2024年中考英语语法复习定状宾三大从句讲解精编版（含练习题及答案）.docx

1、2024年中考英语语法复习定状宾三大从句讲解精编版定语从句中考分析：定语从句的关系词是考查的热点。一概念：我们知道定语是修饰名词的，那定语从句是一个句子做定语修饰名词性成分，相当于形容词，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。二. 成分1.关系词： 概念：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，结构：关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有where，when，why等。 作用：(1)引导定语从句，放在先行词与定语从句中间起连接作用。 （2)代替先行词。(3)在定语从句中担当某一成分。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词3.从句 修饰 例

2、句：She likes musicians who play different kinds of music. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 基本结构： 先行词+关系词+从句本身三、关系词.关系代词的用法（关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose）1关系代词是代替人或物的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。常见的关系代词的用法：关系代词在从句中的作用指代的内容that主语或宾语指人或物which主语或宾语指物（可与that互换）who 主语（在口语和非正式文体中也常用作宾语）指人（可与that互换）whom是who的宾格，作宾语指人whose是who的所有格，作后面名

3、词的定语指人或物 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？ 关系代词做主语 He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。 关系代词做宾语 A prosperity（which/thathad never been seen before定语从句修饰prosperity） appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。 The package(which/thatyou are carrying定语从句修饰Package) is abou

4、t to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 关系代词做定语表示谁的2. 特殊用法： 引导定语从句的关系代词that，which指物时，可以互相替换，以下几种情况只能用that，不能用which。（中考常设考题）口诀：代特双疑高 代当先行词是anything，everything，nothing，something，few，all，none，little，some等不定代词时，或者是由every，any，all，some，no，l

5、ittle，few，much等修饰时。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最终，小偷偷的所有东西全部交给了警察。高 当先行词被序数词、数词、形容词或最高级修饰时The first English book that I read was The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain. 我读的第一本书是马克吐温写的王子与贫儿。 双 先行词既有人又有物时；He talked about the teachers and school that he visit

6、ed. 他在讲他以前访问过的学校和老师。 特 先行词被the same,the very，the only修饰时He is the very that helped the girl out of the water. 他从水中救起了那个女孩。 疑当先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词时Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 那个站在门口的人是谁？3. 特殊用法： 引导定语从句的关系代词that，which指物时，可以互相替换，以下几种情况只能用which，不能用that。在非限制性定语从句 She lost the game, wh

7、ich depressed her greatly.介词后The pen with which you are writing is Jedds.先行词为that， those Whats that which is under the desk？ 关系副词的用法关系副词在定语从句中作状语，一般不可省略。1when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其前一般有表时间的名词。There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。2where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前一般有表地点的名词。Thats the hotel

8、where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。3why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason。She didnt tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。四：分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，并与主句关系密切。The film which we saw last night was wonderful. 非限制性定语从句：主句与从句之间有逗号分开，对

9、前一句话起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.五：定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。”the one of/the only one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人 He is one of the students in his class who h

10、ave been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一六：关系副词 与 介词+ 关系代词（which）1.when在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词表示时间，相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on which2. where在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词表示地点，相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”This is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是原因，相当于“介词for+

11、关系代词（which）”。 you know the reason why she was late. for which做题顺序1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。做题方法1.先看空前先行词和空后词的关系，如果两个词符合“所属关系”,也就是“谁的什么,则选择whose。2.如果不是所属关系，那么选项中如果有that直接选择that。3.如果没有that,就观察先行词，先行词是物选which,先行词是人选w

12、ho。4.从句结构完整时，选用关系副词：(1)如果先行词表示时间，则用when。(2)如果先行词表示地点，则用where。(3)如果先行词是reason,则用why。例题：题组训练一、选择适当的词填空1.The boy (who;whom;which)is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The only e-mail (who;that;which)I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people (that;which;whom)talk much but do little.4.The

