可数名词，意为“愉快；高兴”。也可用作可数名词，意为“快乐的事”。例：It gives me much pleasure to be with you.辨析：pleasure, pleased 与pleasantu pleasure 名词表示“愉快，高兴”，多用于口语：Its my/a ple

13、asure./With pleasure.u pleased 形容词一般用作表表语，偶尔也作定语，高兴地，喜欢的，句子的主语是人u pleasant 形容词作定语，令人高兴的，令人愉快的，修饰事物，不能修饰人作表语，使人感到高兴地、愉快的，句子的主语是表示事物的词语，它侧重客观地、总体地描述事物例：It is a pleasure to talk with her.We are very pleased with our new house.I hope you have a pleasant trip.5.Is it really such a great invention? 它真的是如此

14、了不起的一项发明吗？“such (a/an) + adj.+ n.”意为“如此.的（一个）.”例：Why do you buy such expensive clothes?辨析：such 与 sou such 后接名词或名词短语such (a/an) + adj.+ n.some/any/no+ such + n.例：I have never seen such a beautiful place before.u so 后接形容词或副词so + adj./adv.或 so + adj.+ a/an + n.so + many/much/few/little + n.例：My father

15、bought me so lovely a dog.6.Well, you do seem to have a point.嗯，看来你说的确实有道理。(1) 助动词do表示强调do 放在谓语动词前面，可表示强调，意为“的确；确实；真的”，此时谓语动词要用原形。例：Please do be quiet for a moment.请务必安静一会儿。(2) Seem to do sth 好像做某事例：My father seemed to be sleeping.我父亲好像正在睡觉。拓展“seem+形容词”（=seem to be+形容词）好像/似乎.例：You seem (to be) happy

16、.你好像很高兴。It seems that.好像/似乎.可以和sb seem(s) to do sth 进行转换。例：It seems that they know/ They seem to know whats happening.好像他们知道正在发生什么事。7.Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident? 你知道茶这种在世界上最受欢迎的饮品（仅次于水），是偶然被发明的吗？(1) by accident 意为“偶然地，意外地”。其同义短语

17、为 by chance。反义词 on purpose.例：I met her by accident in a crowded bus.拓展 accident 名词 事故，意外的事，偶然的事。例：Six passengers were killed in the traffic accident.六名乘客在交通事故中丧生。Many people believe that tea was first drunk about 5000years ago.许多人认为在大约 5000 年前茶首次被引用。(2) ago 副词，意为“以前”。“时间段 + ago”表示的时间以“现在”为基准，意为“若干时间

18、以前”，通常与一般过去式连用。例：It happened two days ago.I met him a few minutes ago.8.It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以引用。It is said that that.意为“据说；有人说.”，相当于 People say that。其中 it 是形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。例：It is said that they have won

19、 the game.拓展类似的句型还有：It is believed that“人们认为”； It is reported that.“据报道”；It is known that“众所周知”； It is supposed that“据猜测.”。9.One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over an open fire.有一天，神农正在户外的炉火上烧饮用水。（1）boil 此处用作及物动词，意为“煮沸；烧开”，也可用作不及物动词。例：The boy is boiling water.拓展boiling water 意为“沸水”，形容水目前正

20、在沸腾的状态；boiled water 意为“开水”，形容水曾经被烧开过的状态。例：Im thirsty.Please give me some boiled water.（2）over 此处用作介词，意为“在.上方”，指垂直在某物的上方，与物体没有接触面。例：The lamp hung over the table.10.Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.一些叶子从茶树上落入这水里并在里面停留了一段时间。（1）fall into 意为“落入；陷入”例：He fel

21、l into the river suddenly.拓展与fall 有关的短语：fall behind 落后 fall down 摔倒 fall off 掉下 fall asleep 入睡（2）some time 意为“一段时间” 例：I will stay here for some time.辩析：some time, sometimes, some times 与 sometimeu some time 名词短语表示一段时间，常常与延续性动词连用，对它提问用 how longu sometimes 频度副词表示有时，表示动作发生的频率，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首、句中或句末u so

22、me times 名词短语表示几次；几倍，其中 time 是可数名词，对它提问用 how many timesu sometime 副词表示某时，表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用 when例：I need some time to do my homework.She comes to visit us sometimes。Lucy has been to Beijing some times.Jack will leave for America sometime next week.11.It produced a nice smell so he taste

23、d the brown water.它发出一种香味，所有他尝了尝这种褐色的水。（1）smell 此处用作名词，意为“气味” 例：It gives off a nice smell.拓展smell 还可用作连系动词，意为“闻起来”，其后常接形容词作表语。例：The flowers smell good.（2）taste 此处用作及物动词，意为“品尝”例：Lets taste the soup.拓展taste 还可作名词，意为“味道；品味”例：The food has different tastes.taste 用作连系动词，意为“尝起来”，其后接形容词作表语。例：These oranges t