13、hotel (which;that;where)we stayed last summer is a good one.5.Can you help me find some information about Einstein (which;who;whom)I can use for my report?6.This is the most amazing photo (which;that;who)I have ever seen.随堂练习1.(2019厦门质检,33)We will never forget the heroes lost their lives while fight

14、ing a forest fire.A.whenB.whoC.why2.(2018厦门质检,33)Amazing China is a documentary shows Chinas achievements over the past five years.A.thatB.whoC.what3.(2019宁德质检,29)The TV play All Is Well shows the problems among Chinese family members triggered(引起) heated discussion.A.whatB.whichC.who4.(2018龙岩质检,35)

15、The “Chinese Bridge”competition is open to college students were not born in China.A.whichB./C.who5.(2018宁德质检,30)“Beijing 8 Minutes” was shown at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics used modern technology to send welcome to the world.A.whoseB.thatC.who全国题组1.(2019河南,28)Do you

16、 know the boy over there?The one is holding a ball?Oh, thats my neighbor Phil.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.不填2.(2019福建,33)Du Fuguo is a hero is known to millions of Chinese people.A.whoB.whichC.what3.(2019广东,44)Not all childrenwatch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in scienc

17、e.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose4.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特,6)Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat tells you your weight?A./B.whoC.whomD.that5.(2019湖北黄冈,34)Tomorrow is Fathers Day. Whats your surprise for your father?The first thing I will do is to make a card for him.A.whoB.wher

18、eC.whoseD.that6.(2019湖南长沙,29)China is getting better at making hi-tech products can be bought in all parts of the world.A.whoB.whichC.what7.(2019贵州贵阳,35)Wang Yangming is a great educationalist developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen.A.whichB.whatC.who8.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐,34)The teacherI like best often en

19、courages memy dream.A.who;fight forB.that;to fight forC.which;to fight forD.which;fight for9.(2018吉林长春,18)Jack likes being with the classmates are outgoing and kind.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who10.(2018湖北黄冈,33)Class, you should be thankful to those people helped and supported you.We will, Miss Chen.A.wh

20、ichB.whomC.whoD.whose11.(2017湖北黄冈,38)Have you heard of Hansel and Gretel?Yes. Hansel is a smart boy often comes up with a good idea.A.whoB.whomC.whereD.which12.(2017河南,33)I hate the dogslive in the next house. They make loud noises all night.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom13.(2017广东,44)According to a survey

21、, peopleare able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.who14.(2016广西南宁,35)I dont like the peopledont help others when they are in trouble.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.what15.(2016河南,32)Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie e

22、xperience people cannot get at home.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.what16.(2015湖北黄冈,37)Which song do you like better,Lucy?I prefer the song Little Applecan attract many people.A.which B.who C.whom D.where题组训练一、选择适当的词填空1.The boy who(who;whom;which)is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The only e-mail that(who;t

23、hat;which)I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people that(that;which;whom)talk much but do little.4.The hotel where(which;that;where)we stayed last summer is a good one.5.Can you help me find some information about Einstein which(which;who;whom)I can use for my report?6.This is the most

24、 amazing photo that(which;that;who)I have ever seen.随堂练习1.(2019厦门质检,33)We will never forget the heroes lost their lives while fighting a forest fire.A.whenB.whoC.why【答案】B【解析】句意:我们永远不会忘记在扑灭森林火灾中献出生命的英雄。本题考查定语从句。先行词heroes属于人,设空处在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词who或that,故选B。2.(2018厦门质检,33)Amazing China is a documentary

25、 shows Chinas achievements over the past five years.A.thatB.whoC.what【答案】A【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意:厉害了,我的国是一部展示中国过去五年来的成就的纪录片。分析句子结构可知,先行词为“documentary”,设空处在从句中作主语,故用关系代词that,故选A。3.(2019宁德质检,29)The TV play All Is Well shows the problems among Chinese family members triggered(引起) heated discussion.A.whatB.whi