24、aste nice.12 .one of the worlds favorite drinks was invented.世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一被发明了。one of 后接复数名词或代词宾格形式，意为“.之一”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。例：One of them is good at English.拓展“one of + the +形容词最高级 + 名词复数”意为“最.之一”例：The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.13.A few thousand years later, Lu Yu, “the

25、 saint of tea”, mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing.几千年以后，“茶圣”陆羽在他的茶经一书中提到了神农。thousand 数词，意为“千”。当表示确切数目时用“基数词 + thousand”；如果thousand 前为表示不确切数目的词，如 a few, some, several 等时，thousand 也用原形。例：There are two/several thousand students here.拓展thousand of 表示概数，意为“数以千计的；成千上万的”，这时 thousand 后加-s，且后面有介词 of，但

26、是不能与数词连用。例：There are thousands of people in the company.与 thousand 用法类似的词还有：hundred “百”；million“百万”；billion“十亿”14.It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.人们认为茶是在 6 世纪和 7 世纪期间被带到了朝鲜和日本。It is believed that.意为“人们认为.”，其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。相当于Peopl

27、e believe that.例：It is believed that it is well worth seeing.15.In English, tea didnt appear until around 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink.在英国，直到大约 1660 年茶才出现，但是在不到 100 年的时间里，它成为了全国性的饮品。（1）notuntil意为“直到.才”，主句的动词一般是非延续性动词，它所表示的动作直到 until 所表示的时间才发生。until 可用作介词，其后接表示时间

28、的名词；也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。例：She cant leave until Friday.You cant leave until your work is finished.Until she told me about it, I hadnt realized the thing was serious.（2）less than 意为“少于”。其反义短语为 more than，意为“超过；多于”例：He sleeps less than seven hours every night.16.The tea trade from China to Western countries

29、 took place in the 19th century.从中国到西方国家的茶叶贸易出现在19 世纪。（1）take place 意为“发生；出现；举行”，常指有计划、有安排地“发生” 例：The next meeting will take place on Thursday.辨析：take place 与 happen二者都有“发生”之意，都无被动语态，但用法不同，具体如下：u take place “发生；举行；举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”， 即事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先经过安排例：The celebration ceremony takes place in July

30、 every year.u happen “发生；碰巧”，一般用于偶然或突发性事件例：How did the accident happen?（2）in the 19th century 意为“在 19 世纪”，其中 century 为名词，意为“世纪；百年”例：I think advertising was highly developed in the twentieth century.17.They sold the fridge at a low price.他们以低价出售了冰箱。（1）at a low price 意为“以低价”。at 为介词，后接某一具体价格或 price，表示“

31、以.的价格”例：I bought this watch at a low price.（2）low 形容词，意为“低的；矮的”。其对应的反义词为 high例：The sun is low in the sky now.拓展low 作形容词是，还可意为“不高兴的；情绪低落的”。例：Shes still feeling pretty low about failing that exam.18.Different writers translated the book into different languages.不同的作家把这本书翻译成了不同的语言。translate 用作及物动词，意为“翻

32、译”，常用于 translate.into.结构中，意为“把.翻译成”。其名词 translator 意为“翻译家；译者”；translation 意为“翻译”。例：These poems dont translate easily.19.The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers were brought to a safe place.地震突然发生了，但是幸运的是村民们被带到了安全的地方。all of a sudden 意为“突然；猛地”，相当于 suddenly，可放在句首或句末。例：All of

33、a sudden, the lights went out.The boy began crying all of a sudden.【Section B】一、重点单词及短语1.salty 咸的；含盐的 adj.是由名词 salt“盐，食盐”加-y 构成的形容词例：He didnt have much for dinner because the dishes were too salty.拓展“名词+y”构成形容词：在英语中，很多名词后加-y 可以构成形容词，如：cloud-cloudy, wind-windy, rain-rainy, sleep-sleepy 等。2.sour 酸的 ad

34、j.sour 形容词，意为“酸的；有酸味的”例：This orange is very sour.3.Canadian 加拿大的；加拿大人的 adj.例：Her sister is a Canadian teacher.拓展 Canadian 用作可数名词，意为“加拿大人”。其复数形式为 Canadians。例：Two Canadians are taking photos in the park.4.divide 分开，分散 v.及物动词，指把整体分成若干部分。 divide.into.意为“把.分成.”例：He divided the cake among the children.他把这