26、chC.who【答案】B【解析】句意:展现中国家庭成员关系问题的电视剧都挺好引起了热烈的讨论。本题考查定语从句。先行词All Is Well属于物,用关系代词which或者that,故选B。4.(2018龙岩质检,35)The “Chinese Bridge”competition is open to college students were not born in China.A.whichB./C.who【答案】C【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意:“汉语桥”比赛向不在中国出生的大学生开放。分析句子结构可知,先行词是“students”,关系词在从句中作主语,指人,故用关系代词who,故选

27、C。5.(2018宁德质检,30)“Beijing 8 Minutes” was shown at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics used modern technology to send welcome to the world.A.whoseB.thatC.who【答案】B【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意:在2018年平昌冬季奥运会闭幕式上被展示的“北京八分钟”使用现代化技术向世界传递了欢迎之意。分析句子结构可知,先行词为“Beijing 8 Minutes”,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代

28、词that,故选B。全国题组1.(2019河南,28)Do you know the boy over there?The one is holding a ball?Oh, thats my neighbor Phil.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.不填【答案】C【解析】句意:你认识那边那个男生吗?是拿着球的那位吗?哦,那是我的邻居菲尔。本题考查定语从句的关系词。先行词为the one,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The one is holding a ball.由此可知,关系词在定语从句中作主语且指“人”,故答案为C项。2.(2019福建,33)Du Fuguo is a her

29、o is known to millions of Chinese people.A.whoB.whichC.what【答案】A【解析】句意:杜富国是数百万中国人都熟知的英雄。本题考查定语从句。先行词“a hero”指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故本题选A。3.(2019广东,44)Not all childrenwatch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose【答案】C【解析】句意:并不是所有看过这段视频的孩子都会成为科学

30、家,但有些人可能会对科学产生兴趣。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为children, 指人,且关系词在从句中充当主语,故选C。4.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特,6)Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat tells you your weight?A./B.whoC.whomD.that【答案】D【解析】句意:散步后坐下来很令人放松。但是你想坐在能告诉你体重的座位上吗?本题考查定语从句。先行词为a seat,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用which/that,故选D项。5.(

31、2019湖北黄冈,34)Tomorrow is Fathers Day. Whats your surprise for your father?The first thing I will do is to make a card for him.A.whoB.whereC.whoseD.that【答案】D【解析】句意:明天是父亲节。你给你爸爸的惊喜是什么?我要做的第一件事就是给他做一张卡片。此题考查定语从句的用法。根据定语从句的结构分析,此处先行词是thing,其前有The first修饰,当先行词被序数词修饰时,用that引导定语从句。因此选D。6.(2019湖南长沙,29)China

32、is getting better at making hi-tech products can be bought in all parts of the world.A.whoB.whichC.what【答案】B【解析】句意:中国正越来越擅长制造能在世界各地买到的高科技产品。本题考查定语从句。先行词为products,且关系词在从句中作主语,故关系词应用which, 所以答案为B。7.(2019贵州贵阳,35)Wang Yangming is a great educationalist developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen.A.whichB.w

33、hatC.who【答案】C【解析】句意:王阳明是一位伟大的教育家,他的大部分思想在修文形成。此题考查定语从句。which引导定语从句,先行词指物;what不引导定语从句;who引导定语从句,先行词指人,此句的先行词明显是“王阳明”,因此选C。8.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐,34)The teacherI like best often encourages memy dream.A.who;fight forB.that;to fight forC.which;to fight forD.which;fight for【答案】B【解析】句意:我最喜欢的老师经常鼓励我为梦想而奋斗。本题考查定语从句和

34、非谓语动词。由句中“teacher”可知,定语从句的先行词为人, 排除C、D选项。固定短语“encourage sb. to do sth.”意为“鼓励某人做某事”,故选B。9.(2018吉林长春,18)Jack likes being with the classmates are outgoing and kind.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who【答案】D【解析】句意:杰克喜欢与外向、善良的同学在一起。本题考查定语从句。先行词“the classmates”为人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who,故选D。10.(2018湖北黄冈,33)Class, you sh