35、个蛋糕分给了孩子们。Lets divide ourselves into several groups.咱们分成几个小组吧。5.hero 英雄 n.可数名词，其复数形式为 heroes例：There are many heroes in the history of China.The hero of the film is Jackie Chan.6.professional 职业的；专业的 adj.它是由名词 profession“职业；专业”加后缀-al 构成的，通常用作定语。例：He wants to be a professional basketball player.二、重点句子

36、1.Potato chips were invented by mistake.炸薯片是无意中被发明的。by mistake 介词短语，意为“无意中，错误地”，在句中作状语。例：I took your pen by mistake.She got on the wrong bus by mistake.2.The customer was happy in the end.最后顾客高兴了。in the end 意为“最后；最终”，其后不接 of 短语，相当于 at last, finally。此短语强调经过许多变化莫测的情况之后某事才发生。例：They were out of danger i

37、n the end.拓展 at the end of.后接地点名词时，表示“在.尽头”；后接表示时间的名词时，表示“在.结束时”。例：Walk along the street and youll find the hospital at the end of the street.Well have an English test at the end of this week.by the end of.意为“在.以前，到.为止”，常用于将来时态或过去完成时态的句子中。例：We will finish the work by the end of this year.3.Basketbal

38、l is a much-loved and active sport that is enjoyed by many for fun and experience.篮球运动是一种备受热爱而且充满活力的运动，作为娱乐和锻炼（方式），它被很多人喜欢。Much-loved 意为“深受喜爱的”。该词是由“副词+过去分词”构成的复合形容词，在句中可作定语或表语。例：Her much-loved younger brother will be back tomorrow.4.It is over 100 years old and is played by more than 100 million pe

39、ople in over 200 countries.篮球运动由 100 多年的历史了， 有 200 多个国家的一亿多人打篮球。over 介词，“多于；超过”，相当于 more than，说明数目和程度。例：There are over/more than four hundred students in our school.我们学校有400名学生。在之上 （垂直且不接触）例：The light is over the table.灯在桌子的上方。在期间；在时间内例：I have done some interesting things over the three years.这三年来我做

40、了一些有趣的事情。穿越 （指从某物的上方越过）例：She climbed over the wall.她翻过墙去。到处，各处例：Well travel all over the world.我们将周游世界。5.Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861.篮球是加拿大的一位名叫詹姆斯.奈史密斯的医生发明的，他出生于 1861 年。who was born in 1861 是一个非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思，并且常用逗号与主

41、句分开，翻译时常译成并列的分居。例：Our classroom is cleaned by Tom every day, who is always the first one to get to school.6.Dr.Naismith created a game to be played inside on a hard floor.奈史密斯医生创造了一种在室内的硬地板上进行的运动。to be played 是不定式 to play 的被动形式；to be played 作后置定语，修饰 game，其中 game 是play 动作的承受者，二者是被动关系。例：He wanted the

42、letter to be typed at once.7.Dr.Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯医生把他的班里的男生分成两队，并教他们玩他的新运动。（1）divide.into意为“把分成.”，其被动结构为 be divided into, 意为“被分为.”。例：Lets divide ourselves into several groups.The students in our class are divided into eight

43、 groups.（2）divide 及物动词，意为“分开；分割”，指把整体分成若干部分。例：He divided the cake among the children.（3）teach sb.to do sth.意为“教某人做某事”例：He taught us to serve the people heart and soul.拓展 teach 的常用短语还有：teach sb.sth.教某人某事；teach oneself 自学例：She taught us English at school.8.At the same time, they need to stop the compe

44、ting team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们需要阻止对方把球投到他们自己的篮筐里。（1）at the same time 意为“同时”，其中 same 为形容词，意为“相同的”，使用时前面一般要加定冠词 the。例：We both got to school at the same time this morning.（2）stopfrom doing意为“阻止做”。在主动语态中 from 可以省略，但在被动语态中不能省略。例：The workers had to work for hours to stop the s

45、hip from going down.9.Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.随着许多年轻人梦想着成为著名的运动员，篮球运动已经在世界范围内普及开来。dream of/about 意为“梦想.；向往”。例：The boy dreams of/about becoming a scientist.10.The number of foreign players, including Ch

46、inese players, in the NBA has increased.在 NBA 的外国运动员包括中国运动员的数量已经增加了。including 介词，意为“包含，包括”，须置于它所说明的名词或代词之前。例：They have many pets, including three cats.11.Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人钦佩这些篮球英雄，并且想成为像他们一样的人。（1）look up to 意为“钦佩；仰慕”。其中 to 为介词，其后可

47、接名词或代词作宾语。例：They look up to him for his knowledge.拓展 look up to 还可意为“仰起头看.”例：The girl is so short that she has to look up to her elder sister.12.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.这些明星激励着年轻人为实现他们的梦想而努力学习。（1）encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例：The teacher often encourage us to study