35、ould be thankful to those people helped and supported you.We will, Miss Chen.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.whose【答案】C 【解析】句意:同学们,你们应该感谢那些帮助过和支持过你们的人。我们会的,陈老师。本题考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词为people,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故选择C。11.(2017湖北黄冈,38)Have you heard of Hansel and Gretel?Yes. Hansel is a smart boy often comes up with a goo

36、d idea.A.whoB.whomC.whereD.which【答案】A【解析】句意:你听说过韩塞尔与葛雷特吗?是的。韩塞尔是一个经常想出好主意的聪明的男孩。本题考查定语从句的用法。本题的先行词为boy, 故定语从句的关系词应用A或B,又因为关系词作定语从句的主语,故本题选择A。12.(2017河南,33)I hate the dogslive in the next house. They make loud noises all night.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom【答案】B【解析】句意:我讨厌生活在隔壁的狗。它们整夜都在制造很大的噪音。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导

37、定语从句,修饰先行词dogs,关系代词用that或which,故选B项。13.(2017广东,44)According to a survey, peopleare able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.who【答案】D【解析】句意:根据调查,会讲两种语言的人能够更轻松地同时处理两件事。考查定语从句关系代词的用法。先行词为人且关系词在从句中作主语,因此选D。14.(2016广西南宁,35)I dont like the people

38、dont help others when they are in trouble.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.what【答案】A【解析】句意:我不喜欢那些当别人有困难时不帮助他们的人。本题考查定语从句。先行词people是人,关系词在从句中作主语,关系代词应用who,故选A。15.(2016河南,32)Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience people cannot get at home.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.what【答案】A【解析】句意:电影院可

39、能会有一个更光明的未来,如果它们能提供给人们一种在家里无法获得的电影体验。本题考查定语从句。当先行词是表示事物的名词时,关系代词用that 或 which。16.(2015湖北黄冈,37)Which song do you like better,Lucy?I prefer the song Little Applecan attract many people.A.which B.who C.whom D.where【答案】A【解析】句意:Lucy,你更喜欢哪首歌? 我更喜欢那首能够吸引很多人的歌小苹果。本题考查定语从句。先行词为the song Little Apple,指物,且关系词在从

40、句中作主语,应用which或that,故答案为A。1（2022黑龙江大庆大庆外国语学校校考模拟预测）Do you know the man _ visited the Charity School?Yes. He is Mr. Li. It is said that it was his _ visit to the school.Awho; the fifthBthat; the fifthC/; fifthDwho; fifth2（2022甘肃定西统考模拟预测）Do you know the man _ saved five people in the fire?AwhoBwhomCwhi

41、chDwhat3（2022江苏常州校考二模）Do you like the weekly show, The Reader, on CCTV? Sure. Its a programme _ brings the habit of reading back into the public.AwhoBthatCwhatDwhom4（2022广西南宁统考二模）Do you like the song “Together to the Future”.Yes, I like the song _ I can sing along with.AwhenBwhoCthatDwhat5（2022重庆渝中重

42、庆巴蜀中学校考模拟预测）I went to talk with Nancy and was surprised by her words _ made me realize _ silly mistakes I had made.Awhat; whichBwhich; whatCwhich; whichDwhat; what6（2022江苏徐州校考三模）Chaka Salt Lake _ is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.AwhereBwhichCwhoDwhen7（2022吉林长春校考模拟预测）I h

43、ave a good friend _ name is Linda.AwhoBthatCwhoseDwhich8（2022黑龙江绥化校考二模）Tom, do you like the shirt _ color is white? No, I prefer the brown one to this one.AthatBwhatCwhose9（2022福建模拟预测）A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. I will never forget all the teachers and friends with _ I spent four years.AwhoBwhomCwhose10（2022河北承德校考模拟预测）I dont know the girl to _ you talked just now.AwhichBwhoCwhomDwhat【难点突破2】11（2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔统考一模）Well never forget the people and buildings _ we _ in India.Awhich; visitBthat; visitedCwho; visited12（2022黑龙江哈尔滨校考一模）